翻譯方法--直譯和意譯.ppt

1、英漢詞義（范圍）對比,英、漢兩種語言中詞義完全對應(yīng)、作用或范圍完全 對等的詞不多，大多只是在詞義上部分重合。,1. 部分英語詞匯的涵義范圍比相應(yīng)的漢語詞匯寬泛。,e.g. Stand-站/立 A tall poplar tree once stood here. 2) The house has stood idle for months. 3) The clock stands at ten to eight.,這兒曾經(jīng)有一棵高大的白楊樹。,那所房子閑置了幾個(gè)月了。,那個(gè)鐘上的時(shí)間是7點(diǎn)50分。,3. 部分英語詞匯的涵義范圍比相應(yīng)的漢語詞匯狹窄。,e.g. eat-吃 吃藥 吃回扣 吃驚 吃

2、香 吃苦 吃老本,take medicine,get commission,be amazed,be popular,bear hardships,live off ones past gains,萬- ten thousand,萬眾 萬物 萬幸 萬全之策 萬事開頭難,millions of people,all things on the earth,very lucky,a completely safe plan,The first step is always difficult.,4. 部分英語詞匯的涵義范圍比相應(yīng)的漢語詞匯既 寬廣又狹窄。,e.g. Make-做 What you

3、said just now does not make sense. 2) She makes her living as a designer. 3）這次我做東。 4）外國科學(xué)家做到的，中國科學(xué)家一定能夠做到，而且能做得更好。,你剛才說的話沒有意義。,她當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)師以維持生計(jì)。,It is my treat today.,What foreign scientists have accomplished, Chinese scientists can also accomplish, and can even do better job of it.,Book - 書,The companys

4、books are audited every year. He is to swear on the Book before taking office. 她家世代書香。 4. 家書抵萬金。,這家公司的賬目每年都核對。,他上任前將手按圣經(jīng)宣誓。,She comes from a long line of scholars.,A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold.,忠實(shí)：指的是譯文必須完整準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)原文的思想 內(nèi)容，保持原文的語氣和文體風(fēng)格。 通順：是指譯文必須通暢易懂，遣詞造句應(yīng)當(dāng)符合 譯語的語法規(guī)范和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 在“

5、忠實(shí)”的前提下，擺脫原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式的束縛， 按照譯語的行文規(guī)范和表達(dá)習(xí)慣組織安排譯文， 切不可逐詞死譯、硬譯，從而避免洋腔洋調(diào)、生 硬別扭。,翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：“忠實(shí)、通順”,你越是努力學(xué)習(xí)英語，你說英語就會(huì)越好。 2. 據(jù)說他一直學(xué)英語。 3. 他要在美國學(xué)習(xí)的愿望是可以理解的。,The harder you study English, the better you speak it.,He is said to have been studying English./ It is said that he has been studying English.,His wish to study i

6、n America is quite understandable./ It is quite understandable that he wishes to study in America.,Where there is a will, there is a way. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 3. Barking dogs do not bite. 4. All roads lead to Rome.,有志者事竟成。,吃一塹，長一智。,吠狗不咬人。,條條大路通羅馬。/殊途同歸。/異曲同工。,翻譯的過程：正確理解妥帖表達(dá)細(xì)致校核,一

7、、正確理解 1.確切理解有關(guān)單詞的意義。對比較難以理解 的單詞，先判斷詞性，在利用各種語境線索 (上下文關(guān)系，搭配關(guān)系，邏輯關(guān)系等）確定詞義。,1）This idea sounds good, but will it work in practice? 2）People from all works of life expressed their great respect to our soldiers because they are the loveliest people in the world.,這個(gè)主意聽起來不錯(cuò)，但實(shí)際上行得通嗎？,各行各業(yè)的人向戰(zhàn)士們表達(dá)了崇高的敬意，因?yàn)?他

8、們是世界上最可愛的人。,Less visible, but probably more important, are the thousands of ways industry has put electric energy to work. 2) Love is like warm sunlight, which will not only bring joy to those who are loved but also add more pleasure to those who love.,2.弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，明辨語法關(guān)系,工業(yè)中使用電能的多種途徑雖然不是很明顯，但可能 是很重要的。,

