知識點——“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構.ppt

1、,知識點 “疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,一、疑問代詞who, what, which等和疑問副詞when, where, how等后面跟不定式，構成不定式短語。這種結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等句子成分。如： Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去還是個問題。（作主語） I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到這個男孩。（作動詞know的賓語）,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,I asked her how to learn English. 我問她如何

2、學英語。 （作雙重賓語） We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. 我們必須首先解決為誰服務的問題。（作介詞of的賓語） The question is how to learn English well. 問題是怎樣學好英語。（作表語）,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,1. 作主語：作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如： Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未決定。 How to divide labor among the workers is stil

3、l a question. 這些工人之間如何分工仍是個問題。 2. 作動詞賓語：能夠接疑問詞不定式作賓語的動詞常用的有advise, ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, show, teach, tell, wonder等。例如： He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他得學會收集淡水、尋找食物，生火什么的。,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,You should not go r

4、afting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 如果不會游泳，就不要去做木筏漂流。漂流必須始終穿著救生衣。 3. 作雙重賓語（賓語補足語）：某些動詞后面可接sb.疑問詞不定式構成的雙重賓語，這類動詞常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等。例如： He will advise you what to do. 他會建議你們做什么。 Will you show me how to use this machine? 你能示范教我如何使用這部機器嗎？,“疑問詞+動

5、詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,4. 作介詞賓語：某些介詞后面可接疑問詞不定式作賓語，這類介詞常用的有 about, as, from, in, of, on, with等。例如： You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft. 你還需要學習基本劃木筏的技巧，比如駕馭木筏的方法，劃槳方法，上下木筏的方法。 He has no idea of how to answer t

6、his question. 他不知道怎樣回答這個問題。 Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 德拉僅有$1.87為來吉姆買一件禮物。(which是關系代詞) You have a number of topics from which to choose. 你有很多題目可以選擇。(which是關系代詞),“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,5. 作表語 Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 也許最難熬的挑戰(zhàn)，就是

7、生活中孤獨無友。 The question is which to choose. 問題是挑選哪一個。 6. 作狀語 She was at a loss (as to) what to do. 她不知如何是好。 I have no idea which one to take. 我不知道拿哪個好。,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,7. 作同位語 The question whether to confess troubled the girl. 是否要坦白的問題使姑娘很煩惱。 He had no idea how to help the old man. 他不知道如何去幫助那位老人

8、。 二、“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”結構經常用在某些動詞后作賓語，類似的動詞有：tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, remember等。如： Ill show you how to do it. 我要讓你看看如何做這件事。 Youd better find out where to put it. 你最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,三、“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”這種結構可以把復合句轉為簡單句。如： I dont know what Ill do next. = I dont kno

9、w what to do next. The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. = The doctor told him when to take the medicine. 同樣，因為“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”這種結構相當于一個名詞性從句，所以可用同等成分的從句代替，從而把簡單句轉換為復合句。改寫時只需在疑問詞后加上適當?shù)闹髡Z，并把不定式改為適當?shù)男问降闹^語即可。,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【知識點解析】,如： Li Ping doesnt know why to learn English. = Li Ping doesn

10、t know why he should learn English. Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important. The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go. 四、“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”這種結構可構成獨立問句 如： What to do? 怎么辦？ How to get rid of the trouble? 如何擺脫困境？,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【練習】,1. There isnt any differ

11、ence between the two. I really dont know _. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 【答案】B 【解析】疑問詞不定式的語序；疑問詞的選用。疑問詞不定式的語序是疑問詞在前，不定式在后，故可排除C, D 兩個選項。where和which 后面均可接動詞不定式結構，但用法不同：where 表示地點，在不定式結構中作地點狀語；which 指哪一個；哪一些，在不定式結構中既可作賓語，也可放在名詞前面作定語。就該題而言，及物動詞choose缺少賓語，故選B項，其中的which作choose的賓語。,“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構,【練習】,2. Ive worked wi