專業(yè)英語八級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷25（共198題）

專業(yè)英語八級(jí)(閱讀)模擬試卷25(共

9套)

(共198題)

專業(yè)英語八級(jí)(閱讀)模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題(本題共14題，每題1.0分，共14分。)

PassageOne(1)1wassurethat1hadfoundatlasttheonetruecosmopolitesinceAdam,

andIlistenedtohisworldwidediscoursefearfullestIshoulddiscoverinitthelocalnote

ofthemereglobe-trotter.Buthisopinionsnevernutteredordrooped;hewasasimpartial

(ocities,countriesandcontinentsasthewindsorgravitation.AndasE.Rushmore

CoglanprattledofthislittleplanetIthoughtwithgleeofagreatalmost-cosmopolitewho

wroteforthewholeworldanddedicatedhimselftoBombay.Inapoemhehastosaythat

thereisprideandrivalrybetweenthecitiesoftheearth,andthat"thementhatbreed

fromthem,theytrafficupanddown,butclingtotheircities'hemasachildtothe

mother'sgown."Andwhenevertheywalk"byroaringstreetsunknown"theyremember

theirnativecity"mostfaithful,foolish,fond;makinghermere-brcathcdnametheirbond

upontheirbond."AndmyglsewasrousedbecauseIhadcaughtMr.Kiplingnapping.

HereIhadfoundamannotmadefromdust;onewhohadnonarrowboastsofbirthplace

orcountry,onewho,ifhebraggedatall,wouldhragofhiswholeroundglobeagainstthe

MartiansandtheinhabitantsoftheMoon.(2)Expressiononthesesubjectswas

precipitatedfromE.RushmoreCoglanbythethirdcornertoourtable.WhileCoglanwas

describingtomethetopographyalongtheSiberianRailway(heorchestraglidedintoa

medley.Theconcludingairwas"Dixie",andastheexhilaratingnotestumbledforth

(heywerealmostoverpoweredbyagreatclappingofhandsfromalmosteverytable.I

hastenedtoaskhimaquestionbecauseIwantedtotryoutatheoryIhad.(3)"Wouldyou

mindtellingme,"Ibegan,"whetheryouarefrom—"(4)ThefistofE.RushmoreCoglan

bangedthetableandIwasjarredintosilence.(5)"Excuseme,"saidhe,"butthat'sa

questionIneverliketohearasked.Whatdoesitmatterwhereamanisfrom?Isitfairto

judgeamanbyhispost-officeaddress?Why,I'veseenKentuckianswhohatedwhiskey,

Virginianswhoweren'tdescendedfromPocahontas,Indianianswhohadn'twrittena

novel,Mexicanswhodidn'twearvelvettrouserswithsilverdollarssewedalongthe

scams,funnyEnglishmen,spendthriftYankees,cold-bloodedSoutherners,narrow-

mindedWesterners,andNewYorkerswhoweretoobusytostopforanhouronthestreet

iowatchaone-arniedgrocer'sclerkdoupcranberriesinpaperbags.Leiamanbeaman

anddon'thandicaphimwiththelabelofanysection."(6)"Pardonme,"Isaid,"butmy

curiositywasnotaltogetheranidleone.Iknow(heSouth,andwhen(hebandplays'

Dixie'Iliketoobserve.Ihaveformedthebeliefthatthemanwhoapplaudsthatairwith

specialviolenceandostensiblesectionalloyaltyisinvariablyanativeofeitherSecaucus,

N.J.,orthedistrictbetweenMurrayHillLyceumandtheHarlemRiver,thiscity.Iwas

abouttoputmyopiniontothetestbyinquiringofthisgentlemanwhenyouinterrupted

withyourown—largertheory,Imustconfess.**(7)"I'vebeenaroundtheworldtwelve

times,"saidhe."It'samightylittleoldworld.What'stheuseofbraggingaboutbeing

fromtheNorth,oriheSouth,ortheoldmanorhouseinthedale,orEuclidavenue,

Cleveland,orPike'sPeak,orFairfaxCounty,Va.,orHooligan'sFlatsoranyplace?It'll

beabetterworldwhenwequitbeingfoolsaboutsomemildewedtownortenacresof

swamplandjustbecausewehappenedtobebornthere."(8)"Youseemtobeagenuine

cosmopolite/'Isaidadmiringly."Butitalsoseemsthatyouwoulddecrypatriotism."(9)

"Arelicofthestoneage,"declaredCoglan,warmly."Weareallbrothers-Chinamen,

Englishmen,Zulus,PatagoniansandthepeopleinthebendoftheKawRiver.Someday

allthispettyprideinone'scityorStateorsectionorcountrywillbewipedout.andwe'll

allbecitizensoftheworld,asweoughttobe."(10)"Butwhileyouarewanderingin

foreignlands,"Ipersisted,"donotyourthoughtsreverttosomespot—somedearand—"

(11)"Naryaspot,"interruptedE.R.Coglan,flippantly."Theterrestrial,globular,

planetaryhunkofmatter,slightlyflattenedatthepoles,andknownastheEarth,ismy

abode.I'mnottieddowntoanythingthatisn't8,000milesindiameter.Justputmedown

asE.RushmoreCoglan,citizenoftheterrestrialsphere."(12)Mycosmopolitemadea

largeadieuandleftme,forhethoughthesawsomeonethrough(hechatterandsmoke

whomheknew.Isatreflectinguponmyevidentcosmopoliteandwonderinghowthe

poethadmanagedtomisshim.HewasmydiscoveryandIbelievedinhim.Howwasit?

