2024高考英語二輪題海特訓營8閱讀理解推理判斷四

PAGEPAGE15閱讀理解-推理推斷四1、

TheU.S.DepartmentofLaborstatistics(統(tǒng)計)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,TVrepairmen.Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallinline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入學)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.

1.It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat________.

A.manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblem

B.white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkers

C.fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefuture

D.thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?

A.Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.

B.Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.

C.Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.

D.Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.

3.Bysayingthat“manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere”,theauthormeansthat________.

A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollege

B.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollege

C.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyear

D.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat_______.

A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollege

B.collegeeducationisabadthing

C.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpay

D.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs2、

Americancitiesaresimilartoothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountry,citiesreflectthevaluesoftheculture.Americancitiesarechanging,justasAmericansocietyischanging.

AfterWorldWarⅡ,thepopulationofmostlargeAmericancitiesdecreased;however,thepopulationinmanySunBeltcitiesincreased.LosAngelesandHoustonarecitieswherepopulationshifts(轉移)toandfromthecityreflectthechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Inthelate1940sandearly1950s,cityresidents(居民)becamewealthier.Theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace.Theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthesuburbs(郊區(qū)).

Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenowadults.Many,unliketheirparents,wanttoliveinthecities.TheycontinuetomovetoSunBeltcitiesandolderonesoftheNortheastandMidwest.Manyyoungprofessionalsaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecitytothesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;ortheyjustenjoytheexcitementandpossibilitiesthatthecityoffers.

Thispopulationshiftisbringingproblemsaswellasbenefits.Countlesspoorpeoplemustleavetheirapartmentsinthecitybecausetheownerswanttosellthebuildingsormakeapartmentsforsaleinsteadofforrent.Inthe1950s,manypoorpeopledidnothaveenoughmoneytomovetothesuburbs;nowmanyofthesesamepeopledonothaveenoughmoneytostayinthecities.

Onlyafewyearsago,peoplethoughtthattheolderAmericancitiesweredying.Somecityresidentsnowseeabright,newfuture.Othersseeonlyproblemsandconflicts.Onethingissure:manydyingcitiesarealiveagain.1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcitiesallovertheworld?A.Theyarealive.

B.Theyarehopeless.

C.Theyaresimilar

D.Theyaredifferent.2.WhydidAmericancityresidentswanttoliveinthesuburbsafterWorldWarⅡ?A.BecauseolderAmericancitiesweredying.

B.Becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace.

C.Becausetheycontainedtheworstpartsofsociety.

D.Becausetheycouldhardlyaffordtoliveinthecity.3.Accordingtothe4thparagraph,agreatmanypoorpeopleinAmericancities

.A.arefacedwithhousingproblems

B.areforcedtomovetothesuburbs

C.wanttoselltheirbuildings

D.needmoremoneyfordailyexpenses4.Wecanconcludefromthetestthat

.A.Americancitiesarechangingfortheworse

B.peoplehavedifferentviewsonAmericancities

C.manypeoplearenowmovingfromAmericancities

D.thepopulationisdecreasinginolderAmericancities3、

AppleannounceditsnewiPhoneslastweek,butcompetitors’mobilephonescandomanyofthesamethingsforlessmoney.

ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesscharging,edge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppo,andKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1,000foritshigh-endmodel,someAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.

Atonetime,Chinesemanufacturerscopiedfeaturesanddesignsfromotherstoproducelow-costphones.Buttheyhavenowaddedhigh-endfeaturestotheirphonesandtheycontrolnearlyhalftheglobalmobilephonemarket.

MediaMarktSaturnisEurope’sbiggestelectronicsseller.AspokespersonforthestoretoldReutersthat,“HuaweiisseenasarelevantcompetitortoAppleandSamsungbycoveringallmajorpricepointsandplacingbiginvestmentsinmarketingandsales.’’ShealsosaidthattheChinesecompaniesHuawei,ZTE,LenovoandTCLwereamongthetop-10best-sellingsmartphonesinitsstores.

Chinesemanufacturers’fastgrowthhasbeenfueledbystrongsalesinChina.Buttheynowexport40percentoftheirsmartphones.Thatisalmostdoublethenumberfromjustthreeyearsago,accordingtotheHongKonginvestmentcompanyCLSA.

