專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷25（共177題）

專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷25（共

9套）

（共177題）

專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、完型填空（本題共/0題，每題分，共10分。）

A.ampleB.combinationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.

insteadH.listsI.promulgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.

transplantedO.virtualImagineaworldwithoutwriting.Obviouslytherewouldbeno

books:nonovels,noencyclopedias,nocookbooks,notextbooks,notelephonebooks,no

scriptures,nodiaries,notravelguides.Therewouldbenoball-points,notypewriters,no

computers,noInternet,nomagazines,nomoviecredits,noshoppinglists,no

newspapers,notaxreturns.Butsuch[Cl]ofobjectsalmostmissthepoint.

Theworldweliveinhasbeenindeliblymarkedbythewrittenword,[C2]by

thetechnologyofwritingoverthousandsofyears.Ancientkingsproclaimedtheir

authorityand[C3]theirlawsinwriting.Scribesadministeredgreatempires

bywriting,theirknowledgeofrecordingandretrievinginformationessentialto

governingcomplexsocieties.Religioustraditionswerepassedonthrough[C4]

,andspreadtoothers,inwriting.Scientificandtechnologicalprogresswas

achievedand[C5]throughwriting.Accountsintradeandcommercecouldbe

keptbecauseofwriting.Nearlyeverystepofcivilizationhasbeenmediatedthrough

writing.Aworldwithoutwritingwouldbear[C6]resemblancetotheonewe

nowlivein.Writingisa[C7]necessitytothesocietiesanthropologistscall

civilizations.Acivilizationisdistinguishedfromothersocietiesbythecomplexityofits

socialorganization,byitsconstructionofcitiesandlargepublicbuildings,andbythe

economicspecializationofitsmembers,manyofwhomarenot[C8]

involvedinfoodprocurementorproduction.Acivilization,withitstaxation

andtributesystems,itstradeanditspublicworks,requiresa[C9]systemof

recordkeeping.AndsotheearlycivilizationsofEgypt.China,and（probably）Indiaall

developedasystemofwriting.OnlythePeruviancivilizationoftheIncasandtheir

predecessorsdidnotusewritingbut[CIO]inventedasystemofkeeping

recordsonknottedcolor-codedstringsknownasquipu.

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點解析：空格前面是such,后面是介詞of,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。由空格

所在句之前的兩個句子可知，如果沒有文字，世界上將會沒有許多東西。此處應(yīng)填

入lists”清單，名單”，指代上文所羅列的物品，故H為答案。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識點解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號之前是完整的被動句，所以逗號之后的成分

應(yīng)是狀語或定語。結(jié)合空格后的bythetechnologycfwritingoverthousandsofyears

可以判斷，此處應(yīng)填入動詞的過去分詞，作后置定語。備選動詞中的sh叩cd”形

成，影響''符合句意，故L為答案。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and連接了兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，and之前是動賓結(jié)構(gòu)

proclaimedtheirauthority,而and之后的并列結(jié)構(gòu)只有賓語iheirlaws,因此空格處

應(yīng)填入動詞的過去式。結(jié)合前半句句意“古代君王宣告其權(quán)力''可以判斷，備選動詞

中的promulgated”頒布實施，公布”符合句意，這里指頒布法律，故I為答案。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點解析：空格前為介詞ihrough,后為and連接的并列謂語，由此可知空格處

應(yīng)填入名詞，作介詞through的賓語?？崭袂懊娴膭釉~短語passedon的意思是

“把……傳給……”，此處要表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是宗教傳統(tǒng)以書面形式代代相傳。結(jié)合備選

名詞可知，generations"一代（人）”符合句意，故E為答案。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前的連詞and連接的兩個并列成分應(yīng)該是相

同的結(jié)構(gòu)。and之前是被動結(jié)構(gòu)wasachieved,那么and之后的結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)該是被動

結(jié)構(gòu)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入動詞的過去分詞形式。結(jié)合句意“科技的進(jìn)步通過文字獲

得并"可以判斷，備選動詞中的disseminated”廣泛傳播，散布”符合句意。

disseminate指傳播信息、知識等，故D為答案。

6、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識點解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前是謂語動詞bear,空格后是名詞

resemblance,因此空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作定語，修飾其后的名詞。結(jié)合句意“沒有

