2025年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題3 完形填空 第3講 說(shuō)明文 課件

第3講說(shuō)明文WPS,aclicktounlimitedpossibilities匯報(bào)人：目錄索引01體裁解讀02技法點(diǎn)撥體裁解讀01說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物的特征、本質(zhì)、性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理或事物的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)果等進(jìn)行介紹、解釋、說(shuō)明的一種文體。與記敘文相比,說(shuō)明文類完形填空多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練、平實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確,常采用客觀描述,其主題明確,層次分明。高考說(shuō)明文類完形填空往往在文章的開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)明說(shuō)明對(duì)象,從而為同學(xué)們把握文章主題提供了有利條件。而且,作者借助合理的說(shuō)明順序展開(kāi)文章,使文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,層次分明。解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象,理清段落關(guān)系通讀全文,明確作者是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面對(duì)其加以說(shuō)明的。在閱讀過(guò)程中要概括、總結(jié)每一段說(shuō)明的側(cè)重點(diǎn),理清各段之間的關(guān)系,加深對(duì)說(shuō)明對(duì)象的理解。弄清說(shuō)明順序,把握作者態(tài)度在說(shuō)明的過(guò)程中作者會(huì)選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序?qū)φf(shuō)明對(duì)象進(jìn)行解說(shuō)。把握了說(shuō)明順序就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò),加深對(duì)整篇文章的理解。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明順序有時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序(如因果關(guān)系、果因關(guān)系、先主后次等)和認(rèn)識(shí)順序(如由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等)。另外,在理清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上,還要注意反映作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句,把握作者的寫(xiě)作情感和意圖。[典型例題](2022全國(guó)乙卷改編)Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout

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someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

Butwewitnesspreschoolchildrenareremarkably

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athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

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.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

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asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butoursurprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

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thatidea.

Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

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satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor

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.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

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orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedtheycouldn’t.

Anumberof

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ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects

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thequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.Their

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tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue

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that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply

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mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our

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suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,it’snotaresultofegocentrism.Actuallychildrenconsiderthismethod

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whenothersuseit.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們玩捉迷藏時(shí),只遮住自己的眼睛并不是“自我中心”的表現(xiàn),而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。1.A.following

B.takingC.escaping D.directing答案C解析根據(jù)下文“makingoneselfunabletobeseen”可知,此處表示兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏,躲避尋找者的目光。故選C項(xiàng)。2.A.clever B.badC.scared D.quick答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies

.”可知,他們經(jīng)常只是用手捂住眼睛,而其余身體部分無(wú)遮蔽,因此學(xué)齡前兒童不擅長(zhǎng)隱藏。bebadatsth表示“不擅長(zhǎng)某事”。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced答案A解析根據(jù)上文可知,兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身體的其余部分無(wú)遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故選A項(xiàng)。4.A.supported B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted答案D解析根據(jù)下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric’(自我中心的)creatures”可知,此處表示這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為一種證據(jù),證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項(xiàng)。5.A.explained B.confirmedC.contradicted D.tested答案C解析根據(jù)前面的But可知,研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。故選C項(xiàng)。6.A.parent B.childC.researcher D.doctor答案B解析根據(jù)上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知,此處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B項(xiàng)。7.A.feet B.noseC.hands

D.ears答案D解析根據(jù)下文“orheartheadult”可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)中,兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能聽(tīng)到成年人的聲音,所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項(xiàng)。8.A.see B.helpC.reach D.fool答案A解析根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此處兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能看見(jiàn)成年人。故選A項(xiàng)。9.A.instructions B.descriptionsC.experiments D.assumptions答案C解析句意:許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解問(wèn)題的可能性。experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。10.A.comprehended B.predictedC.explored D.ignored答案A解析根據(jù)下文“andknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem”可知,兒童理解了問(wèn)題,并確切知道自己被問(wèn)了什么。故選A項(xiàng)。11.A.responses B.approachesC.contribution D.sensitivity答案A解析根據(jù)上文“Wethenaskedthechildifshecould

orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedtheycouldn’t.”可知,此處表示孩子們對(duì)于問(wèn)題的回答。故選A項(xiàng)。

