現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀四課件PPT.thinking_as_a_hobby.ppt

1、,Thinking as a Hobby -william Golding,Author William Golding,Author,Sir William Gerald Golding (September 19, 1911June 19, 1993) was an English novelist, poet and winner of 1983 Nobel prize in Literature:,The Authors Background,Author,Born on September 19, 1911 at St. Columb Minor, a village near Ne

2、wquay, Cornwall（英國(guó)英格蘭的一個(gè)郡：康沃爾郡）, he started writing at the age of seven. He went to Oxford University in 1930, where he studied natural sciences and English language. His first book, a collection of poems, appeared a year before Golding received his BA.,Author,To be continued on the next page.,The A

3、uthors Background,He married Ann Brookfield, an analytical chemist, in 1939. He became a teacher of English and philosophy at Bishop Wordsworths School in Salisbury（英格蘭南部城市）. During World War II he served in the Royal Navy and was involved in the sinking of Germanys mightiest battleship（戰(zhàn)列艦，火炮威力巨大的主

4、力戰(zhàn)斗艦，目前已被淘汰）, the Bismarck. He participated in the invasion of Normandy on D- Day （二戰(zhàn)中盟軍在法國(guó)北部的開(kāi)始進(jìn)攻日，1944年6月6日）and at wars end went back to teaching and writing.,Author,The Authors Background,In 1961 his successful books allowed Golding to leave his teaching post and he spent a year as writer-in-resi

5、dence at Hollins College in Virginia. He then became a full-time writer. He received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 1988. William Golding died in his home at Perranarworthal, near Truro, Cornwall on June 19, 1993.,To be continued on the next page.,Rodins Thinker,To be continued on the next

6、page.,Resting on the horizontal panel above the doors, The Thinker became the focal point of The Gates of Hell and subsequently perhaps the most well-known sculpture of all time. The athletic-looking figure, inspired （激發(fā)靈感）by the sculpture of Michelangelo（米開(kāi)朗琪羅，1475-1564，意大利文藝復(fù)興盛期雕塑家、畫(huà)家）, depicts a

7、man in sober meditation, yet whose muscles strain with effortpossibly to evoke a powerful internal struggle. Rodin initially referred to the figure as Dante （但丁，意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期詩(shī)人：史詩(shī)神曲）but eventually what we know as The Thinker evolved into a more symbolic representation of creativity, intellect, and above

8、 allthought.,Goddess Venus,To be continued on the next page.,Venus of Milo Venus de Milo (about 150100 BC) is considered by many art historians to be the ideal of Hellenistic beauty. It was carved out of marble and stands approximately 205 cm (6 ft 10 in) high. 米洛的維納斯，著名的古希臘大理 石雕塑，作于公元前二世紀(jì)。公元 1800年在

9、希臘的米洛島被發(fā)現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn) 藏于巴黎的羅浮宮。,Goddess Venus,As Roman Goddess of Love and Beauty, Venus is associated with cultivated fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans with the Greek Goddess of Love, Aphrodite阿佛洛狄特，愛(ài)與美的女神（希神）.,The Birth of Venus,The end of Goddess Venus.,To be continued on the next page.

10、,“Intelligence is something we are born with. Thinking is a skill that must be learned.” “I think, therefore I am.”,Quotations on Thinking,To be continued on the next page.,Quotations on Thinking,“I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.” Socrates 蘇格拉底，469399BC,古希臘哲學(xué)家,Quotations

11、on Thinking,“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.” Benjamin Disraeli 迪斯累里，18041881，英國(guó)首相（1874-1880），保守黨領(lǐng)袖。作家 “What is the hardest task in the world? To think.”,The end of Quotations on Thinking.,grammar school: In Britain, it refers to a school for children over 11 who are academically bright. Toda

12、y, there are few grammar schools. Most secondary schools are called “comprehensive” and take in all children over 11 whatever their abilities. In the US, a grammar school used to mean an elementary school, but it is now considered old-fashioned.,It was my head master before me. 第一個(gè)把思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題帶到我面前的是我文法學(xué)