文字的世界和我們目前所生活的世界相似之處''可知，空格處應(yīng)填入具有

否定含義的形容詞。備選形容詞中，scant”缺乏的，不足的”符合句意，這里指沒

有多少相似之處,故K為答案。句中含有一個固定用法bearlittle。noresemblance

iosth.,意為“與某事物無相似之處”。

7、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O

知識點解析：空格前面是冠詞a,后面是名詞necessity,因此空格處應(yīng)填入非元音

音素開頭的形容詞，并由此可排除A項ample。結(jié)合句意，備選形容詞中的

virtual"幾乎的"符合句意，這里指文字對于社會而言幾乎是必需的，故。為答案。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：空格前面是be動詞的否定形式arenot,后面是過去分詞involved,

且句子成分完整，因此空格處應(yīng)填入副詞，修飾involved?？崭袼诜志涫且粋€非

限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ilsmembers。結(jié)合句意”...社會成員的經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)

化，其中許多成員并未參與食品的采購或生產(chǎn)”可以判斷，備選副詞中的

directly“直接地”符合句意，這里指直接參與，故C為答案。

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識點解析：空格前面是冠詞a,后面是名詞system,因此空格處應(yīng)填入非元音音

素開頭的形容詞，并由此可排除A項ample。結(jié)合備選形容詞可知，

sophisticated“復(fù)雜的”符合句意，這里指文明需要復(fù)雜的記錄保存系統(tǒng)，故M為答

案。

10、[C10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點解析：空格前表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連接兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格后面的動詞過

去式invenled可知，but連接的是并列謂語，第二個并列謂語是完整的動賓結(jié)構(gòu)，

因此空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。結(jié)合前半句句意“只有秘魯印加文明及其祖先沒有使用文

字''和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判斷，備選副詞中的instead“相反，而”符合句意，這生指

秘魯印加文明及其祖先反而自己發(fā)明了一套保存記錄的系統(tǒng)，故G為答案。

二、選擇題(本題共70題，每題分，共10分。)

(1)Howtheytoiledandsweatedtogetthehayin!Buttheireffortswererewarded,forthe

harvestwasanevenbiggersuccessthantheyhadhoped.(2)Sometimestheworkwas

hard;theimplementshadbeendesignedforhumanbeingsandnotforanimals,anditwas

agreatdrawbackthatnoanimalwasabletouseanytoolthatinvolvedstandingonhis

hindlegs.Butthepigsweresocleverthattheycouldthinkofawayroundevery

difficulty.Asforthehorses,theykneweveryinchofthefield,andinfactunderstoodthe

businessofmowingandrakingfarbellerthanJunesandhismenhadeverdune.Thepigs

didnotactuallywork,butdirectedandsupervisedtheothers.Withtheirsuperior

knowledgeitwasnaturalthattheyshouldassumetheleadership.BoxerandClover

wouldharnessthemselvestothecutterorthehorse-rakeandtrampsteadilyroundand

roundthefieldwithapigwalkingbehindandcallingout"Geeup,comrade\"or"Whoa

back,comrade!"asthecasemightbe.Andeveryanimaldowntothehumblestworkedat

turningthehayandgatheringit.Eventheducksandhenstoiledtoandfroalldayinthe

sun,carryingtinywispsofhayintheirbeaks.Intheend,theyfinishedtheharvestintwo

days'lesstimethanithadusuallytakenJonesandhismen.Moreover,itwasthebiggest

harvestthatthefarmhadeverseen.Therewasnowastagewhatever;thehensandducks

withtheirsharpeyeshadgathereduptheverylaststalk.Andnotananimalonthefarm

hadstolensomuchasamouthful.（3）Allthroughthatsummertheworkofthefarmwent

likeclockwork.Theanimalswerehappyastheyhadneverconceiveditpossibletobe.

Everymouthfuloffoodwasanacutepositivepleasure,nowthatitwastrulytheirown

food,producedbythemselvesandforthemselves,notdoledouttothembyagrudging

master.Withtheworthlessparasitical（寄生的）humanbeingsgone,therewasmorefor

everyonetoeat.Therewasmoreleisuretoo,inexperiencedthoughtheanimalswere.