Huaweiiscurrentlytheworld’sthirdlargestphonemakerbehindSamsungandApple.AccordingtoresearchcompanyCanalys,theChinesecompanyisgettingclosertosecond-placeAppleandmightovertakeitlaterthisyear.Huaweiplanstoshowitstop-of-the-lineMate10phoneonOct.16.Thephonewillhaveartificialintelligencefeaturessuchasinstanttranslationandimagerecognitionandwillcostlessthan$1,000.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Smartphone’smanufacturers.

B.Applesmartphone’sfeatures.

C.Asianphonemakers’fastgrowth.

D.CompetitionamongAsianphonemakers.

2.WhichisNOTamongthetop3phonemakersintheworld?

A.TCL.

B.Samsung.

C.Apple.

D.Huawei.

3.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?

A.HueweiwillhaveovertakenApplebylater2024.

B.Chinesemakers’phoneswithhigh-endfeaturescostless.

C.Thetop-10smartphonesaretoenterthehigh-endcompetition.

D.40percentofAsiansmartphonesareexportednow.

4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsAsianphonemakers?

A.Doubtful.

B.Concerned.

C.Optimistic.

D.Uncertain.4、

Operatingthelargestprivatefoundation(私人基金會)inhistory,BillandMelindaGatesmakedecisionsthatinfluencemillionsoflives.Buttheydealwithproblemsverydifferently.

Forexample,theyagreedthattoomanychildrendieneedlesslyfromdiarrhoea(腹瀉).Butwhenitcametohowtopreventit,theiropinionsweredifferent.Whileherhusbandreadalotaboutvaccines(疫苗),MelindaGateshadbeentravellingandvisitedareaswherepoorpeopleliveinIndia.

Whenshereturned,shesaid,“Idon’tknowwhatitis,butthere’ssomethingincleanwaterandsanitation(公共衛(wèi)生).”AndBillsaid,“OK,Melinda,Idon’tevenhavetimetoreadinthatspace.Tellmewhatyouknow.

Thatconversationledtoanewfocusonwaterandsanitation.Since2006,theyhavegivenmorethan$US200milliontowardthoseefforts.

Thefoundation’sworkisalwaysapartofherfamily’slife,evenonholiday.Thisyear,overthespringbreak,theytooktheirthreechildrentotheAmazoninBrazil.There,shespokeabouttheadvantagesofaservicetoallowpeopletosendmoneybymobilephones,afterseeingthesuccessofsuchaprograminKenya.

Melindabelievedit’sawaytohelpherchildren“knowwhatgoesonintheirbackyard,sotheyunderstandwhatit'slikeforkidswhodon’thaveenoughmoneytodowhattheydo.”

Whenaskedwhatmadeherandherhusbandestablishafoundationtohelpothers,shepointedtoherfamilybackground.Bothsheandherhusbandcamefromfamilieswhoencouragedsocialservices.

MelindahasanMBAanddegreesincomputerscienceandbusinessfromDukeUniversity.ShemetBillGatesshortlyaftergoingtoworkatMicrosoft.Bythetimetheymarriedin1994,shehadalreadypersuadedhimtobecomeactiveinphilanthropy(慈善事業(yè)).

“Wetalkedabouthowthiswealthwillgobacktosocietybeforewegotmarried,”shesaid.“Thatseemsliketherightthingtodoifyou’rearichperson.”

1.Atthebeginning,BillGateswantedtodealwithdiarrhoeaby__________.

A.providingcleanwater

B.developingvaccines

C.offeringcleanfood

D.improvingsanitation

2.WecaninferMelindaGatesbroughtherchildrentoBrazilthisyearbecause__________.

A.shewantedherchildrentohelpsickkidsin

B.razilB.herchildrenwantedtoenjoythespringbreakabroad

C.shewantedherchildrentovaluewhattheyhave

D.herchildrenhadn'tvisitedBrazilbefore50

3.Accordingtothetext,MelindaGates__________.

A.operatesthefoundationonherown

B.visitedKenyatohelppreventdiarrhoea

C.persuadedBillGatestopracticephilanthropy

D.donated$US200milliontohelppoorpeopleinBrazil

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Arichfamilythatisalwaysreadytohelpothers

B.Howrichpeopleinfluenceothers’lives

C.Childreninpoorareasneedahand

D.Thelargestprivatefoundation5、

Eachcountryandculturehasitsownsetofpublicholidaysandfestivals.WhilesomeoftheseholidaysandfestivalslikeChristmasandNewYeararecommonacrosstheworld,therearemanymoreholidaysthatareunknownoutsideofnationalborders.1.

BlessedRainyDay

Lifeinacountrywhereitrainsalotcanbehard.InBhutan,BlessedRainyDayistheholidaymarkingtheendofthemonsoonseason(雨季).Onthisday,everyoneisencouragedtoenjoyabathoutofthehousetowashawaybadluck.2.

MelonDay

Turkmenistan'sMelonDayisacelebrationoftheirnationalfruit.IttakesplaceonthesecondSundayinAugust.Thousandsofmouth-wateringmelonsweregivenawayintheheatoftheTurkmencapitalAshgabatonSundaytocelebrateMelonDay.3.

“PunchYourNeighbor”Festival

ThecitiesofPotosiandMachainBoliviaholdthefestivalintheBolivianAndesMountainsinMayeveryyear.Itscelebratedbythousandsofpeopleandit’sbasedontheQuechuaword“Tinku”thatmeans“meeting”.Themeaningofthewordhasbecomeworseasitnowiscelebratedwithbeatingsthatcanactuallyreallyhurtpeople.4.

HaxeyHood

TheHaxeyHoodgameinEnglandhasabiggroupofpeopletryingtopushasmallleathertubetowardsoneofthefourpubs(酒館)intown,whereitwillstayuntilthefollowingyear’sgame.Onceapersonhasthetube,hecannotrunwithitorthrowit.Hehastopassitontopeopleonhisteam.Thegameusuallylastsafewhours.1.HowdopeoplecelebrateBlessedRainyDay?

A.Bytakingashowerinthebathroom.

B.Byplayingoutdoorsintherain.

C.Bythrowingwateronothers.

D.Bytakingabathoutdoors.

2.Wherewouldyougoifyou'reinterestedinthefestivalinhonorofakindoffruit?

A.ToBhutan.

B.ToTurkmenistan.

C.ToBolivia.

D.ToEngland

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefestivalheldinPotosiandMacha?

A.Itishatedbymostpeopleinthosetwocities.

B.Itisthemostinterestingfestivalinthatcountry.

C.Itcanbedangerousforthosewhotakepartinit.

D.Itismeanttoencourageneighborstoloveeachother.

4.WhatshouldpeopledointheHaxeyHoodgame?

A.Runwithaleathertube.

B.Pusheachotherforward.

C.Trytowinadrinkatapub.

D.Passaleathertubetowardsapub.6、

TherearemanydifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Iusedtoteachacourse

aboutthedifferencesbetweenthetwo.WespeakEnglishonbothsidesoftheAtlanticOceanbutwe

havemanydifferencesinourcommonlanguage.Wehaveexamplesofthesamewordshavingvery

differentmeanings,differentspellingsofthesamewordsaswellascompletelydifferentwordsforthe

samethings.Herearesomeexamples.

AcookieintheUSiscalledabiscuitintheUK.AbiscuitintheUSisasmallcakeintheUK.CrispsintheUK,areknownaschips,butweBritishpeopleeataplateofchipsthatyoucallfriesintheUS.IntheUK,apiecanbemadefromeithermeatorfruit,whileintheUSpiesarenormallymadefromfruit;potpiesaremadefrommeat.MostthingsaremeasuredingramsandkilogramsintheUS,notpounds

andounces.

Oneveryobviousdifferenceisthesideoftheroadweeachchoosetodriveon.Petrolin

theUKisgasintheUS.Theplacewherewefillupourcars,intheUK,isagarage;whileintheUS,it's

agasstation.Thetermgarageisalsousedasaplacetostoreyourcarnexttoorclosebyyourhouse.In

theUKwecallalorrywhatisknownasatruckintheUS.AnelevatorintheUSiscalledalifthere,andthefirstfloorintheUSiscalledthegroundfloorhere,somanyvisitorsgetoffonthewrongfloorinBritishhotels.

Icouldcontinuewiththis.Therearecountlessexamplesofdifferenceswithinouronesharedlanguage.Withsomanydifferences,nowonderit'shardtounderstandeachotherwell.1.ThepassageismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishin________.