"Themen(hatbreedfrom(hem(heytrafficupanddown,butclingtotheircities1hemas

achildtothemothersgown."NotsoE.RushmoreCoglan.Withthewholeworldfor

his—(13)Mymeditationswereinterruptedbyatremendousnoiseandconflictinanother

partofthecafe.Isawabovetheheadsof(heseatedpatronsE.RushmoreCoglananda

strangertomeengagedinterrificbattle.TheyfoughtbetweenthetableslikeTitans,and

glassescrashed,andmencaughttheirhatsupandwereknockeddown,andabrunette

screamed,andablondebegantosing"Teasing".(14)Mycosmopolitewassustainingthe

prideandreputationoftheEarthwhenthewaitersclosedinonbothcombatantswith

theirfamousflyingwedgeformationandborethemoutside,stillresisting.(15)Icalled

McCarthy,oneoftheFrenchgarcons,andaskedhimthecauseoftheconflict.(16)"The

manwiththeredtic(thatwasmycosmopolite)",saidhe,"gothotonaccountofthings

saidaboutthebumsidewalksandwatersupplyoftheplacehecoinefrombytheother

guy.M(17)"Why,"saidLbewildered,"thatmanisacitizenoftheworld—acosmopolite.

He—"(18)"OriginallyfromMattawamkeag,Maine,"hesaid,continuedMcCarthy,"and

hewouldn'tstandfornoknockin*(heplace."

1、ItcanbeinferredfromPara.1thatMr.Kiplingmight.

A、beagainstarroganceandcompetition

B、havetravelledallaroundtheworld

C、regardithardtofindatruecosmopolite

D^haveneverboastedofhisownhometown

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題、根據(jù)題干定位至文章第一段。該段第三句開始提及了一位詩

人，從后文來看，這位詩人就是吉卜林先生。在詩中他對(duì)人們狹隘的地方主義思想

進(jìn)行了描述和抨擊，而“我”在見到科格蘭先生，并稱贊他是一位世界公民之后，本

段第六句提到，“我”抓住了吉卜林先生的小辮子，可見吉卜林先生可能認(rèn)為很難找

到一位真正的世界公民，故［C］為答案。從“我”引用吉卜林的詩作可以看出，他所

反對(duì)的是地方主義，而不是傲慢和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此排除［A］；作者在第三句中僅僅提到

吉卜林為整個(gè)世界寫作，并沒有說他曾環(huán)游世界，故排除［B］；［D］”從未夸耀過他

自己的故鄉(xiāng)”在原文中并未提及，故排除。

2、HowdidMr.Coglanfeelabout"my"questionaboutwherehecamefrom?

A^Astonished.

B、Enthusiastic.

C、Humiliated.

D、Frightened.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段至第五段。第三段中“我”問科格蘭先

生是哪里的人，第四段中他的反應(yīng)是將拳頭用力砸在桌子上，把“我”嚇了一跳，可

見他情緒較為激動(dòng)，而具體的感受則在第五段進(jìn)行了解釋，科格蘭表示決不喜歡聽

到這種問話，因?yàn)樗磳?duì)按照家鄉(xiāng)給人們貼上相應(yīng)的“標(biāo)簽”，可見這種激動(dòng)是一種

憤怒和受到羞辱后的反應(yīng)，這與［C］表述一致，故［C］為答案。同時(shí)排除［A「驚訝的”

和［B］熱情的“；而［D］“害怕的”是“我”在看到科格蘭的反應(yīng)后的感受，不是科格蘭的

表現(xiàn)，故排除。

3、WhatmightMr.Coglanthinkofthepatriotism"I"havementioned?

A^Itwasbehindthetimes.

B、Itshouldbecherished.

C、Itwashardtoforget.

D、Itdidn'texistatall.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段和第九段。第八段中“我”說科格蘭是

位貨真價(jià)實(shí)的世界公民，但他似乎也詆毀了愛國主義，而第九段中科格蘭的第?句

話是“石器時(shí)代的殘余“，根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系，這是對(duì)愛國主義的評(píng)價(jià)和認(rèn)識(shí)，可見他

認(rèn)為這種思想是過時(shí)的，故［A］為答案。從上文可以看出，科格蘭稱自己反對(duì)任何

與地方主義有關(guān)的思想，I大此易排除［B］“應(yīng)該被珍視”和［C］“難以忘懷”；而對(duì)于這

種思想是否存在，他并未提及，故排除［D］。

4、TheconflictbetweenMr.Coglanandthemanrevealed.

