定語(yǔ)從句高考考點(diǎn)講解1.ppt

1、定 語(yǔ) 從 句,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行詞,放置于名詞之_，修飾名詞的從句,關(guān)系詞,連接作用,1.,2.,在從句中充當(dāng)成分,后,關(guān)系詞,1.,關(guān)系代詞,2.,關(guān)系副詞,1.,指人,2.,指物,3.,指某一情況,that,who,whom,whose,that,which,whose,which,as,不能放于句首,放于句中或句首,“正如”,when,where,why,(主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)),(狀語(yǔ)),1、_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （

2、04江蘇） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 2、John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. （01北京春季） Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho,1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般采用 which 或 as 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。使用這兩個(gè)詞時(shí)要注意三點(diǎn)： （1）as 引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，而which 引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。（2）從意義上講，which 指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而 as 指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識(shí)性的東西，因此常譯成“就象那樣、正如所的”。 （3）如果定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容

3、對(duì)主句的內(nèi)容起消極作用，則用 which，而不用 as，,考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞: as,D,C,注意 the same as / such as 的使用問(wèn)題 當(dāng)先行詞被 the same 所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示同一種類多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如： This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器。 This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)

4、一樣。 在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒(méi)有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you have.,Such as 與such that He is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect. A that B. as C. who D. so,B,他是那樣一位好老師，我們大家都熱愛(ài)和尊敬他,他是一位我們大家都熱愛(ài)和尊敬的好老師,He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him.,He is such a good

5、 teacher as we all love and respect.,1.a.It is such an interesting book _ we all want to read twice. b. It is such an interesting book_ we all want to read it twice. A as, as B. that, that C. as, that D. that, as 2.I have never heard such stories _ he tells. A.as B. that C. which D. what,C,A,考點(diǎn)二：分析有

6、無(wú)先行詞,巧解定語(yǔ)從句試題 先行詞是被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的中心名詞,沒(méi)有它的存在,定語(yǔ)從句就不能成立。,例1: He made another wonderful discovery ,_of great importance to science. A. which I think isB. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think which is,因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的詞,故B、C為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),另外關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊接在先行詞后面,所以插入語(yǔ)I think應(yīng)放在關(guān)系代詞后面。,A,例2: Is this factory_ you

7、visited yesterday? A. Which B. thatC. where D. the one,不少同學(xué)可能會(huì)將factory作為先行詞而誤選A或B,其實(shí)將該句還原成陳述句This factory is_you visited yesterday.時(shí),可以清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)該定語(yǔ)從句缺少在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的先行詞,所以應(yīng)填the one。,D,例3: The students in our class study harder than _are in their class. A. who B. those whoC. thatD. which,分析語(yǔ)境含義及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空缺少先行詞和

8、在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)填those who。,B,考點(diǎn)三：有時(shí)先行詞含義較為抽象,較難看出其屬性,應(yīng)多加思索并認(rèn)真分析后才能正確解題。,例1: Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. whichC. whileD. why,析:先行詞situation意為“處境”,表抽象地點(diǎn)且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,例2: I can think of many cases_students

9、obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. whyB. whichC. asD. where,析:many cases 意為“場(chǎng)合”,表抽象地點(diǎn)且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,例4: In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions _ members are confused or uncertain of their ro

10、les. A. where B. when C. which D. that,B,析:occasions 意為“場(chǎng)合,時(shí)機(jī),機(jī)會(huì)”,表抽象時(shí)間且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,例3: Her illness will not develop to the point_ no medicine can cure her. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as,析:point意為“地步”,表抽象地點(diǎn)且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,考點(diǎn)四： whose指物時(shí)可與of which等互換，但應(yīng)注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)

11、系。如：,This is the book,the cover of which whose cover,is blue.,1) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. （05天津卷） A. that B. whose C. those D. what 2) George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (04北京） A. the

12、real nameB. what his real name C. his real nameD. whose real name,B,D,“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如題2），又能作賓語(yǔ)（如題1）。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人（如題2），但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念（如題1），這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+of which” 。題1可變?yōu)椋篺rom the effects of which ,考點(diǎn)五：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的比較,1、Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visit

13、ed three months ago? （05北京春季） A. where B. when C. that D. what 2、There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全國(guó)II） A. whereB. which C. when D. that,C,A,當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的 time, day 等和表地點(diǎn)的 place, house 等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用 which 或 that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用 when 或 where。題1中的 f

14、arm 作 visited 的賓語(yǔ)，故選C；題2中的 trousers 作 wiped 的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選A。,考點(diǎn)六：介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,1、The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江蘇卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 2、He was educated at a local grammar school,

15、 _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山東卷） A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this,C,C,題1中 the place 在定語(yǔ)從句中作 to be built 的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，此處的 at which 相當(dāng)于 where; 后面是表語(yǔ)從句，表示建在某地。題2表示讀完當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)法學(xué)校后去劍橋深造，故選C。,介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是近幾年高考中 的熱點(diǎn)，復(fù)習(xí)中需注意以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：,關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，不論是在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，還是在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能用 whom 指人，which

16、指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如： Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to? The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.,2. 要確認(rèn)關(guān)系代詞前用什么介詞，需根據(jù)從句中的動(dòng)詞與先行詞的關(guān)系來(lái)確定。所以解題時(shí)需分析從句與主句之間的關(guān)系。,解題思路,1。通讀全句，首先考慮是不是某種句型，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。,4。將選項(xiàng)代入句子，看前后是否語(yǔ)意貫

17、通。,2。題干若是疑問(wèn)句，首先把它恢復(fù)為正常語(yǔ)序,3。觀察設(shè)空的前前后后，確地定從句的性質(zhì)，回憶相關(guān)從句的用法特點(diǎn)。從中作出取舍。,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,

18、the one,Correct the sentences:,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those which havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,who,(that/which),Correct the sentences:,9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat