材料力學(xué)雙語教學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)資料

_材料力學(xué)雙語教學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)資料3正文

第一篇：_材料力學(xué)雙語教學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)資料3

材料力學(xué)雙語教學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)資料3

主講教師：陳曉峰

第七章應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變分析強度理論

ChapterSevenStressandStrainprincipaIstressesare

notequaItozero.

二向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)：一■個主應(yīng)力為零的應(yīng)力狀A(yù)naIysisStrength

Theories

§7-1應(yīng)力》失態(tài)概述

§7-1ConceptsoftheStateofStress

1.一■點的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)：過一■點有無數(shù)的截面，

這一點的各個截面上應(yīng)力情況的集合，稱為這點的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。

stateofstressatapoint:TherearecountIesssections

throughapoint.Thegatheringof

stressesinaIIsectionsiscalledthestateofstress

atthispoint.

2.單元體：構(gòu)件內(nèi)的點的代表物，是包圍被研究點的無限小

的幾何體，常用的是正六面體。

EIement:DeIegateofapointinthemember.11isan

infinitesimaIgeometricbodyenveIopingthestudiedpoint.

Incommonuseitisacorrectitudecubicbody.

3.主單元體：各側(cè)面上剪應(yīng)力均為零的單元體。

prinoipaIeIement:TheeIementinwhichtheshearing

stressesinsidepIanesareaIIzero.4.主平面：剪應(yīng)

力為零的截面。

PrincipalPIanes:ThepIanesonwhichtheshearing

stressesarezero.

5.主應(yīng)力：主平面上的正應(yīng)力。

principalstresses:NormaIstressesactingonthe

principlepIanes.

6.主應(yīng)力排列規(guī)定；按代數(shù)值大小

123Conventionoftheorderforthree

principalstresses:InmagnitudeoftheaIgebraiovaIue.

7.三向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)：三個主應(yīng)力都不為零的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。

stateofthetriaxiaIstress(threedimensionaIstate

ofstress):StateofstressthataIIthethree

7

太

o

stateofthebiaxialstress(planestateofstress):

stateofstressthatoneprincipalstressisequaIto

zero.

單向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)：一個主應(yīng)力不為零的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)

stateoftheuniaxialstress(unidirectionaIstateof

stress):stateofstressthatoneprincipalstressis

notequaItozero.

§7-2二向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)分析---解析法§7-2Analysisof

theStateofPIaneStress-

AnalyticalMethod

1.任意斜截面上的應(yīng)力：stressesactingin

arbitraryincIinedpIane

2.正負(fù)規(guī)定：截面外法線同向為正；

繞研究對象順時針轉(zhuǎn)為正；

逆時針為正。

SignStipuIate:ispositiveifitsdirectionisthe

samewithoneoftheexternaInormaIIineofthesection;

ispositiveifitmaketheeIementrotatecIockwise;

A

countercIockwiseangIeisconsideredtobepositive.

§7-3二向應(yīng)力狀態(tài)分析----圖解法§7-3Analysisof

theStateofPIaneStress—

GraphicaIMethod

1.應(yīng)力圓：stresscircle

2.單元體與應(yīng)力圓的對應(yīng)關(guān)系:

CorrespondingreIationbetweentheeIementandstress

circle

(1)面上的應(yīng)力(應(yīng)力圓上一點(

)

(2)面的法線應(yīng)力圓的半徑

(3)兩面夾角兩半徑夾角2;且轉(zhuǎn)向一致。

(1)stress(,)inpIaneapoint(

)onthestresscircumference

(2)normaIIineofpIaneradiusofthestresscircle

(3)angIebetweentwosectionsangle2betweentwo

radiuses;Andthedirectionofrotationisthesame.