A、thatMr.Coglandeeplyresentedhishometown

B、whatMr.Coglandidandsaidwascontradictory

C、howMr.Coglanwoulddefendhisowndignity

D、whyMr.Coglanwassoopposedtolocalism

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十三段至文末。第十三段講到科格蘭先生

與一個(gè)“我”不認(rèn)識(shí)的人發(fā)生了激烈搏斗，而第十六段給出搏斗的原因。他是因?yàn)槟?/p>

生人詆毀他的家鄉(xiāng)而被激怒，可見他雖然嘴上反對(duì)任何形式的地方主義，但實(shí)際上

自己還是受這種思想的牽絆，其言行是相互矛盾的，故［B］為答案，同時(shí)排除

［D］”他為什么反對(duì)地方主義”。旁人對(duì)其家鄉(xiāng)評(píng)價(jià)差就激怒了科格蘭先生，這不能

說明他憎惡自己的家鄉(xiāng)，因此排除IA］；科格蘭與此人發(fā)生了激烈搏斗，以至被強(qiáng)

行推出咖啡館，早就沒有了矜持和自尊，故排除［C］。

5、Theauthorwindedupthestorywithatoneof.

A^humor

B、approval

C^sincerity

D、satire

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位至文末。作者在此處講到自稱反對(duì)地方主義的

世界公民科格蘭先生因?yàn)閯e人詆毀自己的家鄉(xiāng)而和人大打出手，以至于連自己的尊

嚴(yán)都不顧了，而此前的大量篇幅都在渲染這位世界公民認(rèn)為天下平等，反對(duì)地方主

義的各種說法，結(jié)尾處提到他的這種行為，揭示出這個(gè)人的虛偽和丑態(tài)，也表現(xiàn)出

作者對(duì)這種人的諷刺，故［D］為答案，同時(shí)排除［A］幽默”、出「贊賞”和［C］“真誠”。

PassageTwo(I)Britain'seconomywilllosemomentumthisyearamidsqueezedliving

standardsanduncertaintyoverBrexitandtheinconclusiveelectionresult,leadingratings

agencieshavepredicted.(2)Moody'ssaidthequalmsabouttalksinBrusselsandthe

minoritygovernmenthaveincreasedtheU.K.'spoliticalandfinancialrisks.Analystsat

(heratingsagencysaidtheU.K.economyhasstartedtoslowandtheyexpectit(o

weakenconsiderablythroughout(herestof(heyear,addingthatitwasunclearifthe

governmentcoulddelivera"reasonablygood"Brexitdeal.(3)Moody'ssaidthe

governmentappearedtobepursuingobjectivespointingtowardsahardexitandsaid

growthprospectsoverthemediumtermcouldbe"materiallyweaker"iftheU.K.failsto

signatradedealallowingaccesstothesinglemarket.KathrinMuehlbronner,asenior

vicepresidentatMoody's,said;"Thelikelihoodofanabrupt—anddamagingexit—with

noagreementandreversiontoWorldTradeOrganizationtradingruleshasincreased

comparedtoourexpectationafterthereferendum,withthegovernmentsofarpursuing

objectivesthatimplyahardexit."(4)Weakerpublicfinancescouldleadtoa"further

delayinreversingtherisingtendofpublicdebt",theagencywarnedinareport.

