牛津英語7A英語語法過去完成時

1、牛津英語7a英語語法(四) 過去完成時一概念：表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作就用過去完成時。其構(gòu)成是had（通用于各種人稱和數(shù)）+動詞的過去分詞。二句式：1. 陳述句肯定式： 主語+had+動詞的過去分詞+其他成分they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the school.在他們到達學校之前，他們已經(jīng)吃早飯了。i had finished writing my homework .我已經(jīng)寫完了我的作文。she had searched the internet for three hours when sh

2、e found the picture當她找到了相片時，她已經(jīng)在因特網(wǎng)上查詢了三個小時。iwent over what i had written again and again so that i wouldnt make any mistakes.我一遍又一遍地檢查了我所寫的內(nèi)容，以至我沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯誤2陳述句否定式：主語+had+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他成分he remembered i hadnt told him the truth yet.我記得我沒有告訴他真相。he said that he had never seen such a beautiful girl befor

3、e.他說他以前從來沒有看過這樣美麗的女孩兒。3一般疑問句: had +主語 + 動詞的過去分詞+其他成分had you reached the cinema before six oclock?到六點以前，你們已經(jīng)到達電影院了嗎？4. 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+had+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他成分how many english films had you seen by the end of last term?到上學期期末為止，你們看了多少部英文片？三用法1. 過去完成時常常用在間接引語里，放在 said , told , asked , thought 等過去時動詞的后面。這個時態(tài)指的

4、是在談話或產(chǎn)生想法之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。如：i thought i had returned the book a week before . 我認為我一星期前就已把書還了。he said that he had helped her already . 他說他已經(jīng)幫助過她。2.在包含有 when , before , after , until 等連詞的復合句中，如果主句謂語和從句謂語表示的過去動作是不同時間發(fā)生的，那么更先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完成時表示。如：when i woke up , it had already stopped snowing .我醒來時,雪已經(jīng)停了.(雪停是發(fā)生在我

5、醒來之前,可能剛停不久,也可能停了很久了。)when he had finished his homework he played outside . 他完成作業(yè)之后才出去玩兒。（做作業(yè)發(fā)生在出去玩之前）3表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示“原本”，“未能we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.4. 過去時與過去完成時的區(qū)別：時間點與過去時連用，表示動作發(fā)生在這一點上；時間點與過去完成時連用，表示動作完成于這一點上。如：at six ocl

6、ock he did his homework . 他在六點鐘做作業(yè)。at six oclock he had done his homework . 他在六點鐘時已經(jīng)做完了作業(yè)。時間段與過去時連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在這段時間的某一 點或這段時間的始終；時間段與過去完成時連用，則強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)在這段時間完成。如：i learned english during my summer holidays . 我在暑假里學過英語。i had learned english during my summer holidays 我在暑假里學會了英語。5過去完成時的時間狀語：before, by, unt

7、il , when, after, once, as soon as。he said that he had learned how to cook before.他說他以前學過如何烹飪。by the time he was ten, he had began to make a living by himself. 當他十歲的時候，他開始自己謀生。四注意：1. had no when還沒等就2. had no sooner than剛就3. 主語hadhardly(scarcely)過去分詞when(before)主語一般過去時。4. 主語hadno sooner過去分詞than主語一般過去

8、時。5. it was時間since主語過去完成時練習題 1. tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. a. left； had arrived b. left； arrivedc. had left； had arrived d. had left； arrived2.the pen i _ i _ is on my desk，right under my nose.a. think； lostb. thought； had lostc. think； had lostd. thought；

9、 have lost3.by the end of last year i _ 100 articles.a. have writtenb. wrotec. writtend. had written4_ got into the room，_ the telephone rang.a. he hardly had；thenb. hardly had he；whenc. he had not；thatd. not had he；when5 helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.a. h

10、as left； comesb. left； had comec. had left； camed. had left； would come6. they asked me to have a drink with them. i said that it was at least ten years since i _ a good drink.a. had enjoyedb. was enjoyingc. enjoyedd. had been enjoying7.we _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.a. had learnedb. have learnedc. learnedd. will have learned8. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office.a. had written, leftb.were writing, has left c. had written, had leftd. were writing, had left9. they _ the work