9、愛猶如溫暖的陽光，它不僅會(huì)給被愛的人帶來快樂， 也會(huì)給愛他的人帶來更多的快樂。,二、妥帖表達(dá)：表達(dá)時(shí)從整體著眼，從細(xì)節(jié)入手， 避免表達(dá)過度或不足。遵循譯文語言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣， 避免翻譯腔。,1. For me personally, it was a blessing in disguise. 2. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 3. You should not despise him because he is backward. 4. Reports of new successes keep pouring in. 5

10、. He sold hard-to-get items.,這就我個(gè)人而言，是禍中得福。,我走在厚厚的地毯上，一點(diǎn)腳步聲也沒有。,不要因?yàn)槟橙寺浜?，你們就看不起他?捷報(bào)頻傳,他兜售緊俏商品。,三、細(xì)致校核： 1）內(nèi)容理解上是否有誤； 2）是否漏譯、錯(cuò)譯或生澀之處。 3）是否拼寫錯(cuò)誤或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號錯(cuò)誤。,翻譯方法：直譯和意譯,直譯literal translation：是指不僅忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容 而且忠實(shí)于原文形式的翻譯方法。直譯在保持原 文內(nèi)容的前提下，力求使譯文與原文在選詞用字、 句法結(jié)構(gòu)、形象比喻及風(fēng)格特征等方面盡可能趨 于一致。,He looks at everything through co

11、lored spectacles. He is a wolf in sheeps clothing. 眼見為實(shí) 別相信他，他是個(gè)大壞蛋。,他戴著有色眼鏡看事物。,Seeing is believing.,Dont trust him, he is a bad egg.,他是一只披著羊皮的狼。,直譯不僅容易理解接受，而且可以保存原文的 形象比喻，進(jìn)而使譯文盡可能同原文一樣富有 感染力。 e.g. cold war hot line chain store ostrich policy black market pillar industry Trojan horse Crocodile tear

12、s olive branch go into the red a wait-and-see attitude Blood is thicker than water. Easier said than done Strike the iron while it is hot.,lie on ones back black tea bulls eye the Milky Way talk horse,仰臥,紅茶,靶心,銀河,吹牛,直譯決不是生搬硬套、對號入座的硬譯、死譯。,櫥窗里擺著的是什么東西？ Shopwindowindisplayediswhatthing? 2. 來就來，可是買這么多水果

13、干什么呀？ Comejustcome,butbuysomanyfruitsdowhat? 3. Ihavereadyourarticles.Iexpectedtomeetanolderman. 我讀過你的文章，我期望見到一位更老的人。,直譯與死譯LiteralTranslationandStiffTranslation,Whatsthatinthe shopwindow?,Youaresokindtobringso manyfruitshere,thankyou.,我讀過你的文章，想不到你這么年輕。,意譯 free translation: 指忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容而不拘泥 于原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式與修辭手法的

14、翻譯方法。由于不同 民族在歷史淵源、文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、地理環(huán)境 等諸多方面的差異，其語言不僅在詞語結(jié)構(gòu)上，而 且在表達(dá)方式上也必然存在許多不同之處。,e.g. 進(jìn)退維谷 between the devil and the deep blue sea 畫蛇添足 carry coals to Newcastle,我不知道他葫蘆里賣的是啥藥？,I dont know what he has got up in his sleeve.,Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. 2. Born with a silver spoon in his mouth, Tom

15、 is really a luck dog. 3. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.,良藥苦口。,湯姆生在富貴人家，真是個(gè)幸運(yùn)兒。,現(xiàn)在人們認(rèn)為，腦筋越用越靈活。,意譯決不是妄加刪改、添油加醋的胡譯、亂譯。,1.Itrainscatsanddogs. 2.我就是跳進(jìn)黃河也洗不清。 ItcantmakemecleanevenifIjumpintotheYellowRiver. 3.Criminalsmustbemadetoseetheconsequ

16、encesoftheir crimes.“Aneyeforeyeandatoothfortooth”isthevery basisofJustice. 直譯：必須使罪犯看到自己犯罪的結(jié)果，“以眼還眼， 以牙還牙”正是法制的基礎(chǔ)。 意譯：必須使罪犯看到自己犯罪的結(jié)果，“以其人之道 還治其人之身”正是法制的基礎(chǔ)。,Nothingcouldbringbackmyinnocence.,雨下得很大。,兩種語言間的差異就決定了英漢翻譯中不可能 始終采用直譯。否則，往往只能硬譯，譯文生 硬別扭甚至背離原意。在這種情況下，就須借 助于意譯，擺脫原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式和表達(dá)方式的束 縛，充分傳達(dá)原文的意義。本質(zhì)上，意譯強(qiáng)