However,itsaidtheBankofEngland'scredibilityshouldensurefinancialstability,with

exchangerateflexibilitygivingsupportforexports.(5)Anotherratingsagency,Standard

&Poor's,alsopredictedafallintheU.K.*sgrowthrate-fromI.8%in2016toI.4%in

2017and0.8%in2018一addingthattheoutlookmightbeevenworseiftheBrexittalks

betweenBritainand(heEUgobadly.(6)Despitespeculationofanincreaseininterest

ratesfromtheBankofEnglandnextmonth,S&Psaid(heweaknessoftheeconomy

wouldresultinborrowingcostsbeingleftonholdat0.25%foranothertwoyears.S&P

'ssenioreconomist,BorisGlass,said;"Givendemandweakness,thetemporarynatureof

importedinflation,moderatedomesticwagepressures,andBrexituncertainties,we

expecttheBankofEngland'scurrentukra-accommodativestanceiocontinueoverthe

mediumtermandexpectafirstratehiketooccuronlyinmid-2019."(7)S&Psaidthe

bctter-than-prcdictcdperformanceoftheeconomyin2016hadbeentheresultof

"extraordinarilyrobustconsumerspending"butaddedthatthepressureonhouseholds

frompricesrisingmorerapidlythanwageswaslikelytopersistfortherestof2017and

into2018.(8)FiguresdueoutonWednesdaywillshowwhetherthelowest

unemploymentsincethe1970shasstartedtohaveanupwardeffectonearnings,which

arecurrentlygrowingbyjustover2%ayear.Inflationasmeasuredbytheconsumer

pricesindexisrunningal2.9%,whiletheretailpricesindexis3.7%.(9)The

depreciationofthepoundwouldmake(heU.K.exportsmorecompetitivebutwould

onlyaddbetween0.2and0.3percentagepointstogrowthfrom2017to2020.S&Psaid

astudyofthedatashowedthatsomeU.K.exportershadtakenadvantageofthefallin

sterlingtoraisetheirpricesratherthantobreakintonewmarkets.Theagencysaidthat

whilethepriceincreasesweretosomeextentamatterofchoice,theywerelikelytohave

beennecessaryforfirmsthatreliedonimportswhichhadbecomemoreexpensiveasa

resultofthefallingexchangerate.WithfirmsmakingBrexitcontingencyplans,

investmentwasbeingshelvedratherthangiventhego-ahcad.(10)"Ourforecastsfor

slowergrowtharcsubjecttoconsiderabledownsiderisks,stemmingmainlyfromBrexit

uncertainties,"Glasssaid."Forexample,thestagingofthenegotiations,withthe'divorce'

settlementbeingnegotiatedbeforeanyfuturerelationshipwiththeEUisaddressed,

meansthatshouldtheseparationnegotiationsstall,therewouldbelesstimeleftfor

negotiatingthefuturetraderelationship,riskingacliffedge.""Ingeneral,should

negotiationsstallforanextendedperiod,thiscouldtranslateintoafurthersignificant

depreciationofsterlingandaconsequentriseininflation."(11)BenBroadbent,oneof

(heBankofEngland'sdeputygovernors,saidasharpdropin【heU.K.tradewiththeEU

afterBrexitwouldbebadfortheeconomy.InaspeechinAberdeenthatfocusedonthe

benefitsofinternational(rade,Broadbentsaid:"Putsimply,asignificantcurtailmentof

tradewithEuropewouldfore?theU.K.toshiftawayfromproducingthingsit'sbeen

relativelygoodat,andthereforeexporttotheEU,andtowardsthethingsitcurrently

importsandisrelativelylessgoodat."(12)AnumberofMPCmembers—includingthe

governor,MarkCarney,andtheBank'schiefeconomist,AndyHaldane—havegiven

theirviewsontheoutlookforborrowingcostsinrecentmonths.Broadbentvotedfor

officialinterestratestoremainonholdattheMPC'slastmeetinginJuneandhisfailure

tomentionmonetarypolicywasseenbytheCityasasignthathewillvotethesameway

againinAugust.ThepoundfellslightlyafterBroadbent'sspeechandclosedinLondonat

$1.285.

6、WhichofthefollowingpointsofviewmayaccordwiththatofMoody's?

A^ThelivingstandardsinBritainhavekeptonrising.

B、BrexitexertspressureupontheBritishgovernment.

C、ItisbelievedthattalksinBrusselswillbreakdown.

D^Britain'seconomywillslowdowninacertaintime.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段和第三段。這兩段集中闡述了穆迪公

司的觀點(diǎn)，其中第二段指出英國經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)開始放緩，而第三段第一句提到，穆迪認(rèn)

為英國經(jīng)濟(jì)在中期內(nèi)增長的預(yù)期可能會(huì)“更加渺?！保梢娔碌险J(rèn)為英國經(jīng)濟(jì)在一段

時(shí)間內(nèi)將保持放緩的態(tài)勢(shì)，故（D］為答案。第一段提到生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是影響英國經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)

力的因素之一，但并沒有對(duì)這個(gè)參數(shù)的發(fā)展做出預(yù)測(cè)，故排除［A］"英國的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

在持續(xù)提高''；出］"脫歐對(duì)英國政府施加壓力”是對(duì)第三段第一句的曲解，原文意思

是政府選擇的脫歐方式是艱難且不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的，故排除；第二段提到了對(duì)布魯

塞爾會(huì)談結(jié)果不看好，但并沒有說會(huì)談會(huì)破裂，因此排除［C］。

7、ThefiguresinPara.8arccitedto.

A^explaintherelationbetweenpriceandwage

B、contrasteconomicpredictionwithperformance

C、supportS&P'sviewon:heU.K.'seconomiccondition

D^educeadiscussionaboutthepounddepreciation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段。笫八段中引用了收入增長、通貨膨

脹率和英鎊貶值的情況，這些數(shù)據(jù)之前是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾對(duì)于2016年英國經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)的解

讀和對(duì)未來經(jīng)濟(jì)情況的預(yù)期，數(shù)據(jù)之后仍是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾關(guān)于英鎊貶值對(duì)企業(yè)行為影響

的分析和預(yù)測(cè)，可見這些數(shù)據(jù)都是用于支持該分析公司對(duì)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)情況的觀點(diǎn)與看

法，這與［C］表述一致，故［C］為答案。［A］“解釋價(jià)格與工資的關(guān)系”在原文中沒有明

確提及，故排除；相關(guān)段落并沒有提到之前對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的預(yù)期情況，因此排除［B:比較

經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期與表現(xiàn)”；第八段所涉及的數(shù)據(jù)并不僅僅是關(guān)于英鎊貶值的，因此［D］引出

關(guān)于英鎊貶值的探討”說法過于局限，故排除。

8、WecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatBenBroadbent.