A.spelling

B.grammar

C.sound

D.vocabulary

2.It'simplied(示意)inthepassagethattheauthormaybe________.

A.ateacherfromtheUK

B.acookfromtheUS

C.adriverfromtheUS

D.agasstationworkerfromtheUK

3.Intheauthor'sopinion,________.

A.languagedifferencesdon'taffectunderstanding

B.therewillbefewerdifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishinthefuture

C.thesamewordsinthetwodifferenttypesofEnglishmayhavedifferentspellings

D.itisimpossiblethatsomeAmericansgetoffonthewrongfloorinBritishhotels

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A."Elevator"iscommonlyusedintheUK.

B.IntheUK,thingsaremeasuredinpoundsandounces.

C.PiesmeanthesamethingintheUKandtheUS.

D.BritishandAmericanpeopledriveonthesamesideoftheroad.

答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B;2.D;3.A;4.D解析：1.本文通過調查分析告知人們要變更傳統(tǒng)觀念應首先考慮選擇技術工作的培訓—因為它人才缺乏,待遇更高。

小題1:推斷題。閱讀全文可知A、C原文沒有提到,D在原文已明確提到,再依據(jù)Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanbluecollarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen可推知在人們的眼中,白領工人以前比藍領工人賺錢多,故B為正確選項。

2.細微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn’tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo可知上高校不是出于學生本意,而是出于父母及學校等方面的壓力,可見D不是高校入學人數(shù)增加的緣由。

3.推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup可知作者列舉了三種狀況,說明有些人不適合高校教化,故選A。

4.推斷題。閱讀全文可知作者通過調查告知人們高校教化人才過多,而技術工人又特別缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接著又分析了造成這種狀況的傳統(tǒng)觀念;最終還談到了許多上了高校卻因種種緣由無法完成學業(yè),全部這些都在示意人們上高校的人應當削減,而參與技術工作培訓的人應當增多,故選D。2答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B解析：1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句的內容可知,作者認為全世界的城市都特別相像。

2.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的內容可知,二戰(zhàn)后,城市居民變得更加富有,哺育了更多的孩子,他們須要更多的空間,所以想居住在郊區(qū)。

3.推理推斷題。由第四段可知,多數(shù)窮人總是被迫離開他們的居處,以前他們沒有錢搬到郊區(qū),如今他們沒有錢生活在城市中了,由此可知他們面臨住房問題。

4.推理推斷題。最終一段中提到,一些美國城市居民看到的是城市絢麗的將來,而其他人看到的僅僅是問題和沖突,由此可推想人們對美國城市的觀點不同。3答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.A;3.B;4.C解析：1.蘋果新機“預冷”,國產手機“爭霸”,亞洲手機制造商快速發(fā)展靠近蘋果公司。主旨大意題。依據(jù)ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesscharging,edge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppo,andKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1,000foritshigh-endmodel,someAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.新款iPhone8和X擁有無線充電、無邊框屏幕和雙攝像頭。但是這些功能已經在中國的華為、OPPO和韓國的三星智能手機上得到應用。當蘋果為其高端機型標出1000美元的售價時,一些亞洲手機制造商可以用更少的錢供應類似功能?？梢酝茢喑霰疚闹饕v解并描述了亞洲手機制造商之間的競爭。故選D。

2.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Huaweiiscurrentlytheworld'sthirdlargestphonemakerbehindSamsungandApple.AccordingtoresearchcompanyCanalys,theChinesecompanyisgettingclosertosecond-placeAppleandmightovertakeitlaterthisyear.得知華為目前是全球第三大手機廠商,位居三星和蘋果之后。故選A。

3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesscharging,edge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppo,andKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1,000foritshigh-endmodel,someAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.新款iPhone8和X擁有無線充電、無邊框屏幕和雙攝像頭。但是這些功能已經在中國的華為、OPPO和韓國的三星智能手機上得到應用。當蘋果為其高端機型標出1000美元的售價時,一些亞洲手機制造商可以用更少的錢供應類似功能。故選B。

4.推理推斷題。依據(jù)TheChinesecompanyevenmadefunofApple'snewfacialrecognitionfeaturewithaFacebookvideocalled"RealAIphone."Huaweiplanstoshowitstop-of-the-lineMate10phoneonOct.16.Thephonewillhaveartificialintelligencefeaturessuchasinstanttranslationandimagerecognition