13、校的校長(zhǎng),8. nothing but: only, merely,Dont have him for a friend: hes nothing but a criminal. He had nothing for supper but a little piece of cheese. Nothing but roses meets the eye.,“nothing” phrases,To be continued on the next page.,“Lets go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!” 毫無(wú)，決不 He was nothing if n

14、ot clever. 極其，極端 Theres nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested. 沒(méi)有什么能比得上 Thats nothing less than a miracle. (=no less than) 不亞于，完全（強(qiáng)調(diào)其多、其大）,The drops didnt get very big, and the earth received nothing more than a drizzle. (=no more than) 僅僅，只不過(guò)（強(qiáng)調(diào)其少、其?。?“Anything interesting happening?” No,

15、nothing much. 沒(méi)什么 “Im sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, its nothing of the kind”. 哪里 的話，沒(méi)那回事,lest: and old-fashioned) conj. for fear that 唯恐、以免 He doesnt dare to leave the house lest he should be recognized. Note: The subjunctive mood is used in the clause lest introduces. Be careful le

16、st you fall from that tree.,Sometimes used after danger, fear, afraid, worried, functioning as that I was afraid / worried lest he might come too late. There was danger lest the plan should become known.,farther and further farther: physical distance further: degree, time and all other figurative us

17、es The next village turned out to be much farther than we had thought. We will discuss it further tomorrow. Further development of our economy will strain our resources too.,be in position to do sth: to be able to do sth. because you have ability, power or money to do it I am not in a position to le

18、nd you money. For the first time in history, man is now in a position to destroy the whole world. Unfortunate: 不利的 An unfortunate turn of the events 事態(tài)的不利變化,Utterly: completely, totally They seem utterly unaware of what may happen.,Symbolize: to represent 象征著，是。的象征 In Europe, the color white symboli

19、zes purity, but in Asia it is often the symbol of deep mourning.,go to 2,I was not integrated, I was, if anything, disintegrated. (Para. 4),Forming a part of a harmonious group,The direct opposite of “integrated”, and therefore means some kind of trouble maker. This is not the the way the word is no

20、rmally used.,on the contrary,More examples,To be continued on the next page.,integrate: 1.（in the text) 使完整、使完善 If man is to integrate himself, he must discover his springs of action. 人欲善其身，必先省其心。 2. (with, into): to join or cause to join as a whole The country is invited to integrate into NATO. The

21、 different ideas have been integrated into one uniform plan.,11. integrate,v. a. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; to unify b. to join with something else; unite disintegrate: to become reduced to components, fragments, or particles Examples: Many suggestions are needed to integra

22、te the plan. The teachers are trying to integrate all the children into society. The case was so old it just disintegrated when a worker picked it up.,Word Formation,a. integrated 綜合的, 完整的,if anything a. 如果有什么（區(qū)別）的話 b. 恰恰相反 I never had to clean up after him. If anything, he did most of the cleaning.

23、 Im not ashamed of her. If anything, Im proud.,Writhe: 1. to twist the body ( as if ) in great pain 蠕動(dòng)、扭動(dòng)身體 2. 感到極度痛苦、難堪、厭惡等 Writhe with shame 羞愧難當(dāng) Writhe in apology 深感內(nèi)疚 Writhe under ( or: at ) insults 因受辱而極度痛苦,contemplate: to think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy manner,v

24、. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully （沉思地）注視，凝視 b. to consider carefully and at length 對(duì)。做周密思考 c. to have in mind as an intention or possibility 盤(pán)算、打算 She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant. She is contemp

25、lating a trip to Europe, but she hasnt planned it yet.,5. contemplate,The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. to think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy manner The author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinker in a hum

26、orous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.,The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes. He could not have any eye contact. He could not have any communication with him. The implied meaning of this sentence is that they could not

27、communicate, not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.,go to 4,His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication.,To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenly,v. (vi.) to feel or s

28、uffer anguish 感受痛苦 n. agonizing physical or mental pain; torment 痛苦 a. anguished Her husbands death anguished her deeply. She was in anguish over her missing child. anguished cries,2. anguish,Synonyms,suffering, agony, distress, grief, heartache, heartbreak, misery, pain sorrow, torment, torture,go