A^predictedasharpeconoiricdownturn

B、analyzedtheprospectoftheU.K.'smanufacturing

C^disagreedwiththeopinionsofMarkCarney

D^wouldgoonremaininginterestratesonhold

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十?段和第十二段。第十?段提到，布羅

德本特在一次演講中指出，脫歐所造成的歐洲貿(mào)易的顯著縮減將迫使英國制造業(yè)發(fā)

生一些轉(zhuǎn)變，從原來只生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)型為不得不自己生產(chǎn)一些劣勢(shì)的、原本主要

依賴進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品，說明他分析了英國制造業(yè)的前景，故［因?yàn)榇鸢浮阄闹胁]有提

到布羅德本特預(yù)測(cè)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)未來要大幅下滑，因此排除［A］；第十二段雖然提到英

國央行行長馬克.卡尼已經(jīng)表達(dá)了自己對(duì)未來數(shù)月借款成本前景的看法，但并沒有

明說他的立場(chǎng)究竟如何，I大此排除［C］“不同意馬克.卡尼的看法”；第十二段倒數(shù)第

二句指出，布羅德本特在六月份貨幣政策委員會(huì)最后一次會(huì)議上投票贊成法定利率

維持現(xiàn)狀，而有可能八月份再度做出同樣的決定，但這一點(diǎn)并不能肯定，因此［D］

與原文不符，故排除。

9、Whichofthefollowingrelationsisrepeatedlytoucheduponbythosementioned

economistsandagencies?

A^TheU.K.'seconomyandBrexit.

B、Bankcredibilityandfinancialstability.

C、Interestratesandexports.

D^Inflationandpriceincreases.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。全篇提及的主要機(jī)構(gòu)有穆迪和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾，主要經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家包括

穆迪公司副總裁凱瑟琳.穆爾布羅勒、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾的格拉斯和英格蘭銀行副行長之一

布羅德本特，文章在第三段、第五段、第六段和第十一段講到了他們關(guān)于脫歐對(duì)英

國經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的論述，可見這對(duì)關(guān)系是他們所普遍關(guān)注的，故［A］為答案，同時(shí)排除

［B］、［C］和［D］。

PassageThree(1)Forsomev/omen.enrollinginanengineeringcourseislikerunninga

psychologicalgauntlet.If(heydodgeovertproblemslikesexualharassment,sexistjokes,

orpoortreatmentfromprofessors,theyoftenstillhavetoevadesubtlerobstacleslikethe

implicittendencytoseeengineeringasamalediscipline.It'snowonderwomeninthe

U.S.holdjust13to22percentofthedoctoratesinengineering,comparedtoanalready-

low33percentinthesciencesasawhole.(2)NilanjanaDasgupta,fromtheUniversityof

MassachusettsinAmherst,thinksthatmentors—peoplewhocangiveadvice,share

experiences,ormakesocialconnections-candismantlethegauntlet,andhelpyoung

womentofindtheirplaceinanoftenhostilefield.(3)Inayear-longstudy—oneofthe

strongestyettolookatthevalueofmentorship-Dasguptashowedthatfemale

engineeringundergraduateswhoarcpairedwithafemalementorfeltmoremotivated,

moreself-assured,andlessanxiousthanthosewhohadeithernomentororamaleone.

Theywerelesslikelytodropoutoftheircourses,andkeenertolookforengineeringjobs

aftertheygraduated."Often,scienceismessyandthingsdon\turnoutneatly,"Dasgupta

says.Butinthisstudy,"itwasverygratifyinghowcleantheresultswere."(4)Shesees

mentorsas"socialvaccines".Justasmedicalvaccinespreparetheimmunesystemtodeal

withinfections,goodmentorsinoculatethemindagainstthestultifyingeffectsof

negativestereotypes."Andthisstudyisn'tjustaboutwomen,'addsRadhikaNagpal,

fromHarvardUniversity."It'saboutallthegroupswhohavebeenhistoricallyandlegally

excluded,andarenowslowlyenteringaworldfromwhichtheirmemberswerebarred.