12.A.ability B.beliefC.identity D.purpose答案B解析根據(jù)下文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知,此處表示孩子們真正的看法。故選B項(xiàng)。13.A.holdback B.relatetoC.insiston D.makeup答案C解析根據(jù)上文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知,孩子們的看法體現(xiàn)了他們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。故選C項(xiàng)。14.A.limitations B.requirementsC.theories D.findings答案D解析根據(jù)上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知,此處指實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。15.A.tentative B.impressiveC.creative D.effective答案D解析根據(jù)上文“Theysimply

mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.”可知,孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重,所以當(dāng)其他人使用這種方法時(shí),孩子會(huì)認(rèn)為它是有效的。故選D項(xiàng)。

技法點(diǎn)撥02[典例]Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas

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asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butoursurprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology5.contradictedthatidea.

4.A.supported

B.guaranteedC.imagined D.interpreted

技法1利用破解長(zhǎng)難句解題?分析利用破解長(zhǎng)難句解題。asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly‘egocentric’(自我中心的)creatures”中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容,表示這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為一種證據(jù),證明兒童是以自我為中心的。[自主解答]

【點(diǎn)撥】說(shuō)明文完形填空中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長(zhǎng)句或難句,而它們往往會(huì)影響一些答案的選擇。這時(shí)就要在理解上下文邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上有針對(duì)性地對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句子特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,準(zhǔn)確理解句意,明確所填選項(xiàng)在句中的語(yǔ)法功能,從而做出正確判斷。D[真題體驗(yàn)](2023新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas

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forhim,havingtoleavehisdogtoa

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andtrustthateverythingwould

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.

48.A.hard

B.fineC.common D.lucky答案A解析本句句式較為復(fù)雜,“but”連接轉(zhuǎn)折并列句,“havingtoleave...”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)上文“wastryingtobecalm”以及下文“havingtoleavehisdogtoa

andtrustthateverythingwould

”可推知,此處指把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人對(duì)主人來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選A項(xiàng)。

49.A.co-worker B.passengerC.stranger D.neighbor答案C解析根據(jù)“George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas

forhim”可知,此處指把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人。故選C項(xiàng)。

50.A.speedup B.workoutC.comeback D.takeoff答案B解析speedup加速;workout解決;comeback回來(lái);takeoff起飛。根據(jù)上文可知,讓狗的主人George把狗留給一個(gè)陌生人并相信一切都會(huì)解決好,對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。故選B項(xiàng)。[典例]Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC......Our

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suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,it’snotaresultofegocentrism.

14.A.limitations

B.requirementsC.theories D.findings

?分析根據(jù)上文“Webroughtchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC...”可知,此處指實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果。[自主解答]

D技法2利用首尾呼應(yīng)關(guān)系解題【點(diǎn)撥】語(yǔ)篇層次題是完形填空中難度最高的試題,也是學(xué)生的拉分題。此類試題需要閱讀全篇,站在整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的角度才能選出正確答案。課堂應(yīng)用(2024河南開(kāi)封三模)Moneydoesn’tgrowontrees,asthesayinggoes,andlearninghowtospendmoneywiselyisavaluablelessonweshouldalllearnwhenweareyoung.InChina,agrowingnumberofyoungindividualsareembracingthis

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andfindingthatbeingfrugal(節(jié)儉的)canbebothrewardingand

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.YoungindividualsinChinaareactivelyengagingwith

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responsibilitybysharingtheirbudget-friendlystrategiesandsmartshoppingadviceacrossvariousdigitalplatforms.Knownas“koukouzu”orthe“FrugalTribe”,they

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againstimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)spendingonluxurybrandsorfrequent

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oftrendybubbletea.Theywouldrathersaveupforgoodqualityclothesthatwilllastalongtime,insteadofsomecheaplymadefast-fashion

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.Toresistthetemptationofimpulsebuying,somehavechosento

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applicationslikeTaobaoandMeituanfromtheirdevices.Thesefrugal

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havealsobandedtogethertoformonlinecommunities,withoneDoubangroupboastingamembershipof600,000,wheremembers

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ideasandsupporteachotherintheirjourneytowardsfinancialfreedom.

