陜西省漢中市鋪鎮(zhèn)初級中學(xué)中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 名詞課件.ppt

1、名 詞,名詞 專有名詞（如：Tom、China、 the United States),可數(shù)名詞,普通名詞,物質(zhì)名詞(如： water水) 抽象名詞(如:happiness),個體名詞(如：teacher教師) 集體名詞(如：police警察),不可數(shù)名詞,名詞的定義：表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象及其他抽象概念名稱的詞。,一、專有名詞 1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao 2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing 3.表示星期、月份等時間概念的名稱，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February 4.表

2、示中外節(jié)日： 國際性節(jié)日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day Teachers Day 中國節(jié)日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方節(jié)日: Christmas Day Easter(復(fù)活節(jié)）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人節(jié)) 5. 機(jī)構(gòu)或一些社會團(tuán)體的名稱，它們往往縮寫,如: CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC,二、不可數(shù)名詞,一、不可數(shù)名詞 數(shù)量的表達(dá)法： 通過改變量詞形式的方法來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,a bottle

3、of water-two bottles of water a piece of bread-three pieces of bread,表示不可數(shù)名詞量的相關(guān)詞語還有：some, a lot of , much, a little , little, lots of,鞏固練習(xí): (1 )一茶杯茶 （2）一塊冰 （3）一條面包 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）一磅糖 （6）許多杯牛奶,二、既可做不可數(shù)名詞，又可做可數(shù)名詞的：,不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞,paper 紙 a paper glass 玻璃 a glass iron 鐵 a iron room 空間 a room chicken 雞肉 a chic

4、ken beauty 美 a beauty,一張報紙 一個玻璃杯 一個熨斗 一個房間 一只小雞 一個美人,cap-caps desk-desks,三、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,規(guī)則變化,A.絕大多數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式在單數(shù)形式后加-S,B.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在其后加-es,bus-buses box-boxes,C.(1)以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的名詞需把y 變?yōu)閕再加-es storystories (2)以元音字母+ y結(jié)尾的名詞在后面直接加-s daydays,D.以e結(jié)尾的名詞加-S,Page-pages Rose-roses Prize-prizes,PK time I,ta

5、sk- watch- dish- star- boy- stomach- class-,tasks watches dishes stars boys stomaches classes,PK time I,baby house- country party toy- exercise- mouth-,babies houses countries parties toys exercises mouths,E.以-f 或-fe結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞,先將 f 或fe 變成 v 再加-es,妻子 拿刀 去宰狼 wife knife wolf wives knives wolves 小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌 躲在

6、架 后保 己 命 半片樹葉遮目光,thief-thieves,shelf-shelves,lifelives,self-selves,half-halves,leaf-leaves,F.（1）以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞，以及某些以 o結(jié)尾的 外來詞，變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時只加-S radioradios,（ 2）以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時多數(shù)加-es potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes 黑人 英雄 愛吃土豆 西紅柿 Negro hero potato tomato,PK time ,zoo thief piano leaf zero roof tom

7、ato hero,zoos thieves pianos leaves zeros roofs tomatoes heroes,不規(guī)則變化,特殊變化：,單復(fù)同形,man policeman woman foot tooth mouse child ox ,sheep fish deer Chinese Japanese ,men,policemen,women,feet,teeth,mice,children,oxen,3. 表示“某國人”的名詞，其變化有三種情況,a Japanese five Japanese ( e.g Chinese ),a Frenchman two Frenchme

8、n ( e.g Englishman Englishwoman fisherman policeman Frenchwoman ),a German five Germans ( e.g Russian American Indian Italian Korean ),4. 常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,trousers glasses clothes woods thanks news goods politics socks physics,口訣：中日不變英法變，其余后面s站,5. 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,a. 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),e.g a boy student a flower shop an

9、 apple tree,b. 當(dāng)名詞的第一個構(gòu)成部分為man, woman時， 將2個構(gòu)成部分均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),e.g a woman teacher a man nurse ,boy students,flower shops,apple trees,women teachers,men nurses,四、名詞的所有格,Tom的書怎么表示答? 房間的窗戶?,Toms book. window of the room,Mikes bag,麥克的包 男孩的小刀 教師節(jié) 兒童節(jié) 婦女節(jié),有生命名詞,the boys knife,Teachers Day,Childrens Day,Womans Day,

10、the legs of the chair,椅子腿 房間里的桌子 北京最好的公園 今天的作業(yè) 中國的城市 2小時步行路程,無生命名詞,Beijings best park,todays homework,Chinas cities,the tables of the room,two hours walk,四、名詞的所有格,有生命的名詞,單數(shù)名詞后加s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞,以s結(jié)尾的名詞只加,不以s結(jié)尾的仍加s,無生命的名詞,用of,時間、國家、距離除外,有生命+ s ；以s結(jié)尾的+ 無生命用of 時間、國家、距離、城市除外,四、名詞的所有格,1. 各自所有都加s; 多者共有s加后,e.g 珍妮和海倫的

11、房間 珍妮的房間和海倫的房間,Jenny and Helens room,Jennys and Helens rooms,2. 表示某人的家、店鋪、診所時，常省略所有格 后面的名詞,e.g: at my uncles = at my uncles home at the butchers=at the butchers shop,雙重所有格,我父親的朋友中的一個 a friend of my fathers,my teachers office,1 我老師的辦公室 2 學(xué)生們的練習(xí)本 3 今天的報紙 4 十五分鐘的路程 5 到湯姆家去,Practice,to Toms,15 minutes w

12、alk,todays newspaper,students exercise books,7 廣東的省會 8 教室的門 9 我父親的一個朋友 10 他的兩個兄弟 11 他弟弟的一張照片(照片屬于他弟弟) 12 他弟弟的一張照片(照片里的人是他弟),the capital of Guangdong,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my father (s),two brothers of his,a picture of his brothers,a picture of his brother,主謂一致,當(dāng)class, family, team,

13、group, public 等集體名詞做主語時，如果看成一個整體，動詞就用單數(shù);看成一個個具體成員時，就用復(fù)數(shù)。,e.g The class_ waiting for her. Toms family _ very big. Toms family _ film fans.,is,are,news, maths, politics 表示單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。,e.g The news _her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,are,makes,3.像goods, chopsticks, shoes, glasses,clothes trous

14、ers等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,e.g :The shoes _ hers.,但是: A pair of glasses _ on the table. Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.,is,are,are,police,people(人們),youth(青年們)只有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace.,love,但是: people當(dāng)“民族”，youth當(dāng)“男青年”講時，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,He is a

15、 youth of 20. Many English-speaking peoples _ this book.,like,5.像deer、sheep等單復(fù)同形的詞，動詞單復(fù)根據(jù)具體情況定,A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field.,are,Are there any _ on the hill? Yes, there are some. A. house B. sheep C. animal D. horse 2. You can put your schoolbags on _

16、desk. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucy C. Lily and Lucys D. Lilys and Lucys,3. _ is always on December 25 every year. A. April Fools time B. Tree Planting Day C. Christmas Day D. New Years Day 4. We havent any _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some coke and orange juice. A. vegetables B. fruit C. d

17、rink D. food 5. What always goes up but never comes down? -_. A. Age B. Water C. Air D. Temperature,Look! Those three _(Englishman) are talking with three _(German). We can see a lot of _(sheep) at the foot of the hill, but we cant see any _(people) there. Now we can get much _(information) through the Internet.,Englishmen,Germans,sheep,people,information,4. Wheres your b