Theymetwithmanydifficulties-forinstance,laterintheyear,whentheyharvestedthe

corn,theyhadtotreaditoutintheancientstyleandblowawaythechaffwiththeir

breath,sincethefarmpossessednothreshingmachine-butthepigswiththeircleverness

andBoxerwithhistremendousmusclesalwayspulledthemthrough.Boxerwasthe

admirationofeverybody.HehadbeenahardworkereveninJones'stime,butnowhe

seemedmorelikethreehorsesthanone;thereweredayswhentheentireworkofthefarm

seemedtorestonhismightyshoulders.Frommorningtonighthewaspushingand

pulling,alwaysatthespotwheretheworkwashardest.Hehadmadeanarrangement

withoneofthecockerelstocallhiminthemorningshalfanhourearlierthananyone

else,andwouldputinsomevolunteerlaboratwhateverseemedtobemostneeded,

beforetheregularday'sworkbegan.Hisanswertoeveryproblem,everysetback,was"I

willworkharder!"—whichhehadadoptedashispersonalmotto.（4）Buteveryone

workedaccordingtohiscapacity.Thehensandducks,forinstance,savedfivebushelsof

cornattheharvestbygatheringupthestraygrains.Nobodystole,nobodygrumbledover

hisrations,thequarrellingandbitingandjealousywhichhadbeennormalfeaturesoflife

intheolddayshadalmostdisappeared.Nobodyshirked-oralmostnobody.Mollie,it

wastrue,wasnotgoodatgettingupinthemornings,andhadawayofleavingwork

earlyonthegroundthattherewasastoneinherhoof.Andthebehaviorofthecatwas

somewhatpeculiar.Itwassoonnoticedthatwhentherewasworktobedonethecat

couldneverbefound.Shewouldvanishforhoursonend,andthenreappearatmeal-

times,orintheeveningafterworkwasover,asthoughnothinghadhappened.Butshe

alwaysmadesuchexcellentexcuses,andpurredsoaffectionately,thatitwasimpossible

nottobelieveinhergoodintentions.OldBenjamin,thedonkey,seemedquiteunchanged

sincetheRebellion.Hedidhisworkinthesameslowobstinate（頑固的）wayashehad

doneitinJones'stime,nevershirkingandnevervolunteeringforextraworkeither.

AbouttheRebellionanditsresultshewouldexpressnoopinion.Whenaskedwhetherhe

wasnothappiernowthatJoneswasgone,hewouldsayonly"Donkeyslivealongtime.

Noneofyouhaseverseenadeaddonkey,"andtheothershadtobecontentwiththis

cryptic（含義隱晦的）answer.

11、Whatisthemoralimpliedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B、Allbeingsarecreatedequal.

C、Factsspeaklouderthanwords.

D^Slowandsteadywinstherace.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干提示定位到原文前兩段。第一段是整體敘述，提到動

物們努力工作，所得到的收獲也比預(yù)期的要多。第二段具體描寫了動物們勤勞工作

的場面：他們克服了不少困難，從指揮者到勞作者都很盡力，而且大家都沒有偷

吃，顆粒歸公?？梢姡@兩段主要說明的就是天道酬勤，故A為答案。前兩段雖

然提到了大家都在努力工作，沒有偷懶或偷吃的，但是這兩段的主要意思并不是要

說明“眾生平等”，故排除B；C“事實勝于雄辯”和D“慢工出細(xì)活”在文中并沒有依

據(jù)，故均排除。

12、lbgainabiggerharvest,theanimalsmainlyovercamedifficultiesintheaspect

of.

A、theirphysicalcapacity

toolapplication

C>experienceaccumulation

D、theirintelligencelevel

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞。vercamedifficulties定位到原文第二段和第三

段。第二段首句就指出，有時候工作是很難做的，人類使用的工具對動物并不一定

合適，因為那些工具都應(yīng)該直立著才能使用；而第二段第六句提到動物們遇到不少

困難，并在隨后說明由于沒有脫粒機(jī)，只能用古老的方法勞作。由此可見，他們遇

到的主要困難是沒有適宜的工具可以使用，故B為答案。作者提到了所有動物都

不遺余力，并且還特別提到了體力出眾的拳擊手，可見，動物們在體力方面沒有困

難，故排除A；作者在第二段第三句指出馬對耕田的事比人類的工人還要在行，可

見，動物們不缺少經(jīng)驗，故排除C；而文中第二段第四句和第五句指出小豬們是領(lǐng)

導(dǎo)者，作者也說他們非常聰明，指揮得當(dāng)，故D也應(yīng)排除。

13、WhatattitudedoesthedonkeyholdtowardstheRebellion?

A、Pessimistic.

B、Wait-and-see.

C、Fervent.

D、Sarcastic.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞donkey定位至原文最后一段最后五句。日定

位句可知，驢子在勞動中的表現(xiàn)是一如既往，對造反前后的變化不發(fā)表意見，別人

問他是否感到更幸福，他說驢子的壽命很長，潛在的意思是時間還長，造反后是否

更好現(xiàn)在還言之過早。由此可以推知，他的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是觀望，故B為答案。驢子

對造反沒有明確表過態(tài)，行為也和造反前沒有什么變化，可見，驢子既不悲觀也不

興奮，也沒有予以諷刺，因此排除A、C和D。

(1)Noteveryself-drivingcarcompanyisahi-tcchunicorneagertodisruptthestatus

quo.Thelatestfirmtoinvitejournaliststoexperienceitsautonomoustechnologyisthe

epitomeoftraditionalcarmanufacturing:Ford.(2)OnitssprawlingcampusinDearborn,

Michigan,thecentury-oldcompanyistryingitshardesttolookandactlikeanewstartup.