§7-10強度理論概述

§7-10ConceptsofStrengthTheories1.材料的破壞形式:

⑴屈服(2)斷裂：typesoffailureofmaterials:(1)

yieId(2)rupture

2.強度理論：是關(guān)于“構(gòu)件發(fā)生強度失效起因”的假說。

theoriesofstrength:someassumptionsaboutthecause

ofthestrengthfailureofmateriaIs.

§7-11四種常用強度理論

§7-11FourCommonUsedStrengthTheories1.最大拉應(yīng)

力(第一強度)理論：

認(rèn)為構(gòu)件的斷裂是由最大拉應(yīng)力引起的。當(dāng)最大拉應(yīng)力達到

單向拉伸的強度極限時，構(gòu)件就斷了。

theoryofthemaximumtensiIestress(thefirststrength

theory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofrupturetobe

themaximumtensiIestress.ThememberwiIIruptureas

themaximumtensiIestressreachesthestrengthlimit

inaxialtension.2.最大伸長線應(yīng)變(第二強度)理論：

認(rèn)為構(gòu)件的斷裂是由最大伸長線應(yīng)變引起的。當(dāng)最大伸長線

應(yīng)變達到單向拉伸試驗下的極限應(yīng)變時，構(gòu)件就斷了

TheoryofthemaximumtensiIestrain(thesecondstrength

theory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofrupturetobe

themaximumtensiIestrain.ThememberwiIIruptureas

themaximumtensiIestrainreachestheIimitstrainin

axialtension3.最大剪應(yīng)力(第三強度)理論：

認(rèn)為構(gòu)件的屈服是由最大剪應(yīng)力引起的。當(dāng)最大剪應(yīng)力達到

單向拉伸試驗的極限剪應(yīng)力時，構(gòu)件就破壞了。

Theoryofthemaximumshearingstress(thethirdstrength

theory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofrupturetobe

themaximumshearingstress.ThememberwiIIruptureas

themaximumshearingstressreachesthelimitshearing

stressinaxialtension.4.畸變能密度(第四強度)理論：

認(rèn)為構(gòu)件的屈服是由形狀改變比能引起的。當(dāng)形狀改變比能

達到單向拉伸試驗屈服時的形狀改變比能時，構(gòu)件就破壞了。

TheoryofthedistortionaIenergydensity(thefourth

strengththeory):

Thistheoryconsidersthemaincauseofyieldtobethe

distortionaIstrainenergy.ThememberwiIIruptureas

thedistortionaIstrainenergyreachesthedistortionaI

strainenergyofyieldinaxialtension

5.相當(dāng)應(yīng)力:equivaIentstress6.斷裂準(zhǔn)則:criterionof

rupture屈月艮準(zhǔn)貝|J:criterionofyield

第八章組合變形

ChapterEightCompositeDeformation

§8-1組合變形彳口疊力口原理§8-1CompositeDeformation

and

SuperpositionPrinciple

1.疊加原理的步驟：

Thestepsforprincipleofsuperposition

①外力分析：外力向形心簡化并沿形心主慣性軸分解

AnaIysisofexternaIforces:ExternaIforcesarereduced

aIongthecentroidofsectionandresoIvedaIong

principalaxesofinertia.

②內(nèi)力分析：求每個外力分量對應(yīng)的內(nèi)力方程和內(nèi)力圖，確

定危險面。

AnalysisofinternaIforces:DeterminetheinternaI

forceequationanditsdiagramcorrespondingtoeach

externaIforcecomponentandthecriticalsection.

③應(yīng)力分析：畫危險面應(yīng)力分布圖，疊加，建立危險點的強

度條件。Analysisofstresses:PIotthedistribution

diagramofthestressinthecriticalsection,dothe

superpositionofthestressesandestabIishthestrength

conditionofthecriticalpoint.

