2017屆英語(yǔ)高考(江蘇專(zhuān)用)第一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、第十周虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、if條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012湖南高考)對(duì)不起，我太忙了。要是有時(shí)間，我一定與你一起去郊游。We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.(2012天津高考)如果昨天哈羅德沒(méi)送我們回家，我們會(huì)打出租車(chē)回家的。Grace doesnt want to move to New York because

2、she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.(2012安徽高考)格雷絲不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為，如果她住到那里去，她就不能經(jīng)?？吹礁改噶?。if條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法if條件從句從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去情況had過(guò)去分詞should/would/could/mighthave過(guò)去分詞表示將來(lái)情況should動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/

3、might動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式were to動(dòng)詞原形二、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt been caught drunk driving last month.(2014北京海淀模擬)事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為如果上個(gè)月你沒(méi)因酒駕被逮住的話，我們現(xiàn)在就在西安呢。If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.(2014杭州一檢)要是你說(shuō)句話離開(kāi)家，你父母現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)那么擔(dān)心了。當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從

4、句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。三、省略if的倒裝句If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(2012浙江高考)要是他們知道下一步發(fā)生什么，他們會(huì)三思的。If it shoul

5、d rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。四、含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Im really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.(2014湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)等十二校二次聯(lián)考)我真的很忙，否則我就和你一起去購(gòu)物了。I would have come sooner but I di

6、dnt know that they were waiting for me.(2011天津高考)我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們?cè)诘任?。有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等來(lái)引導(dǎo)或者通過(guò)上下文引出。五、(should) do .結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010福建高考)老師們建議父母，為了安全不要讓他們12歲以下的孩子騎車(chē)上學(xué)。I

7、t is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.我的意見(jiàn)是在接受之前我們要反復(fù)考慮。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand, order,

8、 require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。2用于主語(yǔ)從句中在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。3用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在suggest

9、ion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。六、wish賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鳥(niǎo)能在天空自由飛翔。I wish that I hadnt agreed to go to Jims party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2014北京東城一模)我要是當(dāng)時(shí)

10、沒(méi)有答應(yīng)參加吉姆的聚會(huì)就好了，因?yàn)榻裢砦冶仨氉鲆恍╊~外的工作。How I wish I could fly to the moon one day.我多么希望我有一天能飛向月球。wish后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣1對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)2對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：wish主語(yǔ)had過(guò)去分詞3對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：wish主語(yǔ)would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形七、其他句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on

11、its culture.(2010江蘇高考)喬治將要談?wù)撽P(guān)于他的國(guó)家的地理情況，但是我寧愿他更多地談它的文化(方面的情況)。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(2014浙江六校聯(lián)考)是我們致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)改善的時(shí)候了。He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.他站起來(lái)給她讓座，他好像讀懂了她的心思。Look at the trouble were i

12、n. If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我們所處的困境，要是我們接受老師的建議就好了！1would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。2在“It is (about/high)timethat從句”中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或“should動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。3as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望?？键c(diǎn)一

13、if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1(2013北京高考)If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.Ahave bookedBbookedCbook Dhad booked解析：選D句意：如果我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)兒預(yù)訂了餐桌，(現(xiàn)在)就不必在這兒站著排隊(duì)等候了。本句是混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，故從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2(2013天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ able to speak it

14、much better now.Awill be Bwould beChas been Dwould have been解析：選B句意：如果他以前花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的話，他現(xiàn)在就能說(shuō)得更好。此題考查混合條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，從句是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，故選B。3(2013江蘇高考)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.Athought Bwould thinkChad thought Dhave thought解析：選C根據(jù)題干中的“should not have laughed”可

15、知，此處是對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的虛擬，因此if從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)二 含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣4(2013安徽高考)I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.Awent Bhad goneCwould go Dwould have gone解析：選D句意：昨晚我本應(yīng)該去參加我堂妹的生日聚會(huì)的，但是我沒(méi)有空。but I was not available表示的是過(guò)去的真實(shí)情況，為含蓄條件句，相當(dāng)于if I had been available (如果我有空的話)。此處為與過(guò)去情況相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句