InMarch,FordlaunchedasubsidiarycalledFordSmartMobility(FSM)todevelopin-

carconnectivity,ride-sharingandautonomoustechnologies.FSMisdesignedtocompete

likeastartup,withtheaimoftranslatingFord'sdecadeofworkinautonomoussystems

intorealproducts.Atitsfirstpublicautonomousvehicledemos,youngengineersand

entrepreneurswereenthusedaboutreinventingourtraffic-cloggedcities.(3)"We're

rethinkingourentirebusinessmodel,"saidMarkFields,Ford'sCEO."It'snolonger

abouthowmanyvehicleswecansell.It'saboutwhatserviceswecanprovide.We

understandthattheworldhaschangedfromamindsetofowningvehiclestooneof

owningandsharingthem.*'Thathasledtosomequirky(古怪的)investments,suchas

Ford'sacquisitionlastweekofaSanFrancisco-basedcrowdsharingshuttlebusstartup

calledChariot,andapartnershiptoprovidethecitywiththousandsofhuman-powered

bikesforaride-sharingscheme.(4)ButwhileFord'scarsalesarefairlyhealthytoday,

Fieldsforeseesaworldtransformedbydriverlesscars,Uberandclimatechange."You

couldarguethatinmajorcities,vehicledensitywilldropbecauseofautomatedvehicles

andcongestioncharges.Somecitiesmightevenoutlawpersonaluseofvehicles."Oneof

Ford'sstrategiestocopewiththisistoaccelerateitseffortstowardsafullyautonomous

car.FieldsnowsaysFordwillhaveacompletelyself-drivingcar,withoutasteering

wheel,anacceleratororpedals,inproductionby2021.Itwillinitiallybeusedonlyfor

robotictaxiservicesinrestrictedurbanareasbutshouldbeavailableforconsumersto

purchasebythemiddleofthedecade.(5)Ford'snewfoundconfidenceinself-drivingcars

comesjustasthetechnology'spioneersarestrugglingtomaturebeyondthissamegee-

whizenthusiasm.Google'sself-drivingproject,perennially(永久地)poisedtobespun

oulintoaseparatecompany,recentlylostkeymembers,whileAppleisrumoredtohave

laidoffdozensofengineersandscaledbackitsambitiousplanstobuilditsown

autonomousvehicle.(6)ButotherrivalsstillseemyearsaheadofFord.Uberis

beginningadriverlesstaxipilotinPittsburghthisweek(albeitwithahumansafety

driver),andstartupNutonomyisalreadyofferingrobotictaxiridesinSingapore.To

judgebyMonday'sdemos,ontheotherhand,Ford'sself-drivingFusionsarcstillspooked

(驚嚇)bybushesgrowingtooclosetotheroadandparalyzedwithindecisionwhen

confrontedwithpedestrianswhomayormaynotbeabi)uttostepoffthepavement.(7)

Itsfleetofdevelopmentcars,currentlyjust10strong,looksthincomparedwithGoogle's

dozensofcarsoperatingacrosstheU.S.,orthethousandsofautopilot-enabledTeslas

gatheringmillionsofmilesofreal-worlddatamonthly.Fordaimstohave30autonomous

Fusionsbytheendof2016,andabout100bytheendof2017.(8)ButalthoughFordmay

appeartobelaggingbehind,ithasbeenworkingquietlybehindthescenes.Severalself-

drivingstartups,includingUber,FaradayFutureandAutonomouStuff,arealreadyusing

FordFusions(oritsnearequivalent,theLincolnMKZ)todeveloptheirown

technologies."It'stheabsolutebestvehiclerightnowfortestingself-driving/'says

BobbyHambrick,CEOofAutonomouStuff,acompanydevelopingretro-fitautomated

drivingkits."Therearenoothercarmakersthataresoopentoworkthroughthirdparties

likeus.H(9)Fieldsalsopointstothemultinational'scompetenciesinbuildingandselling

vehicles."We'vebeenworkingonautonomousvehiclesforover10years,"hesaid.,And

for100years,we'vebuilthigh-volumeproductwithqualityandaffordability.n(10)

Fieldsfinishedhiskeynoteaddressbypredictingthatautonomousvehicleswillhaveas

biganimpactonsocietyasHenryFord'smovingassemblylinedidacenturyago.Hewill

behopingthatFordwillstillbearoundtocelebratethecentenaryoftheautonomouscar.

