Module3-單元語法詳解

Module3單元語法詳解“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構(一）構成hadbeen+過去分詞(二）用法1.表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成的被動動作。該動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”，表不過去的時間狀語可用by，before等構成的短語,也可是when,after,until,bythetime等引導的時間狀語從句或通過上下文表示。①Hadthenewplanbeendiscussedbeforethemeeting?開會之前新計劃已被討論過了嗎？②How manybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?颶風結束時，有多少建筑遭到了破壞？2.用在含有被動形式的間接引語或賓語從句中，常用在told, said,thought,knew,heard,found,wondered等動詞后.表示在這些動作之前已經發(fā)生的動作。①She toldusthatthemeetinghadbeencanceled.她告訴我們會議已經被取消了。②They saidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.他們說生產成本已經下降了。3.用在Itwasthefirst/second/...timethat…句型中。此句型主句用一般過去時，that引導的從句要用過去完成時。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadbeenbeatenblackandblue.那是他第一次被打得青一塊紫一塊。4.用在表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句中。Iftheworkhadbeendoneearlier,itwouldhavealreadybeenfinished.如果早點做這項工作，就做完了。二、直接引語和間接引語直接引述別人的原話，放于引號內，叫作直接引語;用自己的話轉述別人的話，被轉述的話不放于引號內，這是間接引語。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，應在句式、時態(tài)、語序、人稱和狀語等方面作相應變化。(一）句式變化1.直接引語是陳述句時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時要變成以that引導的賓語從句，that在口語中常省略。Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”她說:“我們的公共汽車五分鐘后到達。”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.她說他們的公共汽車五分鐘后到達。2.直接引語如果是一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句。Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”他說約翰，你會游泳嗎?”→HeaskedJohnwhether/ifhecouldswim.他問約翰他是否會游泳。3.直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句。Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”她問我：“他們什么時候吃飯?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.她問我他們什么時候吃飯。4.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語中祈使句的謂語動詞應變成不定式，直接引語中的say應改為ask，tell，order等，否定句需要在不定式前加not?！癇ringmeacupoftea，please，”shesaidtohim.她對他說:“請給我?guī)П鑱怼！薄鶶heaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.她讓他給她帶杯茶來。(二）時態(tài)變化在直接引語中在間接引語中一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去進行時過去進行時Theysaid，“Ourparentsoftengoshoppingwithus.”他們說:“我們的父母經常和我們一起購物?！薄鶷heysaidtheirparentsoftenwentshoppingwiththem.他們說他們的父母經常和他們一起購物。(三）狀語、代詞和動詞的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，有些時間狀語、地點狀語、指示代詞和動詞也要作相應的變動。在直接引語中在間接引語中now現(xiàn)在then那時；當時today今天thatday那天tonight今晚thatnight那天晚上thisweek本周thatweek那周yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天時間狀語thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysago三天以前threedaysbefore三天前l(fā)astweek上周theweekbefore前一周tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天nextweek下周thenext/followingweek第二個星期nextmonth下個月thenext/followingmonth第二個月thismorning這個早晨thatmorning那個早晨指示代詞this這that那these這些those那些地點狀語here這里there那里動詞come來go去bring帶來take帶云“Didyouseeherlastweek?”heasked.他問：“你上周見到她了嗎？”→HeaskedifIhadseenhertheweekbefore.他問我前一周是否見到她了。即時訓練1單句填空單句填空1.WhenIgothome,myshoes(clean)bysomebody.2.Hesaidhishomework(finish)already.3.Tom(tell)manytimes,buthestillunderstandit.4.BytheendoflasttermtwohundredEnglishwords(learn)byhim.5.Fortunately,thefire(put)outbeforeitreachedthecrowd.6.ItwasreportedthatMr.Smith(catch)bythepolicefordrunkdriving.7.Infact,thedecisioncould(make)longbeforeyoucamehere.8.Itwashardtofollowthelecture,becauseit(start)whenIarrived.9.ItwasthefirsttimethatI(meet)aprofessorfromthatuniversity.10.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison(make)alivingbyhimself.即時訓練2把下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語1.Shesaid,“IliketowatchTV.”→Shesaidthat2.“Doyouknowtheman?”heaskedme.→Heasked3.“Whatdoyouusuallydointheevening?”heasked.→Heaskedme4.“Don’tmakeanynoise”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold/ordered5.ZhouLansaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.”→ZhouLansaidthat6. Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”→Hesaidthat.7. Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaid8.Hesaid,“IamgoingtoBeijingthisweek.”→Hesaidthat9.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinesstomorrow.”→Mr.Wangsaidthat10.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Thinkbeforeyoudoit!，’→Hisfathertoldhim答案：即時訓練11.hadbeencleaned2.hadbeenfinished3.hadbeentold4.hadbeenlearned5.hadbeenput6.hadbeencaught7.hadbeenmade8.hadstarted9.hadmet10.hadmade即時訓練21.shelikedtowatchTV2.if/whetherIknewtheman3.what Iusuallydidintheevening4.the childrennot