There'safamoussaying:Youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee."(5)Between2011and2015,

DasguptaandhercolleagueTaraDennehyrecruited150womenwhoenrolledinthe

university'sengineeringcourse,andrandomlyassignedthem:oeitherafemalementor,a

malementor,ornomentor.Thementorswereallhigh-performingseniorstudentswho

sharedthesamemajorsastheirmcntccs.Afterabrieftrainingsession,theywereaskedto

meetwiththeirchargesonceamonth,andhelpthemtowrestlewithacademicproblems,

developlong-termplans,findasocialnetwork,andmore.(6)Ayearlater,Dennehyand

Dasguptasurveyedthevolunteers.Comparedtotheirmentorlesspeers,thestudentswith

femalementorsfeltmoreacceptedbytheirpeersandlessinvisible.Theyweremore

confidentintheirengineeringskills,andmorelikelytothinktheyhadatalentforthe

subject.Theyweremorelikelytothink(hattheirabilitytoovercometheiracademic

challengesoutweighed(hestressanduncertainty(heyfelt.(7)"It'snot(hathavinga

femalementorincreasedbelongingorconfidence—itjuslpreservedil,"Dasguptanotes.

Thisisacriticalpoint.Withoutanymentorshipatall,thevolunteersfeltincreasingly

anxious,under-confident,andoutoftheplacethroughtheyear.Butthementorshelped

tostraightenthesearcsthat,bydefault,veertowardsexclusionandattrition.(8)Thathas

long-termeffects.Asthemonthsworeon,DennehyandDasguptafoundthatwomen

withoutmemorsincreasinglythoughtaboutswitchingmajors,andbecamelesskeenon

pursuinggraduatedegreesinengineering.Bytheendofthefirstyear,11percentofthem

haddroppedout.Bycontrast,thestudentswithfemalementorsremainedequally

committedtotheirfields,andeverysingleoneofthemstayedthecourse.(9)Why?The

answerhadnothingtodowithacademicperformance:Thestudents'actualgradeshadno

bearingontheiroddsofstayinginengineering.Instead,"theactiveingredientsare

belongingandconfidence/'saysDasgupta."Humansaresocialanimals.Ourabilityalone

doesn'tdeterminewhetherwestayinorleaveafield.It'sabilitymixedinthatfeelingthat

theseareyourpeople,thisiswhereyoubelong.Absent,(hatevenhigh-perfbrmersmight

notfeelmotivatedtostay."Whichmakesyouwonder;Howmanybrilliantmindshave

beenlostfromengineeringandotherSTEMdisciplinesbecause(hosedisciplinesdidn't

createspacesforthem?(10)DennehyandDasguptaalsofoundthatmalementorswere

somewhatofamixedbag.Insomemeasures,theywerejustaseffectiveasfemale

mentors.Inothers,theywereindistinguishablefromhavingnomentoratall.Andin

somecases,theywereworse;Theyactuallyincreasedwomen'sanxietyabouttheir

performanceovertime.(11)Why?Dasguptaexpectedthatthefemalementorswould

providemoresocialandemotionalsupport—butthatwasn'tthecase.Thementorsall

keptdiariesabouttheirconversationswiththeirmentees,andtheserevealedthatboth

genderslargelytalkedaboutdiesamekindsofacademicproblems.Andthemcntecs

themselvesfeltthatthemalementorswerejustassupportiveandavailableasthefemale

ones.Instead,Dasguptaspeculatesthatthemenjustcouldn'tactasrolemodelsinthe

samewaythatotherwomencould,andsocouldn'tcatalyzethoseall-importantfeelings

ofbelonging.(12)That'snottosaythatthemenhavenoroletoplay."Theycould

connectwomentootherwomeninengineering,ortofemalefacultywhocoulddothe

workofsocialbelonginginawaythatthemalementorscan'tprovide(hemselves,"

Dasguptasays.(13)LinBianfromtheUniversityofIllinois,whorecentlyshowedthat

genderedstereotypesaboutintelligencetakerootattheyoungageof6,saysthat

Dasgupta'sstudyrevealshow"rolemodelsinoculatewomenagainstnegativebeliefs

duringcriticaltransitions."Thestartofcollegeisonesuchtransition-apointwhenlife

getsupended,andwhenpeoplefeelasurgeofuncertaintyabouttheirplaceintheworld.

That'swhenmentoringcanmakethemostdifference.(14)"Itmakesanincrediblecase

fornear-peermentoringtoincreasethegraduationrateofwomeninengineeringdegree

programs,"saysSheilaBoyington,thepresidentoftheMillionWomenMentors

initiative."Whilemuchofthestudyisindeedintuitive,itaffirmsawell-definedpath

forwardforuniversitiestofollowiftheywanttoincreasediversityinSTEM."(15)And

althoughmentoringisjustoneofmanypossiblesolutions,"it'snotaneither-orsituation,"

saysNagpaL"Weneedtodoeverything,likementoring,fightingsexistexclusionary

behaviors,trainingmentobehavebetter,andinvestingmoneyinbetterpractices.We

needtomakeupforacenturyofneither-nor."

1。、Theword"gauntlet"inPara.1maybeclosestinmeaningto.

