高三英語一輪專題復(fù)習(xí)課件：高考完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo).ppt

1、新課標(biāo)人教版課件系列,高中英語 高考系列復(fù)習(xí)56,56一輪復(fù)習(xí)高考完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo),高考英語完形填空專題,完形填空是NMET試題中的一個(gè)重要部分?！巴晷翁羁展?0題(從第3655題)，考試時(shí)間為15分鐘，分值為30分，占總分的20。在一篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約250詞)內(nèi)留有20個(gè)空格，每個(gè)空格為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。填空的詞項(xiàng)包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)義詞?！薄巴晷翁羁詹糠值哪康氖菧y試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力”。（測試能力要求大體接近大學(xué)非英語專業(yè)二年級水平。）,高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說明對高考完形填空的規(guī)定,語法結(jié)構(gòu)

2、,詞匯題,篇章結(jié)構(gòu),高考完形 填空考什么？,詞匯手段,復(fù)現(xiàn),同現(xiàn),詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系指的是某一詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句子通過這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到了相互銜接。詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系又可分為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)四類。,復(fù)現(xiàn),eg: 1.They go to sleep in all kinds of places. Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the mud, and many other anim

3、als dig holes in the earth. 2. Indeed without Einstein s theory，which was the resul to many complicated mathematical calculations，there would never have been any practical application of nuclear power 3. At that moment,however,he felt strangely unwilling to do so.Instead of moving backward as planne

4、d,he took a step forward ,and then another!,(概括和同義復(fù)現(xiàn)),上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),反義復(fù)現(xiàn),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_, It can be said that foreign _74_ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also (creates) problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual.fessor and his students (lack) background in

5、each others culture. 74. A. situation B. background C. circumstances D. condition,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示情況的概念,而一個(gè)外籍老師的情況又該用什么詞來表達(dá),通過文章后半部的閱讀考生就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)background一詞，便可判斷此處答案為B。, As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. Moving the pilot (aside), the man took his seat and listened

6、carefully to the (urgent) instructions that were being sent by radio from the airport (below). The plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyones (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to _84_ the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the

7、plane. Following _88_, the man guided the plane toward the airfield. 84. A. surround B. circle C. observe D. view 88. A. impressions B. information C. inspections D. instructions,從上文中的circled可以推斷84在機(jī)場上盤旋應(yīng)該是B。從上文中l(wèi)istened to the instructions可以判斷88為D。這樣，84為上文中circle的復(fù)現(xiàn)；follow instructions 為listen to i

8、nstructions的復(fù)現(xiàn)。, Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. It is the _80_responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library.A. students B. professors C. assistants D. librarians,從前面的responsibilities for learning lie with the students可以判斷查找材

9、料也應(yīng)該是學(xué)生的責(zé)任，所以答案為A。,2) 同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn), Forcing yourself to recall (almost) never helps because it doesnt _ your memory; it only tightens it. 81. A. loosen B. weaken C. decreaseD. reduce There are four types of blood. _67_ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. 67. A. All B. Mo

10、st C. No D. Some,前后兩部分互為解釋，一為肯定，一為否定，為反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。從下文的tighten可以判斷，上文應(yīng)該是選loosen。并列連詞and說明前后語意一致，那么，前后應(yīng)該是反義復(fù)現(xiàn)，與no 反義的自然是A(all) 。, Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the

11、(information) in the reading When research is _78_, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (minimum) guidance. 78. A. collected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished,該部分作者通過兩個(gè)例子說明，應(yīng)該有學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)自己的學(xué)習(xí)，都是從布置作業(yè)方面解釋。說明布置閱讀作業(yè)時(shí)要求學(xué)生如何；布置研究作業(yè)時(shí)又該要求學(xué)生如何。兩個(gè)例子概念復(fù)現(xiàn)，借助于give readin

12、g assignment的表達(dá)方式，可以確定78應(yīng)該是B，構(gòu)成assign research的結(jié)構(gòu),3) 同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn), (Although) these wide modern roads are generally (smooth) and well maintained, with (little) sharp curves and many straight (sections) others are uneven road _85_ through the country. 85. A. driving B. curving C. crossing D. travelling,上文中提

13、高高速公路上的彎道時(shí)用的是curve，85復(fù)現(xiàn)彎道的概念，用的應(yīng)該是與curve有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞，即curving, Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a _85_ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of (man) other objectives. 85. A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific Consider the everyday Eng

14、lish _87_ Goodbye.87.A. expression B. statement C. proverb D.conversation,冒號后自然是對上文的解釋，從解釋的內(nèi)容來看，三者統(tǒng)一于一個(gè)概念之下：specific為具體，所以答案為D / B是特殊的 Goodbye為所填之詞的同位語，goodbye 為下義詞，其上義詞應(yīng)該是A，expression。,4) 上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),1)場所同現(xiàn) This is thought to be a _89_ where further study is called (for). 89. A. a scope B. field C. range