14^Ford'sstrategiesinlinewiththetraffic-jammedworldincludeallthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、investingintosomeeccentricinventions

B、transferringitsoperationconception

C^hasteningitsdevelopmentofautonomousvehicles

D、gettinginvolvedinsomesharingprojects

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞［raffic-jammed定位至原文笫二段末尾。作

者在此提到福特致力于重塑交通擁堵的城市，其后的第三段第一至四句引用其首席

執(zhí)行官的原話，指出福特的經(jīng)營理念由關(guān)注銷售轉(zhuǎn)為注重服務(wù)，該段第五句則提到

了福特參與的一些分享型公共交通項目，A“投資一些稀奇古怪的發(fā)明”是對第三段

第五句的曲解，原文的意思是福特做了一些看起來與其業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)聯(lián)不大的，看似古怪

的投資，故A為本題答案。B和D是福特應(yīng)對交通擁堵的策略；而在第四段第四

句中作者明確提到，應(yīng)對交通需求變化的一個策略是加速研發(fā)全自動汽車，故C

也符合文義。

15、WhichofthefollowingcanweinferaboutthestatusofFord'sself^drivingscheme?

A^Itisfarbehinditsrivalsintechnology.

Ithasmadeabreakthroughincertainaspects.

C^Ilisanimpulsiveactivitywithoutmaturedesign.

D^Itisrestrictedinasmall-scaletrialoperation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。本題需要依據(jù)全文主要信息推斷。文章從第二段至倒數(shù)第二

段均在說明福特?zé)o人駕駛項目的情況，其中在第八段中提到，福特的無人駕駛項目

雖然看似落后于對手，但一些該領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)企業(yè)卻選用了它的重要部件，并對它的

服務(wù)表示了肯定。可見，它在某些領(lǐng)域還是實現(xiàn)了突破，故B為答案。A“在技術(shù)

方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其競爭對手”是對第八段第一句的曲解，原文是一個轉(zhuǎn)折句，前半

句說福特看似落在后面，但卻做了很多幕后工作，可見，福特并非真正落后，故排

除A；第五段第一句提到，福特對進(jìn)入無人駕駛汽車市場的信心來自于先驅(qū)們已經(jīng)

在狂熱之后走向了成熟，可見，它的全自動項目不是一時沖動的決定，因此排除

C；第七段開頭雖然提到福特全自動項目目前規(guī)模較小，但是也提到了它在未來幾

年中迅速擴(kuò)大的計劃，故D也應(yīng)排除。

16、What'stheauthor'sattitudetotheprospectofFord'sautonomouscarproject?

A、Utterlyoptimistic.

B、Fairlypessimistic.

C、Basicallyneutral.

D、Somewhatperplexed.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。解答本題需綜合全文信息。作者開篇提出話題，即老牌汽車

企業(yè)福特研發(fā)無人駕駛新項目，隨后介紹了它的研發(fā)理念、戰(zhàn)略和一些技術(shù)發(fā)展情

況，其中也將其與同領(lǐng)域的競爭對手相比較，分析了它的優(yōu)劣，結(jié)尾部分簡單引用

了福特首席執(zhí)行官的觀點。盡管福特當(dāng)家人對這個項目表現(xiàn)得自信滿滿，但作者在

行文中還是十分客觀地分析了福特面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和問題，當(dāng)然同時也指出了它的優(yōu)

勢?？梢姡髡叽笾逻€是持不偏不倚的態(tài)度，因此C為答案。問題和優(yōu)勢兼顧。

挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇并存，這是作者在文章中明確表現(xiàn)出來的，因此A和B均可排除；作

者從基本情況的介紹到競爭優(yōu)劣的分析均井井有條，沒有表現(xiàn)出疑惑，故排除D。

17、Whichcategoryofwritingdocsthepassagebelongto?

A、Narration.

Exposition.

C、Persuasion.

