英語劃分句子成分句式練習(xí)題及答案

1、英語句子成分（一）句子主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：劃出主語并說出什么詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in

2、the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. It is necessary to master a foreign language. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （三）謂語：動(dòng)詞做謂語,謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morn

3、ing. 2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：劃出表語并說出有什么詞充當(dāng) Our teacher of English is an American

4、. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（五）賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞

5、后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your

6、 dictionary, please.2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in. You mustnt force him to lend

7、his money to you.We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：名詞，形容詞，代詞，分詞，動(dòng)名詞，不定式短語，介詞短語等例如：找出定語并看由何種成分充當(dāng)： Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a dev

8、eloped country. There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. （八）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)

9、作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語） Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句） 狀語種類如下

10、： How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語） In

11、 order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語） She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語） I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu) He runs qu

12、icklyS十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu) He seems interested in the book常見的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) They found their home easilyS十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu) He offered me his seat/his seat to me帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有 give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，g

13、et；rob，warn等S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) They named the boy Charlie說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓練習(xí)一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in

14、the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

15、13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter t

16、he room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.二、分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I

17、 love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 三.劃分句子成分練習(xí)題（1）1.They are working on the farm now.2.Seeing is believing3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4.She became a doctor in 19985.The book ly

18、ing on the floor are mine6.Suddenly it begins to rain7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday8.I always find her happy9.He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine11.We always work hard at English.12.He said he didnt come.13.S

19、he watched her daughter playing the piano.14.Speaking doesnt mean doing.15.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.16.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.17.It takes me an hour to get there.語法填空強(qiáng)化練習(xí)（1）In the past a gentleman would offer his

20、 seat _(1)_ a lady on a crowded bus. But now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, _(2)_(leave) the lady standing _(3)_ someone else gets off. You cant entirely blame men for this change in manners. _(4)_(go) are the days when women could be referred to the weak. A w

21、hole generation has grown up demanding _(5)_(equal) with men in jobs, in education and in social life. Hold a door for some women _(6)_ you are likely to get _(7)_ angry lecture on treating women _(8)_ weaklings. Take a girl out for a meal and shell probably insist on paying _(9)_ share of the bill.

22、 All these, according to some sociologists, will change mens attitude towards women and the conventional active politeness is perhaps slowly being _(10)_(replace) by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.語法填空強(qiáng)化練習(xí)（2）In the small towns o

23、f the United States in the _(1)_(nineteen) century, the general store was _(2)_ everyone bought the things he couldnt make _(3)_ grow at home. What the stores sold _(4)_(tell) a great deal about _(5)_ life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and _(6)_ foods

24、that the farm didnt produce; articles of clothing that they couldnt make _(7)_; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were _(8)_(thank) for what they had and that they looked _(9)_ with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy _(10)_(live) a life as we do now?語法填空強(qiáng)化練習(xí)（3）Do you feel _(1)_ difficult to be ha