29、to 5,On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me. (Para. 13),to jump up,To move a hand or arm upward in order to touch, hold, or pick up sth. Also: to reach sth. down; to reach out (for); to reach into,Three parallel verb phrases are

30、used to describe the sequence of his actions.,More examples,to ones feet,To be continued on the next page.,go back to 4,to leap to ones feet to rise to ones feet to struggle to ones feet to help sb. to ones feet to pull sb. to his feet,一躍而起 站起身來(lái) 掙扎著站起來(lái) 扶某人站起來(lái) 把某人拉起來(lái),to ones feet 站起來(lái),reach up:向上伸出手 A

31、 hand reached out and seized my arm. He reached across ( or: over ) for the last cake. I reached into my pocket for a cigarette. He reached for a stone with his feet.,go to 6,Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. (Para. 15),A keen intuitive (直覺(jué)的) power. He

32、re the author means the ability to think.,To provide sb. with a natural quality or talent,Everybody, except me, are born with the ability to think.,endow: She is one of those lucky women who are endowed with both a sharp brain and great beauty. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men a

33、re created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. 我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利 -The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson,Leave out: not including, except

34、 He left out an important detail in her account. He felt a little out. 他感到有點(diǎn)兒受冷落。,Bitterly determined: extremely determined Bitter: 堅(jiān)定不移的 Bitter determination,Modest: There is a modest increase in costs. 費(fèi)用略有增加。 There is no sense in doing sth. The clean life: it normally refers to a life without vic

35、es or moral sins. (decent life in the text) The virtues of fresh air: the advantages of fresh air,He did not practice what he preached. He was a hopeless alcoholic which had ruined his health, and he obviously did not like outdoor life. Yet he kept talking about a clean and the virtues of fresh air.

36、,7. exalt,v. a. to raise in rank, character, or status提升 b. to glorify, praise, or honor頌揚(yáng) c. to increase the effect or intensity of 加深、增強(qiáng) exalted a. excited; noble; exaggerated,Examples: Complementary （相互補(bǔ)充的）colors exalt each other. He was exalted to the position of president. The retiring professo

37、r is exalted by his colleagues. an exalted dedication to liberty He has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.,vt. a. to convey in a hurried or rough manner猛推 b. to cause or urge to proceed quickly 催促 c. to gain by energetic effort 趕緊做 vi. to work or move energetically and rapidly 趕緊、奔忙,

38、9. hustle,Examples: The police hustled the prisoner into a van. Mother hustled the children off to school lest they should be late. We hustled to get dinner ready on time.,oratory: art of public speaking Sometimes he got carried away and would jump from his desk and hurry us outside into a cold and

39、unpleasant wind,10. impediment,n. a. a fact or event which makes action difficult or impossible 妨礙、阻礙、障礙物 b. an organic defect preventing clear articulation 口吃,Examples: The main impediment to development is the countrys huge foreign debt. He has an impediment in speech. 他講話口吃。,To be continued on th

40、e next page.,impede: to get in the way or slow down by making action or movement difficult his departure was impeded by heavy rain. 妨礙、阻止,To be continued on the next page.,Reel: 1. to walk unsteadily, moving from side to side, as if drunk 踉蹌 2. to step away suddenly and unsteadily as if after being

41、hit 打趔趄 3. to be in a state of shock, confusion, or uncertainty （頭腦）眩暈；（客體）似在搖晃 His mind reeled when he heard the terrible news. 聽(tīng)到那駭人的消息，他只覺(jué)得一陣眩暈。 The mountains reeled before her eyes.,Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal style,go to 7,The fresh air had t

42、o struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.,He would stagger or be thrown off balance,Unable to do anything for the rest of the morning,V-ed and V-ing as object complement,You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnat

43、ural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19),Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty.