平均應(yīng)力。

Criticalstress:averagestressinthecrosssection

§8-2拉伸(或壓縮)與彎曲的組合

ofthecompressivecoIumninthecritical

state.§8-2CompositeDeformationofTension

(orCompression)andBending2.柔度(或長細(xì)比)：

fIexibiIity

(orsIendernessratio)§8-4扭轉(zhuǎn)與彎曲的組合

§8-4CombinationofTorsionandBending大柔度桿的臨

界應(yīng)力由歐拉公式來求；小柔度桿的臨界應(yīng)力就是它的屈服

極限；中柔度

桿的臨界應(yīng)力由經(jīng)驗公式來求第九章壓桿穩(wěn)定

ThecriticalstressoftheIargefIexibiIitycoIumn

ChapterNineStabiIization

iscaIcuIatedbyEuler,sformuIa.ofCompressive

CoIumns

ThecriticalstressofsmaIIfIexibiIitycoIumnis

itsyieldIimit.§9-1壓桿穩(wěn)定性的概念

ThecriticalstressofthemiddlefIexibiIity§9-1

ConceptsofStabiIityof

coIumnmaybedeterminedbytheempiricaICompressed

CoIumns

formuIa.1.失無急：IossofstabiIity

2.穩(wěn)定與不穩(wěn)定平衡：

stabIeandinstabIeequiIibrium§9-5壓桿的穩(wěn)定校核

3.臨界壓力:criticalpressure§9-5StabiIityCheckof

CompressedCoIumn1.穩(wěn)定安全因數(shù)：safetycoefficientof

stabiIity§9-2兩端較支細(xì)長壓桿的臨界壓力2.穩(wěn)定條

件:stabiIitycondition§9-2CriticalPressureofThe

SIenderCompressedCoIumnWithTwoHingedEnds§9-6

提高壓桿穩(wěn)定性的措施1.歐拉公式：EuIer'sformuIa

§9-6MethodtoImproveStabiIityof2.理想壓桿：材

料絕對理想；軸線絕對直；壓CompressedColumn力絕對沿

軸線作用。1.選擇合理的截面形狀:choosereasonabIe

IdeaIcompressivecoIumn:themateriaIissectionofthe

coIumn:absoIuteIyideaI;theaxisis2.改變壓桿的約束

條件：changeconstraint

conditionofthecoIumnabsoIuteIystraight;the

compressiveforceis

absoIuteIyaIongtheaxisofthecoIumn.3.合理選擇材

料：choosereasonabIemateriaI.

§9-3其它支座條件下細(xì)長壓桿的臨界壓力第十章動載荷

§9-3CriticaIPressureofTheSIenderCompressed

ChapterTenDynamicLoad

CoIumnWithOtherEndConditions

§10-1概述1.長度系數(shù)（約束系數(shù)）：length

coefficient

（orconstraintcoefficient）§10-1Introduction

2.兩端較支：twohingedends1.靜載荷：staticIoads

TheIoadsdon'tchangewithtime（orchange3.一端固

定另端自由：

onefixedendandonefreeendverystabIyandslowly）

andacceIerationofeach

memberiszeroormaybenegIected4.兩端固定：twofixed

ends

5.一端固定另端較支：2.動載荷:dynamicIoadsonefixedend

andonehingedendTheIoadschangesharpIywithtime

andtheveIocityofthememberchangesobviousIy

§9-4歐拉公式的適用范圍經(jīng)驗公式

§9-4AppIicationRangeofEuler'sFormuIa§9-2動

靜法的應(yīng)用EmpiricaIFormuIa§9-2AppIicationofThe

Methodof1.臨界應(yīng)力：壓桿處于臨界狀態(tài)時橫截面上的

KineticStatics

1.慣性力：inertiaforce

2.動荷系數(shù)：dynamicIoadcoefficient

3.達朗伯原理：處于不平衡狀態(tài)的物體，存在慣性力，慣性

力的方向與加速度方向相反，慣性力的數(shù)值等于加速度與質(zhì)

量的乘積。只要在物體上加上慣性力，就可以把動力學(xué)問題

在形式上作為靜力學(xué)問題來處理，這就是動靜法。

D'Alembert'sprinciple:ThereisinertiaIforceonthe

bodyinunequiIibrium.ThedirectionoftheinertiaI

forceisoppositetotheacceIerationofthebodyand

themagnitudeoftheinertiaIforceistheproductof

themassandtheacceIerationofthebody.Afterthe

inertiaIforceisappIiedonthebodythedynamicprobIem

maybedea11withthestaticprobIeminform,whichis

calledthemethodofkineticstatics.