A、ailment

B、stimulus

C、torture

D^incentive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。設(shè)問詞位于第一段首句，該句論述

就讀工程學(xué)課程對(duì)于一些女性的心理意義。第二句中作者指出她們?cè)谶@一學(xué)科中可

能面臨的各種困難和問題，并且她們學(xué)習(xí)這一學(xué)科還存在的其他更加微妙的障礙，

可見設(shè)問詞應(yīng)該是負(fù)面含義的，因此首先排除［B］“刺激”和激勵(lì)"；而［A］“疾病”

只能說明女性自身的問題，不符合隨后提到的各種外界障礙和困難，故排除［A］；

而［C］“折磨”既能表達(dá)負(fù)面含義，乂能強(qiáng)調(diào)外部因素的影響，故為答案。

11、Accordingtotheauthor,mentorsarecomparedto"socialvaccines"becausethey

both.

A^helppeoplesetupanimmunesystem

B、getpeoplereadyforexternalinfluence

C、exertpositiveeffectsforIhewholesociety

D、eliminatenegativeeffectsofstereotypes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段。該段第一句說，研究人員將導(dǎo)師們

視為“社會(huì)疫苗”，第二句提到，醫(yī)藥疫苗的功能是讓免疫系統(tǒng)做好應(yīng)對(duì)感染的準(zhǔn)

備，而作為“社會(huì)疫苗”的導(dǎo)師，可以讓頭腦做好準(zhǔn)備，抵御負(fù)面刻板印象，這說明

兩者的共同點(diǎn)在于他們都能讓人們對(duì)外部影響因素做好應(yīng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)備，這與［B］表述一

致，故［B］為答案。根據(jù)該段第二句，疫苗并不能讓人們建立免疫系統(tǒng)，只是讓已

有的免疫系統(tǒng)做好應(yīng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)備，故排除［A］；“社會(huì)疫苗”對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的效應(yīng)，

這在原文并沒有明確指出，故排除［C］；而［D］”消除陳舊觀念的負(fù)面影響”，只是

“社會(huì)疫苗”的特點(diǎn)，不是兩者的共同點(diǎn)。故排除。

12、Forthefemaleengineeringundergraduates,femalementorscanprovideaidinthe

followingaspectsEXCEPT.

A、sexualharassment

B、socialinteractions

C、psychologicalsupport

D^planningguidance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段和第十一段。第五段最后一句提到了

導(dǎo)師們?yōu)閷W(xué)員提供的支持包括解決學(xué)業(yè)上的問題，制訂長期計(jì)劃和尋找社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，

凡此種種；而第十一段則提到女性導(dǎo)師會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)員進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，并作為行為榜樣，激發(fā)

女性學(xué)員對(duì)學(xué)科的歸屬感，第十二段提到女性導(dǎo)師可以幫助學(xué)員建立社會(huì)歸屬感，

可見她們對(duì)學(xué)員的支持包括社會(huì)交往、心理支持和計(jì)劃指導(dǎo)等，并沒有性騷擾方

面,故［A］為答案,同時(shí)排除［B］、［C］和［D］。

13、AccordingtoDasgupta'sstudy,thekeytoawoman'ssuccessinengineering

is.

A、theoutstandingacademicperformance

B、achance(obeaccepted

C^extensivesocialinteractions

D、（hesenseofbelonging

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第十一段和第十二段。上文介紹了幫助女性

學(xué)生獲得工程學(xué)科成功的一項(xiàng)探索性項(xiàng)目——建立導(dǎo)師制，說明了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的研究

方法、過程和結(jié)果；而從第十一段開始，分析男女導(dǎo)師作用的差異時(shí)，文章指出女

性導(dǎo)師之所以效果更好，在于她們有一種行為榜樣的力量，會(huì)使女性學(xué)員產(chǎn)生歸屬

感；而第十二段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)歸屬感對(duì)于女性學(xué)生獲得成功的重要性，可見這個(gè)研究發(fā)

現(xiàn)，女性在工程學(xué)專業(yè)獲得威功的關(guān)鍵在于建立歸屬感，故［D］為答案。笫九段第

二句指出，女性能否在工程專業(yè)堅(jiān)持下來與課業(yè)表現(xiàn)無關(guān)，因此排除［A|；［B］的表

述與“歸屬感”有些相似，但強(qiáng)調(diào)的是外界的機(jī)會(huì)，而不是女性自身的感受，不符合

原文，故排除；廣泛的社交活動(dòng)屬于導(dǎo)師們幫助的范疇，但并不是研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的關(guān)

鍵，故排除［C］。

14^ThelasttwoparagraphsindicatethatNagpalandBoyinglonfeeltheprospectof

mentoringis.