D、Description.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：體裁題。從全文的整體內(nèi)容考慮，作者主要是介紹了福特公司建立新

項目，研發(fā)無人駕駛汽車的基本情況，同時也順帶介紹了它的主要競爭對手的狀

況，以分析和解釋福特新項目面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇，最后引用該公司首席執(zhí)行官的話

進(jìn)行結(jié)篇。從核心意義和寫作手法考慮，作者都是在力圖說明一件事，囚此答案為

Bo文章并沒有從頭到尾介紹一個完整事件或是詳細(xì)描述某個事物，因此排除A和

D：作者雖然進(jìn)行了一些分析，也引用了一些觀點，但并未明確表明自己的立場和

確立自己的論點，C不符合題意，故排除。

(1)Therobotsinmoviesandsciencefictionbooksthatriseuptotakeovertheworld

generallyareabletodosobecausewehaveplacedtheminchargeofmissiles,defense

systemsandothermilitarytechnology.(2)Weneverseeadisgruntled(不滿的，不高興

的),order-takingbotworkingatMcDonald'sorDomino'scastoffitsvirtualhairnetto

gainsentienceandoverthrowitsfast-foodoverlord.Butfastfood,alongwithshipping

warehouses,hasbecomeahotbedfbrrobotsandotherautomatedtechnology.

McDonald'shasbeentestingorderingkiosks,Domino'shasnumerouswaystoplacean

orderthatdonotinvolvetalkingwithahumanbeing,andStarbuckshasusedtechnology

toshiftemployeesawayfromordertakingtoputthemintoproduction.Itmaynotbea

fantasticUtopiawhereRosiefromTheJetsonsdoesourlaundry,butrobot/automated

technologyhasclearlyinfiltrated(潛入，滲入)fastfood.(3)Il'snotaquestionof

whetherautomationwillcome;it'soneofwhetheritwillmakestoresmoreefficientor

allowthemtogetridofhumanworkers.Starbucks,forexample,hasusedautomationto

allowittomoveworkersintomakingdrinksratherthantakingorders,butithasnotyet

cutitsworkforceinanymeaningfulway.(4)CollegeRecruiter,corn'sStevenRothberg,

whosecompanyworkstofindjobsforstudentsandcollegegraduates,believesthatfast-

foodrobotsarecoming,buthedoesnotthinktheywillsupplanttraditionalworkers."

Manyofthestudentsandsomeoftherecentgradswhouseoursitearcemployedbyfast

foodrestaurants,'*hesaid."There'snodoubtthatautomationwillcontinuetoimpactthe

numberandtypesofjobsinfastfoodrestaurantsbutIdon'tbuytheargumentthat

automatedmethodswillreplacehumanworkersinfastfoodrestaurants.Justlookat

banks.HaveATMsreducedtheneedforhumantellers?Absolutely.ButhaveATMs

comeclosetoeliminatingtheneedforhumantellers?Absolutelynot.n(5)Timothy

Carone,anITprofessor,believesthatautomationwillhappeninrestaurants,butnot

quicklyornecessarilytothedetriment(傷害,損害)offlesh-and-bloodworkers.The

professordoesbelievethatthepathtowardrobotworkerswillbeaslowone.Hesaidthat

theideathatrestaurantsareautomatingduetolaborcostsisonlypartiallytrue.(6)"

Automationwouldoccuratmuchlowerlaborcoststhanexisttodayorinthefuturebut

automationcostsmoney,'hesaid,notingthattheexpensewilllowerovertime.nWhcthcr

arestaurantbecomespartiallyorfullyautomatedshoulddependonitscustomersand

locations.Fast-foodfranchiseslocatedanywherearefindingtheircustomersvalue

automation.Restaurantsatairportsorsimilarlocationsthatprovideacaptiveaudience

butnoloyaltyexceptforbrandloyaltywillfindautomationnecessaryandvaluedby

customers-fasterisbetter."(7)DonaldMazzela,aboardmemberofthenonprofit

NationalRoboticsEducationFoundation,saidhisgrouphasbeenlookingattheissueof

robotsinrestaurantsforthreeyears,notingthatroboticinteractionisbeingtaughtin

culinary(烹飪的)andhospitalitycoursesthroughouttheworld."Inourlateststudy,we

estimatetheaveragefastfoodestablishmentwillswitch1.2workersfromcounter

servicetoothertasksasremoteordertaking,deliverybyroboticapplicationsgrow,"he

wrote.(8)Heexpectsthetippingpointwillbeby2025.Theindustry,heexplained,needs

timetoeducatecustomers,butthatwillhappen,hesaid,becausethebenefitsaresimply

toostrong.Hecitedmachinescountingchange,sensors,andothertoolsmakinginventory

(庫存；*青單)morepreciseandtheabilitytorelayordersdirectlytotheprepareaasa

waytodecreasewaste.It'sgoingtobeagradualchange,butifsgoingtohappen,

Mazzelawrote.(9)AchangeiscomingandFredGoff,CEOofJobcase,asocialmedia

platformhelpingworkerswithoutcollegedegreesfindmeaningfuljobs,believesworkers

shouldembraceit.Hesaidthatrobotswillperformsomejobstypicallydonebyhumans,

butthatwillalsocreateopportunityforflesh-and-bloodworkers.nConcernsabout

technologydisplacingjobshasbeenaconstantLudditethemethroughouttheInformation

Revolution,andinfactsincetheIndustrialRevolution,'hewrote.Goffexplainedinhis

emailthatinabroadsensetechnologytendstocreatemoreopportunitythanitdisplaces.