17、調(diào) “神似”。,As timid as a hare To look for a needle in a haystack To laugh off ones head The apple of ones eye Put the cart before the horse Cash crops Small profits but quick returns Technical know-how,膽小如鼠,海底撈針,笑掉大牙,掌上明珠,本末倒置,經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,薄利多銷,技術(shù)知識,直譯和意譯的關(guān)系 兩種翻譯方法各有千秋，在更多情況下互為補(bǔ)充、相輔相成。應(yīng)根據(jù)具體場合靈活掌握、合理使用，使其取長補(bǔ)短、相

18、得益彰。有些句子，無論采取直譯或意譯，都 能達(dá)到通順達(dá)意的效果。,The leopard cant change his spots. 一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚沒水吃。,豹子改不了身上的斑紋/本性難移。,One monk, two buckets of water; two monks, one bucket; three monks, no bucket./ More hands, less done.,It means killing two birds with one stone. 2. Business is a two-way street. 3.Hitler wa

19、s armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years he was completely defeated.,這意味著一石兩鳥/一舉兩得。,生意好比雙行道/生意得有來有往。,希特勒在發(fā)動(dòng)第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)武裝到了牙齒/裝備精良 ，但是不過幾年就被徹底擊敗了。,They were only crying crocodile tears at the old mans funeral because nobody had really liked him. 2. For White, to dis

20、close his long-held privacy means to strike the heel of Achilles. 3. Every time Robert visits me, one of my books disappears. Im beginning to smell a rat.,在老頭子的葬禮上，他們只不過擠了幾滴鱷魚的 眼淚，因?yàn)樵诶先松?，沒有人真的喜歡過他。,對懷特來說，要揭開他長期的隱私意味著攻擊它的弱點(diǎn)。,羅伯特每來我這一次，我就丟一本書，于是我開始 起疑了。,“特洛伊木馬”（Trojan horse）簡稱“木馬”，據(jù)說這個(gè)名稱 來源于希臘神話木馬屠城記

21、。古希臘有大軍圍攻特洛 伊城，久久無法攻下。于是有人獻(xiàn)計(jì)制造一只高二丈的大 木馬，假裝作戰(zhàn)馬神，讓士兵藏匿于巨大的木馬中，大部 隊(duì)假裝撤退而將木馬擯棄于特洛伊城下。城中得知解圍的 消息后，遂將“木馬”作為奇異的戰(zhàn)利品拖入城內(nèi)，全城飲 酒狂歡。到午夜時(shí)分，全城軍民盡入夢鄉(xiāng)，匿于木馬中的 將士開秘門游繩而下，開啟城門及四處縱火，城外伏兵涌 入，部隊(duì)里應(yīng)外合，焚屠特洛伊城。后世稱這只大木馬為 “特洛伊木馬”。如今黑客程序借用其名，有“一經(jīng)潛入，后 患無窮”之意。 Trojan horse常用來指內(nèi)部顛覆者 They are defeated only because of the Trojan ho

22、rse in their country. 他們戰(zhàn)敗的原因只是因?yàn)樗麄儑鴥?nèi)有暗藏的敵人。,ostrich policy “鴕鳥政策” 有時(shí)也寫成head in the sand approach 據(jù)說鴕鳥在遭到外敵追趕不能逃脫時(shí)，就會(huì)讓頭鉆進(jìn) 沙里，以為自己什么都看不見就會(huì)太平無事。殊不知， 自己大大的屁股露在外面，更加引人注目。后來人們 用它來嘲諷拒絕面對現(xiàn)實(shí) ，自欺欺人的政策 。 ostrich policy被廣泛運(yùn)用到外交和經(jīng)濟(jì)等領(lǐng)域而逐漸 流傳開來。 意思是“逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)” head in the sand e.g. If there is a difficulty, you cannot just bury your head in the sand.（如果有困難，你不能逃避它）,olive branch橄欖枝即油橄欖的樹枝，油橄欖是希臘的 國樹，這與希臘人民心目中神圣女神雅典娜是分不開 的。果屬山欖科常綠小灌木