A^ambiguous

B、gloomy

C、unlimited

D、promising

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；推斷題。根據(jù)題干分別定位至第十四段和第十五段。第十四段中，博

因頓對(duì)導(dǎo)師制度給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)，認(rèn)為它“令人難以置信地提高了女性獲得工程學(xué)

學(xué)位的比例”，并認(rèn)為它為未來的發(fā)展提供了一條明晰的道路；而第十五段中納格

普爾則認(rèn)為導(dǎo)師制雖然只是其中一種解決方案，但它是人們對(duì)多年來性別壁壘不作

為的一種彌補(bǔ)，是可取的措施，可見這兩位對(duì)導(dǎo)師制的前景都是比較看好的，故

［D］“有前途的”為答案,同時(shí)排除網(wǎng)“不明確的”和［B］“前景黯淡的”;而［C］“無限的”

程度太過，不符合原文，故排除。

二、簡答題（本題共8題，每題上0分，共8分。）

PassageOne

15、Whatdid"I"meanbysaying"mycuriositywasnotaltogetheranidleone"inPara.

6?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案："I"hadgoodreasonstoaskthequestion.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干定位至第六段。結(jié)合上文，“我”問科格蘭先生是哪里的人，

這引起了他的憤懣，他解釋說，自己最不喜歡因相關(guān)的地方而被別人貼上一定的

"標(biāo)簽”，而第六段中“我”解釋了自己對(duì)于人們地方特點(diǎn)的觀察與認(rèn)識(shí)，這也就是為

什么他會(huì)問到科格蘭先生的家鄉(xiāng)，再結(jié)合設(shè)問句的字面意思可知，“我”的意思是說

“我”如此問是有一定原因的，故答案為‘"Ihadgoodreasonstoaskthequestion.

16、Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldbethecharacteristicofa"cosmopolite"?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Withloveforthewholeworldandbeingagainstlocalism.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：對(duì)于世界公民的定義和特點(diǎn)幾乎貫穿全文。首段第二句即指出，世界

公民對(duì)不同城市、國家和大洲都是不偏不倚，而第三句中提到的一位差不多算世界

公民的吉卜林先生，是為全世界寫作的，而根據(jù)此后提到的科格蘭的觀點(diǎn)，世界各

地的人民都是兄弟，人們應(yīng)該消除自己對(duì)于出生地的自豪感，也就是消除地方主義

觀念，可見世界公民的特點(diǎn)就是熱愛整個(gè)世界，反對(duì)地方主義，故答案為“With

loveforthewholeworldandbeingagainstlocalism.

PassageTwo

17、WhatdidKathrinMuehlbronnerpredictinPara.3?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：PossibleoutcomesoftheBrexitnegotiation.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干定位至第三段.該段最后一句提到，程迪副總裁凱瑟琳?程

爾布羅勒認(rèn)為，由于政府目前的H標(biāo)定位是傾向于追求硬性脫歐，很有可能最終的

脫歐是具有破壞性的，也許無法達(dá)成協(xié)議并回歸世界貿(mào)易組織交易規(guī)則，這種不良

態(tài)勢(shì)的可能性相較全民公投之時(shí)已經(jīng)增大了，可見她是在對(duì)脫歐談判的結(jié)果進(jìn)行一

些分析和預(yù)測(cè)，故答案為“PossibleoutcomesofiheBrexitnegolialion.

18、Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheword"they"refertoinPara.9?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Thepriceincreases.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干定位至第九段。設(shè)問詞所在句指出盡管提高價(jià)格在一定程度

上是一種選擇性行為，但對(duì)于依賴進(jìn)口的公司而言，在匯率下跌導(dǎo)致進(jìn)口成木增加

的情況下，這可能是不得已而為由此可?知，此處的“they”指價(jià)格增長，故答案

為"Thepriceincreases.

19、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：ThepredictionontheU.K.*seconomicslowdownanditsreasons.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章開門見山，指出評(píng)測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為英國經(jīng)濟(jì)本年將失去動(dòng)力；隨后引

入兩家主要評(píng)測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)和幾位主要經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，以及一些重要數(shù)據(jù)，分析了英國

經(jīng)濟(jì)目前面臨的各種主要壓力和不利因素，一方面支持了開篇提出的觀點(diǎn)，另一方

面也分析了英國經(jīng)濟(jì)可能放緩的主要原因，故答案為“Thepredictiononthe

U.K.'seconomicslowdownanditsreasons.

PassageThree

20、Whatdoesthefirst"it"in"itjustpreservedit"refertoinPara.7?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Havingafemalementor.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干定位至第七段。該段第?句前半句提到，擁有?名女性導(dǎo)師

并沒有增強(qiáng)歸屬感或自信心，后半句為itjustpreservedit,根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系，可知

兩個(gè)il分別對(duì)應(yīng)指代“擁有女性導(dǎo)師”和“歸屬感和自信心”，故答案為“Havinga

femalementor.

21NWhyarcmalementorssaidtobe"amixedhag"inPara.10?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Theirinfluenceonmenteesissometimespositivebutsometimesnegative.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題T定位至第十段。設(shè)問詞組出現(xiàn)在該段第一句，指出男性導(dǎo)師

的作用和效果。從第二句開始，作者解釋說，男性導(dǎo)師在?定程度上和女性導(dǎo)師?

樣有效，而另一方面卻和沒有導(dǎo)師的情況并無二致，在某些情況