15、 D. district,研究就有研究的領(lǐng)域、研究的課題、從事研究的人員。所以 研究與領(lǐng)域是同現(xiàn)，答案自然就是B。, Another (way) to divide the study of _80_ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the _81_ starts with human beings and _82_ how human beings and their environment act (up

16、on) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, _84_ branch can neglect the other.80. A. world B earth C. globe D. geography81.A. second B. next C. later D. latter82.A. learns B. studies CrealizesD.understands84. A. neither B. to C. one D. by,從文章主題(也就是話題)來看，本短文所談?wù)摰氖堑乩?。地理作為一門科學(xué)有

17、其研究的內(nèi)容。所以，geography, science, study是同現(xiàn)詞匯, 80答案為D，這從下文分述中的復(fù)現(xiàn)也可證明；82答案為B，是同現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞。 從上文former的使用可以推斷82答案為D，因former與latter為結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)。 最后the other的使用說明只有兩個(gè)，況且這一段所討論的就是兩種地理觀的區(qū)別，那么兩者都不自然就是neither， 也就是說neither與the other本來是同現(xiàn)關(guān)系。,2)修飾同現(xiàn) (Although) these wide modern roads are generally _72_ and well maintained, with (

18、little) sharp curves and many straight _74_, a direct route is not always the most (enjoyable one).72. A. stable B. smoothC.splendidD.complicated74. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections 本題涉及到名詞同現(xiàn)和形容詞同現(xiàn)。與高速公路同現(xiàn)的形容詞自然應(yīng)該是平坦，有高速公路同現(xiàn)的名詞自然有路段。由此來判斷可知72答案為B，74答案為D。,語法手段,照應(yīng),替代,省略,2、語法結(jié)構(gòu)方面對語法結(jié)構(gòu)

19、的考查集中在1）虛擬語氣； 2）定語從句（連接詞，限定與非限定定語從句的區(qū)別，定語從句與其它主從復(fù)合句的區(qū)別）； 3）狀語從句； 4）非謂語動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動(dòng)名詞)；5）主謂搭配一致 (時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，人稱，數(shù))； 6）并列句，省略句，倒裝句及割裂的復(fù)雜句子 ；7) 邏輯主語(主要是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語)，在句法上不是主謂關(guān)系，但在語義上為施動(dòng)者與動(dòng)作的關(guān)系；8)詞類之間的搭配要求，如名詞需要形容詞，名詞，冠詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞，詞組及定語從句修飾；動(dòng)詞需要副詞詞組修飾；及物動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加賓語等。做這一類題除了要有系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確的語法知識(shí)之外，還要注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和語篇內(nèi)容，這樣才

20、能確保答案的正確。,eg:,(1) In addition to, there are words from Spanish in English and many American Indian words and names;even Chineses and Japanese words have found their way into the English language.This borrowing of words from_is one the key reasons for some of the difficulties that people meet with wh

21、en they are learning English. (2) Unfortunately there are a large number of people in my family;some wanted to see one programme_others preferred another.,分析填other language，這里的other languages與前邊的English language對照。,分析 填：while,表示some與others對照。,(1) For example,if consumers buy only small cars,manufact

22、ures will keep on making_If consumers buy only large automobiles, manufacturers will make these instead. Sometimes,the quality of the service that is available will decide which cars are bought A.which B.it C. ones D.them (2) Of course he did not understand a thing,but he nodded his head as_he. A.di

23、d B.had C.understood D.could (3)The strange Dr had been loved by someone:he had given his life,as Charley_,for a cause he believed right. A./ B.had been C.had D.had done,分析選them，代替cars。,分析選did，代替understood,分析選had,代替had given his life。,Fill in the forms below in proper words. (4) Brayton rose to his

24、feet and prepared to back softly away from the snakeAt that moment，however,he felt strangely unwilling to do_1_.Instead of moving backward_2_ planned,he took a step forward,and then another!,分析1填so，代替前邊的back softly away from the snake 2填as，代替后邊的take a step forward do,eg:Choose the best answer to the

25、 question A philosopher said that we have no right to oppose a position until we can state that position in a way that fully satisfies those who hold; until,indeed,we can make out a better case for it than the proponent himself_. A.can do B.may C.do D.can,分析:填can，是前邊can make out a better casefor it的

26、省略。,這里指的是句際關(guān)系，即在連貫的語篇中句子與句子之間在結(jié)構(gòu)上和意思上的聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義來看，語篇中句子間的交際關(guān)系主要有以下幾種類型。,邏輯手段,邏輯手段,并列關(guān)系,順序關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,解釋關(guān)系,分指 關(guān)系,因果關(guān)系,Never ask a child (whether )he likes and dislikes a food and never (discuss) in front of him or allow 6 else to do so.A) everybody B) anybodyC) somebody D) nobodyIt is always satisfying to