16、應(yīng)使用“would/might/could/shouldhave done”結(jié)構(gòu)。5(2011陜西高考)I _through that bitter period without your generous help. Acouldnt have gone Bdidnt go Cwouldnt go Dhadnt gone 解析：選A句意：假如當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有您慷慨相助，我就不會(huì)度過(guò)那段艱難的時(shí)期。英語(yǔ)中， without, with, or, otherwise 等可構(gòu)成含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句“If it hadnt been your generous help”，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，此

17、時(shí)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用should/could/would have過(guò)去分詞?？键c(diǎn)三 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣6(2013陜西高考)My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.Ashould BmightCcould Dwould解析：選A句意：我的母親建議我們這個(gè)周末出去吃飯，換換口味。suggest表示“建議”時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)形式為“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。故答案為A?？键c(diǎn)四 其他句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣7(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _

18、 made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been解析：選B句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是鋼制的一樣來(lái)拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再結(jié)合主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)were。8(2012遼寧高考)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid 解析：選D在句型 “Its high time that .”中， 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或

19、should do，所以選D。.單項(xiàng)填空1(2014南師附中檢測(cè))Im fed up with this wet weather. Its high time we _ a picnic for some sunshine.AhaveBwill haveChad had Dhad解析：選D在Its high time that .結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式或“should動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should不可省略，故選D。2(2014石家莊一檢)I have to go home to finish my work.Thats too bad. I wish you _go wi

20、th me to see a film tonight.Awill BcanCcould Dshould解析：選Cwish 表示不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，wish 從句，從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。且此處表示對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，故選C。3(2014南充一檢)_him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.Aif I persuaded BDid I persuadeCHad I persuaded DIf I should persuade解析：選C根據(jù)“wouldnt have made”可知，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此從句用i

21、f 引導(dǎo)且用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；省略if并將had提前就構(gòu)成了省略if的虛擬條件句，且構(gòu)成了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。4I cant thank my parents _much because without their help I_have achieved my dream.Avery; couldnt Bso; shouldntCtoo; wouldnt Dthat; neednt解析：選C句意：我怎么感謝我的父母都不過(guò)分，因?yàn)闆](méi)有他們的幫助，我不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。第一空，“cant . too .”表示“無(wú)論怎樣都不過(guò)分，越越好”；第二空，由“without their help”可以判斷出這里表示對(duì)過(guò)去情

22、況的虛擬，用“wouldnt/couldnt/ mightnthave done”。故C項(xiàng)正確。5(2014無(wú)錫第一中學(xué)月考)Its everybodys desire that every effort _to reduce the pollution in our city.Awas made Bbe made Cwill be made Dwould be made解析：選Bdesire 后的賓語(yǔ)從句及所在句式中的名詞性從句中，均應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，虛擬形式為“should 動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should 可省略，故選B項(xiàng)。6(2014綿陽(yáng)一診)If he had listened to hi

23、s doctors advice, he _out of hospital now.Awould have been Bwould be Cis Dwill be解析：選B句意：假如他聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的建議，他現(xiàn)在就出院了。條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might 動(dòng)詞原形”。故選B。7(2014廈門(mén)畢業(yè)班考試)When my father is upset, he would rather_.Aleave alone Bwe left him aloneCleft alone Dwe leave him alone

24、解析：選B句意：當(dāng)我的父親煩惱的時(shí)候，他更喜歡我們不打擾他。would rather 后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬。故B項(xiàng)正確。8(2014南京一模)We were stuck at the airport because of the heavy fog, otherwise we _here in time for the conference.Aarrived Bhad arrivedCwould arrive Dwould have arrived解析：選D句意：我們因?yàn)榇箪F被困在機(jī)場(chǎng)，否則就能及時(shí)趕上這兒的會(huì)議了。otherwise“否則”，后接與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故用would/could/might have done結(jié)構(gòu)，即D項(xiàng)正確。9(2014江蘇泗陽(yáng)中學(xué)模擬)_it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match .AWere BWouldCWill DShould解析：選D根據(jù)句意可知，條件句是對(duì)將來(lái)狀況的虛擬，所以要用should或were to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)，當(dāng)條件句中有助動(dòng)詞had, w