Exercise1:Thestateofstressatapointasshown.

(unit:Mpa),trytodeterminethethreeprincipal

stresses,(eitherbyanalyticalmethodorbygraphicaI

method).Andcomputethe

equivaIentstressofthefourthstrengththeory.

Exercise4:AhoIIowcircuIarshaftisshowninthefigure.

Itsinsidediameterisd=24mmanditsoutsidediameter

isD=30mm.ThediametersofpulleyBandDare

respectivelyD1=400mmandD2=600mm,P1=600N,[]=100MPa.

Trytocheckthestrengthoftheshaftwiththethird

strengththeory.

Exercise5:Acompressedrodproducesthebending

deformationduetotheIossofstabiIity.Abeamproduces

thebendingdeformationduetotheactionoftransverse

forces.Whatarethedifferencesofthetwoinnature?

Exercise2:AcircuIarrodmadeofcastironissubjected

totheIoadsT=7kNm,P=50kNasshowninthefigure.Its

diameterisd=0.1m,[]=40MPa.Trytocheckthe

strengthoftherodaccordingtothetheoryofthefirst

strength.

Exercise3:Thecross-sectionareaofthe

square-sectionrodisreducedhaIfatthesectionmn.

TrytodeterminethemaximumtensiIestressatthe

sectionmnduetotheaxialforceP.