(10)"Itisnottobefeared,butitmustbemanaged,"hewrote."Thechallenge—and

opportunity—forworkersisforpeopletotakecontroloftheirownwork-lifeand

navigatethepositiveimpactssothattheyaren'toverwhelmedbythenegativeimpactsof

technologicalprogress.Keepopentochangeandkeepmovingforward."

18、Theauthorsuggeststhatautomationwillhumanworkforce.

A、substitute

B、harass

C、surpass

D、reforge

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。本題的解答需綜合文章第三段之后各段的主要信息。關(guān)于自

動化對人力資源的影響，作者從第三段起提出討論，并在隨后各段引用了相關(guān)專家

的觀點。由第四段可知，自動化不會消除對人力的需求，第五段指出它未必會危害

到人類雇員，但是從第三段和第七段中都可看出自動化會讓人類工人轉(zhuǎn)崗，工作性

質(zhì)發(fā)生變化，文章最后一段也提出工人們要學(xué)會應(yīng)對變化并不斷進(jìn)步?？梢?，自動

化對人力資源的性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)有重塑的作用，故D為答案。第五段第一句明確說明

自動化不一定會危害到人類工人，故排除B；第四段和第九段都提到自動化不會取

代人工，故A與原文不符，也應(yīng)排除；至于自動化會超越人類，這個說法只是作

者用于引入話題的調(diào)侃，對兩者關(guān)系的論述并沒有提到這一點，故排除C。

19、AccordingtoCarone,restaurantsthatmaybepioneersinthepathto

automation.

A、havenewwaystoeducatecustomers

B、providevaluedserviceforcustomers

C^don'iexpectregularcustomers

D、wishtogreatlyreducelaborcosts

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點露析：推斷題。眼據(jù)題干中的人名關(guān)鍵詞Carone定位至文章第五段和第六

段。在第六段中，卡羅內(nèi)說處于機(jī)場等類似場所的餐廳會更傾向于發(fā)展自動化技

術(shù)，因為速度是它們最需要追求的。而這類餐廳的客戶特點是“非情愿”，即由于時

間和可選范圍的限制不得已登門光顧，最多只有品牌忠誠度，而對某個特定的營業(yè)

點沒有特定喜好，很難成為“回頭客”，故C為答案。相關(guān)段落沒有提到是否有辦

法教育消費者的問題，故排除A；B是對原文第六段最后一句的曲解.，原文的意思

是客戶最注重的就是速度，一定要快，故排除；降低人工成本是每一個使用自動化

的餐廳共同的目的之一，不能說明哪類餐廳會更青睞于使用自動化，故排除D。

20、Attheendofthepassage,Goffurgedtheworkerstodothefollowing

EXCEPT.

A^toeliminateunnecessaryanxiety

B>toredesigntheircareers

C、tolearntoharnesstherobots

D^toadapttothesituation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點露斤：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至文章最后一段。該段引用了一個人力資

源網(wǎng)站首席執(zhí)行它戈夫的話，他對工人們提出了一些建議，這包括第一句中的“不

必要擔(dān)心”、第二句中提到的“控制自己的職業(yè)生涯”和最后一句中提到的“隨時準(zhǔn)

備應(yīng)對變化“?？梢?，A、B和D都是戈夫敦促工人們做的事情，均應(yīng)排除。而戈

夫要求工人們學(xué)會駕馭的不是機(jī)器人，而是自動化帶來的正面影響，故C與原文

不符，為本題答案。

三、簡答題（本題共5題，每題分，共5分。）

PassageOne

21、Howcanwedescribethoseanimalsengagedinhardwork?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Enthusiastic,cheerful,responsibleandunited.

知識點解析：語義題。原文對于勞動場面的描寫主要集中在第二段和第三段。每一

個動物都盡心盡力。各盡其職，連小動物都很負(fù)責(zé)任地把田里的草梗一根不漏地?fù)?/p>

回來。動物們克服了很多困難，獲得了前所未有的大豐收，他們過得十分幸福，且

沒有偷吃的，能夠做到顆粒歸公，故答案為“Enthusiastic,cheerful,responsible

andunited.”。

22、WhattypeofpeopleinhumansocietymayMollieandthecatsymbolize?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Thosewhoalwaystakeadvantageofthemoment./Thosewhoare

opportunistic.