Savingcashthroughthepurchaseofusedgoodsisastrategyadoptedbymanywho

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thatsecondhanddoesnotalwaysmeansecondrate.

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,

Ionceboughtapairof

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wornCrockettJonesshoes,aBritishbrandwitharegularpricetagof$1,200,foramere$100.Whata

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!Moreover,

choosingsecond-handitemssupportsenvironmentalconservationbygivingnewlifetoobjectsthatwouldotherwise

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inlandfills,reducingwasteandpromotingreuse.

Frugality,

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inChineseculturesinceConfucius,isavirtue.Yet,thejoyofbargainhuntingaddsamoderntwisttothisancientwisdom.

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地花錢是我們年輕時(shí)都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的寶貴一課。在中國(guó),越來(lái)越多的年輕人正在接受這一原則,并發(fā)現(xiàn)節(jié)儉既有益又令人愉快。1.A.version

B.restrictionC.principle D.presentation答案C解析上文“Moneydoesn’tgrowontrees”以及“l(fā)earninghowtospendmoneywiselyisavaluablelessonweshouldalllearnwhenweareyoung”提到,如何明智地花錢是我們年輕時(shí)都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的寶貴一課,由此可知,此處應(yīng)表示越來(lái)越多的年輕人正在接受這一原則。2.A.available B.enjoyableC.demanding D.incredible答案B解析根據(jù)句意以及上文的“canbebothrewarding”可知,此處應(yīng)表示節(jié)儉既有益又令人愉快。故選B項(xiàng)。3.A.invisible B.valuableC.friendly D.financial答案D解析根據(jù)上文提到的如何明智地花錢是我們年輕時(shí)都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的寶貴一課,以及下文的“bysharingtheirbudget-friendlystrategies”可知,此處應(yīng)表示中國(guó)的年輕人應(yīng)該積極承擔(dān)起財(cái)務(wù)責(zé)任。4.A.advocate B.intendC.indicate D.pretend答案A解析下文“...againstimpulsivespendingonluxurybrands”提到,反對(duì)沖動(dòng)消費(fèi)奢侈品牌,由此可知,此處應(yīng)表示他們并不倡導(dǎo)沖動(dòng)消費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)。5.A.visits B.creationsC.purchases D.celebrations答案C解析根據(jù)上文提到的反對(duì)沖動(dòng)消費(fèi)奢侈品牌,以及下文的“trendybubbletea”可知,此處應(yīng)表示反對(duì)頻繁購(gòu)買時(shí)尚的珍珠奶茶。6.A.items B.shoesC.pants D.hats答案A解析上文“Theywouldrathersaveupforgoodqualityclothes”提到,他們寧愿存錢買經(jīng)久耐用的高質(zhì)量衣服,由此可知,此處應(yīng)表示不愿買廉價(jià)的快時(shí)尚物品。7.A.download B.removeC.advertise D.update答案B解析上文“Toresistthetemptationofimpulsebuying”提到抵制沖動(dòng)購(gòu)物的誘惑,再根據(jù)下文的“applicationslikeTaobaoandMeituan”可知,此處應(yīng)表示一些人選擇從他們的設(shè)備中刪除淘寶和美團(tuán)等應(yīng)用程序。8.A.assistants B.operatorsC.pessimists D.enthusiasts答案D解析根據(jù)句意以及下文的“havealsobandedtogethertoformonlinecommunities”可知,此處應(yīng)表示這些節(jié)儉愛(ài)好者還聯(lián)合起來(lái)組成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)。9.A.exchange B.performC.polish D.presume答案A解析根據(jù)下文的“andsupporteachotherintheirjourneytowards