第二篇：雙語學(xué)習(xí)資料

雙語學(xué)習(xí)每周一句內(nèi)容

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維吾爾語讀音：特尼英厄孜嘎薩拉麥提里克提來衣曼

I

第三篇：雙語教學(xué)輔助資料

《免疫學(xué)導(dǎo)論》（于善謙等編，高等教育出版社）

雙語教學(xué)輔助資料

AuxiIiaryMateriaIofBiIinguaITeaching

forIntroductiontoImmunology

蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院免疫學(xué)教研室

DepartmentofImmunology,BengbuMedicaICoIIege

Feb.toJun.20XX

CONTENTS

CHAPTERONEINTRODUCTION1-1Originationand

deveIopmentofImmunoIogy1-2EssentiaIpointsof

conceptsofimmunoIogy

CHATPTERTWOANTIGEN2-1Basicconceptandtypesof

antigen2-2ThemoIecuIarbaseofantigen2-3The

immunologicalfeaturesofantigen2-4Invasiveand

infectiousantigens

CHAPTERTHREEANTIBODIES3-1Structuresandclassesof

immunogIobuIins3-2ThegeneofimmunogIobuIins3-3

SynthesisandsecretionofimmunogIobuIins

CHAPTERFOURCOMPLEMENTSYSTEM

4-1Compositionandphysiochemicalpropertiesof

compIementsystem4-2CompIementactivation4-3The

controIofcompIementreactionandbiologicaleffectof

compIements4-4BiosynthesisofcompIementand

compIementdeficiency

CHAPTERFIVECELLS,TISSUESANDORGANSOFIMMUNESYSTEM

5-1ThestructureandfunctionoforgansandIymphoid

tissueandorgans5-2Thecellsinimmunesystem

CHAPTERSIXMAJORHISTOCOMPATIBILITYCOMPLEX

6-1StructureandfunctionofmajorhistocompatibiIity

antigen6-2Genestructureandgeneticsofmajor

histocompatibiItycompIex6-3ThePrincipleand

appIicationofdetectionforMHO

CHAPTERSEVENANTIGEN-ANTIBODYREACTIONANDITS

APPLICATION7-1Antibodypreparations

7-2Theprincipleofantigen-antibodyreaction7-3

Commontechniquesinimmuno-analysis

CHAPTEREITHTCELLMEDIATEDIMMUNERESPONSE

8-1Basicconceptforimmuneresponse8-2Thebasic

processofimmuneresponse,8-3CeIIapoptosisand

immunity

CHAPTERNINEIMMUNEREGULATION9-1Theregulationof

antigenandantibodyinthe

immuneresponse

9-2ThereguIatoryeffectofimmunecellsin

immuneresponse

9-3InterIeukinsandImmunereguIation9-4Immune

toIerance

CHAPTERTENHYPERSENSITIVITY10-1TypeI

Hypersensitivity

10-2TypeIIHypersensitivity(Cytotoxic

Hypersensitivity)

10-3TypeIIIHypersensitivity(ImmunecompIex

hypersensitivity)

10-4TypeIVHypersensitivity(DeIayedType

Hypersensitivity)

CHAPTERELEVENABNORMALIMMUNE

RESPONSES

11-1Autoimmuneresponse11-2TranspIantation

Immunology11-3Anti-tumorImmunology11-4ImmunoIogic

deficiency

CHAPTERTWELVETHEEVOLUTIONOF

IMMUNESYSTEM

12-1Theimmunityofinvertebrateanimals12-2The

immuneevoIutionofvertebrateanimalsCHAPTERONE

INTRODUCTION(緒言)

1-1

OriginationanddeveIopmentof1-2

EssentiaIpointsofconceptsofImmunologyimmunology

1-1-1Infectionandimmunityof1-2-1Innateimmunity

andacquireddiseasesimmunity

1-1-2FoundationanddeveIopmentof1-2-2Immune

responsethediscipIineofImmunoIogy1-2-3Immunology

andpracticaIIy1-1-3RecentdeveIopmentof

appIicationsImmunology1-2-4BranchesofImmunology

andtheirdeveIopment

Theterm"IMMUNITY”,originalIy,andmightstillbe

consideredbypeopIe,meanstheabilityofhostto

resistancetoinfectiousdisease.However,themodern

conceptofimmunityisconferringthehostthespecific

functiontorecognizeandneutraIizeand/oreIiminate

foreignmateriaIsorsubstances(biologicalor

non-biologicaI,andevensometimeseIftissue

components)tomaintainthehomeostasisofhostinternaI

environment.

ImmunityinoIudesinnateimmunityandacquiredimmunity,

theformerisinherent,veryquick,andnon-specific

respondtoinvasivepathogens;whereastheIatteris

acquiredandadaptedafterbirthofhost,andinduced

specificrespondtoforeignmateriaI(infectiousor

noninfectious).

TheImmunologyisastudytofocusingonhowofhostto

recognitionofseIfandnon-seIf,andhowoftheresponse

toforeignmateriaI(Antigen)and

1-1OriginationanddeveIopmentofImmunology1-1-1

InfectionofandimmunitytodiseasesFetaIepidemic

disease,smaIIpox(varioIa),deadratebysmaIIpox

30-40%;kiIIedmiIIionsofpeopIesinthisgIobebefore

nineteenthcentury.FromSongDynastyChinesedoctor

investedatechniquecalledvarioIation(人痘接種法)to

preventchiIdrenfromsmaIIpox

1798,anyoungdoctorinEngIand,Jenner,createdanew

method,vaccination(牛痘接種法),topreventthe

chiIdrenfromsmaIIpox,andfinalIy,byusingthisvery

effectivetechnique,thesmaIIpox,afataIepidemic

diseasehasbeeneIiminatedintheworId,statedbythe

WHOin1979.

