2014高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題復(fù)習(xí)：第六講 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

1、第六講 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài),語法專題復(fù)習(xí),考點透析 1十種常用的動詞時態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。(S主語， do 動詞原形， does動詞第三人稱單數(shù)，did過去式， doing現(xiàn)在分詞， done過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時：Sdo/does. 一般過去時：Sdid. 現(xiàn)在進行時：Sam/is/are doing. 過去進行時：Swas/were doing.,一般將來時：Swill/shalldo. 過去將來時：Sshould/woulddo. 現(xiàn)在完成時：Shave/has done. 過去完成時：Shad done. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時：Shave/has been doing. 過去完成進行時：Shad be

2、en doing.,2在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，這時主句要用一般將來時態(tài)。 (1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨的話，排球賽就會推遲。 (2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on. 如果不阻止城市噪音增長的話，20年后人們就得大喊大叫才能讓人聽見。,3一般現(xiàn)在時可表示主語具備的某種能力、某種性能。例如： (1)I_ pingp

3、ong quite well，but I havent had time to play since the new year. Awill play Bhave played Cplayed Dplay (選D?！皶蚯颉笔侵髡Z具備的一種能力，不會短時間內(nèi)消失，用現(xiàn)在時) (2)Can I help you，sir? Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt work. (doesnt work是主語的性能),4過去將來時和過去完成時都是相對過去時間而存在的時態(tài)，在答題時，一定要仔細揣摩上下文的時間關(guān)系。例如： (1)We we

4、re all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon. (2)How long _ each other before they _ married? For about a year. Ahave they known，get Bdid they know，were going to get Cdo they know，are going to get Dhad they known，got (選D),(3)Helen had left her key in the office，so she had t

5、o wait until her husband came home. 5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等動詞的現(xiàn)在式可表計劃安排好的將來，它們的進行時也可以表示將來的動作。例如： (1)The train _ at four oclock. Lets hurry. Aleave Bleaves Cwill leave Dhad left (選B),(2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mum together. Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake D

6、will have taken (選A) 6be going to表早就安排好的將來，或表根據(jù)某種跡象判斷要發(fā)生的事情；will/shall表臨時決定要做的動作；be to表按約定計劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)主語的意志和決心；be about to表馬上就要發(fā)生的動作，不能與表示將來的確切時間狀語連用。,(1)What are you going to do this evening? Im going to see a film with my friend. (2)Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill? Really? Then Ill go to se

7、e him instead. (3)How about seeing a film tomorrow? Sorry，I cant. I am to take the driving test.,7如果句中有so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示時間的短語，謂語動詞只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： (1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water. (2)I have been busy during the last f

8、ew days.,8句型“It is the first time.”，“This is the last time.”中，從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句型“It was the first time.”，“This was the last time.”中，從句的謂語要用過去完成時。例如： This is the first time Ive been here. That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.,9句中的狀語是“by the end of過去時間”，動詞用過去完成時。 句

9、中的狀語是“by the end of將來時間”，動詞用將來完成時。例如： (1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words. 到上學(xué)期末，我們大約學(xué)了3 000個英語單詞。 (2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five. 到下個月末，我們將已經(jīng)學(xué)完了第五冊。,10進行時、將來時、完成時、情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的謂語分別是be being done，will/shall be done, have/has/had bee

10、n done，情態(tài)動詞be done，不要遺漏任何部分。 11有些動詞形式上是主動語態(tài)，卻表示被動意義。主要有下列幾種情形： (1)be worth doing The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。,(2)need/want/require/beardoingneed/want/require to be done The room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned. 屋子需要打掃。 (3)beadj.to do The place is hard to find in the map. 這個地方在地圖上很

11、難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 (4)表感覺的連系動詞形容詞。 Good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口。,(5)當(dāng)句子的主語是物，同時又是動作涉及的對象，而動詞又是表明主語本身的特性時，用主動形式表被動意義。這時，句末有一個表示方式的副詞。 The pen I bought yesterday writes smoothly. 我昨天買的鋼筆書寫流暢。 The cloth washes well. 這種布耐洗。,強化訓(xùn)練,用所給動詞的正確形式填空 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子連貫的要求，在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中單詞的正確形式填空。 1(2012全國卷)“Life is like

12、walking in the snow , ” Granny used to say, “because every step _.” (show),shows,2(2012上海卷)I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. (save) 3(2012天津卷)The letters for the boss _on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. (put) 4(2012天

13、津卷)The three of us_ around Europe for about a month last summer. (travel),travelled,will have saved,were put,5(2012江蘇卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners. (meet) 6(2012安徽卷)In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over th

14、e past five hours. (do) 7(2012安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (keep),keeps,had met,have been doing,8(2012安徽卷)After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it _.(de

15、corate) 9(2012湖南卷)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. (repay) 10(2012湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. (see),was being decorated,will be repaid,will see,11(2012湖南卷)“The moment _ soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.

16、(come) 12(2012全國卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes. (swim) 13(2012湖南卷)I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _ the piano for years. (play),is coming,swam,havent played,14(2012福建卷)When did the compu

17、ter crash? This morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites. (sort) 15(2012陜西卷)Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five? (fly),was sorting,will be flying,專題訓(xùn)練,廣東各地市歷年模擬題演練 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和句子連貫的要求，使用括號中單詞的正確形式填空。 1All

18、 the animals lined up on the river bank and _ (give) the task of getting to the opposite shore. 2My legs _ (ache) and I wasnt looking forward to cooking dinner.,were given,were aching,3Pretexting is when private investigators treat themselves as someone else, they _ (give) personal information. 4Now their claims _(test) as never before. 5His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other ch