知識點解析：推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Mollieandthecat定位到原文最后一段第五句

至第九句。定位句指出，茉莉不肯按時起床，有些偷懶，并且還使用心計，說有石

頭夾在蹄子里，于是提前下工；而貓則會在有拈兒要干的時候失蹤，泡兒一千完，

她就若無其事地回來了，并且會為自己的行為找到適當(dāng)?shù)慕杩?。這樣的表現(xiàn)即影射

人類社會中那些投機(jī)取巧的人，故答案為“Thosewhoalwaystakeadvantageofthe

moment.”或“Thosewhoareopportunistic.

PassageTwo

23、Whatdoestheword"That"inPara.3referto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheDewbusinessconceptofFord'sCEO.

知識點解析?：語義題。由題干提示定位到原文第三段第五句。該句提到“這引發(fā)了

一些離奇古怪的投資……”對于代詞that的理解則需要回溯到前面的內(nèi)容。由該段

前四句可以推知，福特首席執(zhí)行官馬克.菲爾茨對于整體商業(yè)模式的重新考慮和思

維模式的轉(zhuǎn)變導(dǎo)致了福特進(jìn)行一些看似奇怪的投資，故答案為“TheDewbusiness

conceptofFord'sCEO.

PassageThree

24、WhatdoesMazzelameanbysaying"thetippingpointwillbeby2025"inPara.8?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Realautomationinthefast-foodindustrywillcomeby2025.

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干提示定位到原文第八段第一句。原文第七、八段引用

了非營利組織國家自動叱教育基金會革事會成員梅佐拉的觀點。第七段指出自動化

正在發(fā)展的過程之中，隨后說臨界點將要到來，而在第八段中比較明確地說明了這

個臨界點指的是餐廳能夠利用自動化提高工作效率和產(chǎn)能?？梢姡@個臨界點指的

是快餐業(yè)真正的自動化變革，故答案為"Realautomationinthefast-foodindustrywill

comeby2025.

25、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：AreRobotsTakingOverFastFoodRestaurants?

知識點解析：主旨題。解答本題需綜合全文信息。文章先用小說、電影中關(guān)于機(jī)器

人占領(lǐng)世界的橋段作為引子，之后介紹了一些快餐業(yè)近期探索使用自動化技術(shù)的情

況，提出對自動化是否會完全取代人類工人的討論，并在文章的后半部分大量引用

了求職、教育等不同領(lǐng)域多個專家的看法，闡明在快餐業(yè)，自動化一定會有深入發(fā)

展，但不會取代人類工人的論點。因此，標(biāo)題可以總結(jié)為“機(jī)器人是否會占領(lǐng)快餐

廳?”，與開篇的風(fēng)格保持一致，故答案為“ArcRobotsTakingOverFastFood

Restaurants?”。

專業(yè)英語四級（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、選擇題（本題共70題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

（1）EdnaO'BrienhaslivedinLondonforafewdecades,butshespeaks,asshewrites,in

avoiceinflectedwiththerhythmsandaccentsofthewestofIreland,whereshegrewup.

Shecallsherself"anexile（放逐者）"，likehergreatliteraryforebears,JoyceandBeckett,

whomshereveres,andpointsoutthatexiles"tendnottogoback',."TheplaceIgrewup

inismyimagery,mygeographyofmindandpen,"shesays."Buttolivethereagain..."

Uncharacteristically（II洞尋常地）,sheleavesthethoughtuncompleted,preferringto

directmetothefinalsceneofhernewmemoir,CountryGirl,inwhichshemeetsan

IrishwomaninthestreetwhotellsheraboutherauntinDublinbeforeadding,"Butwe

liveherenow."O'Brienagrees-."'Wedo,'Isaid,anditwasasifthetwocountries

warredandjostledandmadefriends,insideme,likethetwohalvesofmywarringself.”

（2）Formostofthelatterhalfofherexile-some25years一O'Brienhaslivedina"book-

laden"houseinthecosmopolitandistrictofKnightsbridge,afive-minutewalkfrom

Harrods,London'smostfamousdepartmentstore.ExpensivesportscarsandSUVsline

thepavements,andtheshopsarcexclusiveboutiques,whicharcthefavoriteof

fashionableelegantladies.Mostofthehouseshavestepsleadinguptoglossyfrontdoors,

butO'Brien'sisreachedbyadarkalleythatrunstoasideentrance.Amongthemoneyed

anonymityoftheneighborhood,itfeelssetapart.Thereisaleather-boundeditionof

Shakespear