orbiIitysmaIIpox,measIes(,thypho,choIera(傷寒)，

anthrax鼠疫鼠疫，瘧疾malaria1-1-2Foundationand

deveIopmentofthediscipIineofImmunology

(1)1.Foundationofimmunology

(1)LouisPasteur,wasafamousbiochemistinFrancein

19thcentury,contributedhisIotsofeffortto

immunizationtopreventanimalandhumanfromseveraI

seriousdiseases(cholera霍舌,Lanthrax炭疽，rabies(狂

犬病)---vaccination---activeimmunization

(2).DeveIopmentofexperimentaIimmunoIogy

1-1-3RecentdeveIopmentofImmunoIogy(1).Humoral

immunology,

(2).CelIuIarimmunoIogy

1-2EssentiaIpointsofconceptsofimmunoIogy1-2-1

Innateimmunityandacquiredimmunity

1-2-2immuneresponse

1-2-3ImmunologyandpracticaIIyappIications

1-2-4BranchesofImmunologyandtheirdeveIopment

Basicconceptordefinitionfortheterm"IMMUNITY",

originalIy,andusuaIIystillbeconsideredbycommon

peopIe,meanstheabiIityofhosttoresistanceto

infectiousdisease.However,atpresent,themodern

conceptofimmunity,isconferringthehostspecific

functionstorecognizeandfinalneutralizeand/or

eIiminateforeignmateriaIsorsubstances(biological

ornon-biological,andevensometimeseIf)tomaintain

thehomeostasisofhostinternaIenvironment.

ImmunityincIudeinnateimmunityandacquiredimmunity,

theformerisinherent,veryquick,andnon-specific

respondtoinvasivepathogens;whereastheIatteris

acquiredandadaptedafterbirthofhost,andinduced

specificrespondtoforeignmateriaI(infectiousor

noninfectious).

TheImmunologyisastudytofocusingonhowofhostto

recognitionofseIfandnon-seIf,andhowoftheresponse

toforeignmateriaI(Antigen)and

1-1OriginationanddeveIopmentofImmunology1-1-1

Infectionofandimmunitytodiseases

FetaIepidemicdisease,smaIIpox(varioIa),deadrate

bysmaIIpox30-40%;FromSongDynastyChinesedoctor

investedatechniquecalledvarioIation(人痘接種法)to

preventchiIdrenfromsmaIIpox

1798,anyoungdoctorinEngIand,Jenner,createdanew

method,vaccination(牛痘接種法)，topreventthe

chiIdrenfromsmaIIpox,andfinalIy,byusingthisvery

effectivetechnique,thesmaIIpox,afataIepidemic

diseasehasbeeneliminatedintheworId,statedbythe

WHOin1979.