27、 do something_no one else has done. A.which B.what C.it D.that 本題考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)，此空要求填一個(gè)不定代詞。這是一個(gè)由never開頭的否定句，只是never在并列分句中承前省略，改為由or連接，故選anybody，形成never allow anybody else to do so的結(jié)構(gòu)。,Choose the best answer to questions below： (1)Among many people there is uneasy mood-a suspicion that change is out of cont

28、ro1.Not everyone,_,shares this anxiety A.but B.and C.while D.however (2) He appeared calm,_inside his heart was beating wildly with fear. A.and B.or C.but D.otherwise,分析： (1) 填however，表示前一句與本句的轉(zhuǎn)折。 (2) 填but,表calm 和fear對照。,上下文語境,1 I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father followi

29、ng with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcase 3 down the stairs.1). A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired2.) A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked3). A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D.

30、 turning,分析：在把握上文“我提著衣箱緩慢地上樓梯”的情況下，可知1題答案為D. tired，即當(dāng)我到達(dá)三樓時(shí)，已經(jīng)很累了；再從爸爸“提著兩只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息詞“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滾下了樓梯。因此2、3題的答案分別為C、A，盡管其它選項(xiàng)在語法上均無錯(cuò)誤。,2.That “something special” was men- _individuals who could invent machines, find new (sources) of power, and establish business organization to

31、 reshape the society. The men who _ the machines of the (came )from many backgrounds and many occupations.4 A) generating B) effective C) motivation D) creative6 .A) employed B) created C) operated D) controlled,第4題選D) 。句中creative individuals是后面定語從句who invent machines在意義上的同現(xiàn)，符合上下文。第6題選B) created。Cre

32、ated是上一句中creative individuals who could invent machines的近義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其他選項(xiàng)均與上下文不符。,1.It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars . He wanted to _ a model plane and went to the shop with the money . A sell B. buy C. hold D. bring 2. Tom wants to learn more about the British political system, b

33、ut he doesnt know where to get the _. A. situation B. information C. conversation D.association,2. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí) 及文化背景知識(shí) 進(jìn)行邏輯推理,例1： It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their_ . This was the beginning of another_ day in New York City.1.

34、A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hotC. sameD. ordinary,分析：從信息詞“early morning”和“sleepy-eyed”來判斷，B. homes不符合邏輯，按生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們是去上班。這時(shí)有些考生也許會(huì)認(rèn)為，既然上班，就要去“擠公交車”或“去辦公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、騎車的或坐地鐵的，也有自己開車去的。人們上班有去農(nóng)場的、煤礦的，還有去工廠車間的，不一定去辦公室。因此，C. buses和D. offices不符合生活實(shí)際。1題只有A. jobs才是最合乎邏輯的選項(xiàng)，人們起床后，各自奔向自

35、己的工作崗位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此2題答案是D. ordinary,例2：（NMET1998）Every morning she would give him breakfast 29 bed and bring him the papers to 30 .29.A. to B. at C. in D. by30.A. check B. read C. keep D. sign,分析：29題的答案是C，bed的前面應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞in。至于30題，就要用到相應(yīng)的文化背景知識(shí)：外國人有早上讀報(bào)的習(xí)慣，句中papers即報(bào)紙（newspapers）。這是理解文章細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵。有了這些文

36、化背景知識(shí)，便可迅速推斷出最佳選項(xiàng)B. read。因?yàn)樯钪羞^分溺愛孩子的母親，讓兒子“在床上”吃早飯，“讀”早報(bào)是很自然的事情，這也正與文章的主旨相吻合。,根據(jù)詞語的習(xí)慣 用法和固定搭配 來選擇答案,詞的固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞的搭配在完形填空題中出現(xiàn)的比例也是比較大的，多數(shù)題目涉及到動(dòng)詞的用法和各種搭配關(guān)系，這是由動(dòng)詞在句子中的重要性決定的。動(dòng)詞在搭配關(guān)系上與名詞、介詞、副詞的用法緊密相關(guān)。解決這類題目要求考生多讀、多記，對所學(xué)習(xí)語或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能靈活運(yùn)用。,4.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義,例1：Dad taught me a lot about life, especially i

37、ts hard times.I remembered one of his 1 one night when I was ready to quit (退出) a political campaign（運(yùn)動(dòng)）I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary.Tired, feeling the months of 2 , I went up to my study to make some notes.1. A. classes B. advice C. lessons D. talks2. A. struggleB. workingC. battle D. defence,分析：class（課，班級，階級）advice（忠告，建議，不可數(shù)名詞）lesson（課程，教訓(xùn)）talk（談話，講演），根據(jù)短文中提供的信息，應(yīng)該是作者準(zhǔn)備退出一場失敗了的政治活動(dòng)時(shí)，父親“教訓(xùn)”了他一