44、 (Para. 20),To be habitually inclined to do (sth.): 有。傾向的 The child is given to lying. She was given to hasty decision.,a highly moral speech,Obviously in Mr. Houghtons clean life, there is no place for alcoholic drink, sex, and other worldly pleasures. This is, of course, ironical.,Spring: 彈性、彈力、活力

45、；彈簧 There was little spring in his muscles. 他的肌肉不太有彈性了。 The old man walks with the spring of a young one. 那位老人走起路來(lái)和年輕人一樣輕快有力。,The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.,go to 9,Yet in the

46、middle of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20),To turn by itself; to turn on its own,Parallel struct

47、ure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrast,Metaphor: his sexual impulse,not think much of think better of sb. think better of sth. think highly of think well of think little of think poorly of think nothing of,看輕 對(duì)某人印象好；看重某人 改變念頭；打消主意 看重；器重 重視 看輕；看不起 不放在眼里；輕視 輕視；認(rèn)為無(wú)所謂；認(rèn)為沒(méi)什么了不起,11. think w

48、ell of: to have a good opinion of sb.; to think favorably of sb.; to like sb.,Try to make some sentences with the phrases,disinterest: 1. n. absence of interest Her disinterest in art was due to her ignorance. 2. n. 公正、無(wú)私 the referee was charged with a lack of disinterest. 3. v. 使興趣索然; 使無(wú)私 Disintere

49、sted: 1.unbiased by personal interest or advantage A disinterested observer 2.(nonstandard) uninterested The husband and the wife become disinterested in each other.,metonymy 轉(zhuǎn)喻: e.g. The world is watching closely what the White House will do next. (the American government),Technically, it is about

50、as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23),orderly, logical, and consistent relation of parts,從技術(shù)上而言，其宣講的嫻熟程度如商人玩高爾夫球，其宣講的意圖如政客的意圖一般誠(chéng)實(shí)， 其宣講的條理性如大多數(shù)寫(xiě)出來(lái)的書(shū)一般連貫。這就是后來(lái)被我稱(chēng)作第三等級(jí)的思考，雖然事實(shí)上稱(chēng)它為感覺(jué)更為恰當(dāng)。 This ironica

51、l sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent, dishonest and incoherent, but also despises most businessmen, distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.,Lightly: 1.without careful thought and consideration 輕率地，輕蔑的，滿不在乎的 Think lightly sb.s achievements 輕視某

52、人的成就 It is a matter not to be taken lightly 不可掉以輕心的事 behave lightly 行為輕浮 2. 輕輕地、輕松地、輕巧地 Step aside lightly輕捷地閃到一旁 Dont worry about it at all. he said lightly.輕松地說(shuō) 3. To a slight or little degree Season food lightly給食物少許加些作料,Dismiss: 1. to refuse to consider seriously 2. to put aside from considerati

53、on,I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power. Now I know that ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies. 我不敢再輕視思考的過(guò)程了,十分之九的人士為三級(jí)思考者，而三級(jí)搜考已是他們能達(dá)到的最高境界。 Mental process: grade-

54、three thinking,I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process which for nine tenths of the population is the nearest they will ever get to thought.,They have immense solidarity. Solidarity: union as between the members in a group They usually represent the great majority. This sentence shows that the

55、author does not have any romantic ideas about mass wisdom. In fact, he believes that most people are parrots. They like to follow the crowd.,一群三級(jí)思考者聚在一起，高聲叫嚷著他們那些偏狹的觀點(diǎn)，彼此聊得很投機(jī)。你若指出他們信仰中彼此矛盾的地方，他們絕不會(huì)對(duì)你感恩戴德。人類(lèi)喜歡跟風(fēng)，就像牛喜歡以同樣的方式在一個(gè)山坡上吃草一樣。 The author thinks that it is probably human nature to enjoy agree

56、ment because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.,A crowd of grade-thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze al

57、l the same way on the side of a hill.,All feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudices,Simile: enjoy the peaceful, safe and harmonious environment,go to 13,Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinki

58、ng is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. (Para. 25),To get easily frightened and run with the crowd,To go to the other extreme, that is to act too slowly and lag behind,Detachment: (冷漠) as from social or emotional involvement; refusing to be part o

59、f the crowd.,14. stampede v. to (to cause to) flee in panic or to act on mass impulse 使獸群驚跑；（人群）一窩蜂地涌向 n. a. a sudden frenzied or headlong rush or flight驚跑、蜂擁 b. a mass impulsive action 沖動(dòng)行動(dòng),Rumors of a shortage stampeded people into buying up food. a herd of stampeding cattle a stampede of support for the candidate 紛紛支持那個(gè)侯選人,The end of Word Study.,fall into the o