orbiIitysmaIIpox,measIes（,thypho,choIera（傷寒）

霍亂，anthrax炭疽鼠疫鼠疫,瘧疾malaria

1-1-2FoundationanddeveIopmentofthediscipIineof

Immunology

1-1-3RecentdeveIopmentofImmunology

1-2EssentiaIpointsofconceptsofimmunoIogy1-2-1

Innateimmunityandacquiredimmunity

1-2-2immuneresponse

1-2-3ImmunologyandpracticaIIyappIications

1-2-4BranchesofImmunologyandtheirdeveIopment

CHATPTERTWOANTIGEN（抗原）

2-1Basicconceptandtypesofantigen2-1-1antigenand

immunogen2-1-2cIasses/typesofantigen

2-2ThemoIecuIarbaseofantigen2-2-1chemicaI

featuresofantigen2-2—2antigendeterminants

2-3Theimmunologicalfeaturesofantigen2-3-1The

exogenicityofantigen2-3-2ThereIationof

immunogenecity

2-1Basicconceptandtypesofantigen2-1-1antigenand

immunogen

2-1-2cIasses/typesofantigen

2-2ThemoIecuIarbaseofantigen2-2-1chemicaI

featuresofantigen

2-2-2antigendeterminants

toindividuaIandimmunizationmanner

2-3-3Thespecificityofantigenand

immuno-predominanceofantigen

2-3-4Theimmunologicfeatureof

hapten

2-4Invasiveandinfectiousantigens2-4-1Bacteria

2-4-2Fungi2-4-3virus

2-3Theimmunologicalfeaturesofantigen2-3-1The

exogenicityofantigen

2-3-2ThereIationofimmunogenecitytoindividuaIand

immunizationmanner

2-3-3Thespecificityofantigenand

immuno-predominanceofantigen

2-3-4Theimmunologicfeatureofhapten

2-4Invasiveandinfectiousantigens2-4-1Bacteria

2-4-2Fungi

2-4-3VirusCHAPTERTHREEANTIBODIES（抗體）

3-1StructuresandcIassesofImmunogIobuIins3-1-1The

basicstructureofantibodies3-1-2CIassesandtypes

ofimmunogIobuIins3-2ThegeneofimmunogIobuIins3-2-1

ThegenestructuresofimmunogIobuIins3-2-2

Rearrangementandexpression

ofimmunogIobuIingenes

3-2-3Thediversityof

immunogIobuIingenes

3-3Synthesisandsecretionof

immunogIobuIin

3-3-1HumoraIimmuneresponseand

theproductionofantibodies

3-3-2Expression,assembIeand

secretionofimmunogIobuIin3-1StructuresandcIasses

ofImmunogIobuIins3-1-1Thebasicstructureof

antibodies

3-1-2CIassesandtypesofimmunogIobuIins

3-2ThegeneofimmunogIobuIins3-2-1Thegene

structuresofimmunogIobuIins

3-2-2RearrangementandexpressionofimmunogIobuIin

genes

3-2-3ThediversityofimmunogIobuIingenes

3-3SynthesisandsecretionofimmunogIobuIin3-3-1

HumoraIimmuneresponseandtheproductionofantibodies

3-3-2Expression,assembIeandsecretionof

immunoglobulinCHAPTERFOURCOMPLEMENTSYSTEM（補體系

統(tǒng)）

4-1Compositionandphysiochemicalpropertiesof

compIementsystem4-1-1NomencIatureofcompIement

components4-1-2ThephysiochemicaIpropertiesof

compIementcomponents4-2

CompIementactivation4-2-1TheCIassicaIpathwayof

compIementactivation4-2-2TheIectinpathwayof

compIementactivation4-2-3TheaIternativepathwayof

compIementactivation.4-2-4MembranelysingcompIex

formationinIatephaseofcompIementactivation4-2-5

Comparisonofthreepathways

incompIementactivation

4-3ThecontroIofcompIement

reactionandbiologicaleffectofcompIements

4-3-1ReguIatingproteinof

compIementactivationinserum

4-3-2ReguIateproteinonthesurface

ofceIImembrane

4-3-3CompIementreceptors4-3-4Thebiological

functionof

compIementprotein

4-4

BiosynthesisofcompIementand

compIementdeficiency

4-4-1ThegeneofcompIements

4-4-2ThebiosynthesisofcompIement4-4-3CompIement

deficiencyand

compIementdeficientdiseases4-1Compositionand

physiochemicaIpropertiesofcompIementsystem4-1-1

NomencIatureofcompIementcomponents

4-1-2ThephysiochemicaIpropertiesofcompIement

components

4-2CompIementactivation

4-2-1TheCIassicaIpathwayofcompIementactivation

4-2-2TheIectinpathwayofcompIementactivation

4-2-3TheaIternativepathwayofcompIementactivation.

4-2-4MembranelysingcompIexformationinIatephase

ofcompIementactivation

4-2-5ComparisonofthreepathwaysincompIement

activation

4-3ThecontroIofcompIementreactionandbiological

effectofcompIements

4-3-1ReguIatingproteinofcompIementactivationin

serum

4-3-2ReguIateproteinonthesurfaceofceIImembrane

4-3-3CompIementreceptors

4-3-4ThebiologicalfunctionofcompIementprotein

4-4