定語從句 (4)

1、定 語 從 句（Attributive Clauses）一、概念：在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。1、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。2、關系詞：引導定語從句的詞。例如：(1)、China is a great country that has about 5 000 years of history. 先行詞 關系詞 定語從句(2)、The teacher will help anyone who is in trouble.先行詞 關系詞 定語從句二、引導定語從句的詞：(一)、關系代詞：1.who (指人)- 在句中作主語。Eg: The boy who is

2、playing on the grass is her brother.2.whom （指人）- 在句中作賓語。Eg: I know the man whom you mean.我認識你說的那個人。3.whose（指人或物）- 在句中作定語。Eg: This is a story about a young teacher whose name is Zhang Tao.4which（指物）-在從句中多作主語或賓語，作賓語時常省略。Eg: I want to buy a book which is written in English.5.that（指人或物）在從句中多作主語或賓語，作賓語時常

3、省略。Eg: (1)、The plane that just left is for paris.(作主語) (2)、The pen (that) he gave me is black.(作賓語)只能使用that引導定語從句的情況：1、先行詞是復合不定代詞everything/something/anything /nothing等時。Eg: She didnt forget anything（ that ）her mother had told her to buy. 2、先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。Eg: That is the highest building (that) I hav

4、e seen.3、先行詞是或被all/no/some/any/little/much等修飾時。Eg: They havent got any dictionaries (that) we need.4、先行詞被the last/the only/the very/the same和序數(shù)詞等修飾時。Eg: This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow.5、先行詞是兩個或多個分別表示人和物的名詞時。Eg：He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard

5、.6、主句是以who/which引導的特殊疑問句時。Eg: Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now.7.關系代詞作定語從句中be的表語時，that通常省略。Eg: The city is no longer the one (that) it used to be.這個城市不再是原來的樣子了。只能使用which引導定語從句的情況：1當先行詞為that或關系詞指“物”且在介詞之后時。Eg: The music to which we are listening is beautiful.2.非限定性定語從句，主、從句用逗號分開時。Eg: The m

6、eeting,which was held in our school ,was a great success.that/which引導的定語從句的用法歌訣：that/which可互換，下列情況勿照辦；that情況比較多，先來對你說一說；不定代詞這一伙，全用that 準沒錯；先行詞前有修飾，千萬不要用which；要用which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。 （二）、引導定語從句的關系副詞：1、when(指時間):Eg: I met him in the year when I was in Beijing.我在北京的那年遇到了他。2、where(指地點)：Eg: This is the house

7、 where I live.這是我居住的房子。3、why(指原因)：(why=for which)Eg: Do you know the reason why he was late?你知道他遲到的原因嗎？三、定語從句練習六戒：1、關系代詞與關系副詞混淆。誤：I have been to the city where you visited (缺賓語)last week.正：I have been to the city that you visited last week.析：定語從句修飾表示時間、地點等先行詞時，要先看指代先行詞的關系詞在定語從句中是否作成分；如果不作成分，即從句完整，則選

8、用關系副詞；反之，選用關系代詞。2、從句中缺少主語。誤：She is the engineer(缺主語)gave us a speech yesterday.正：She is the engineer who gave us a speech yesterday.析：關系代詞who或that在定語從句中作主語時，不能省略。否則，句中句子結構不完整。3、從句中多余賓語。誤：The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it(多賓語)into my mouth.正：The finger I dipped into the cup wa

9、s not the one I put into my mouth.析:在本例句中，關系代詞that / which 在定語從句中作賓語，已省去，因此，從句中的賓語it多余。4、從句中主謂不一致。誤：She was the only one of the youngest girls who play (數(shù)不一致) in the hand.正：She was the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.析：定語從句中，關系代詞作主語時，應注意主謂一致，這時應根據(jù)先行詞的人稱和數(shù)來確定從句中謂語動詞的形式。5、遺漏介詞。誤：W

10、ho is the man (缺介詞) whom you just shook hands?正：Who is the man (whom) you just shook hands with?析：在帶有介詞的定語從句中，介詞的位置有兩種:（1）、跟先行詞之后；（2）、出現(xiàn)在從句動詞之后，若是后一種情況，關系代詞可以省略。6、先行詞混淆。誤: Is this museum (缺表語) that you visited the other day?Is this museum the one that you visited the other day?析：在本例句中，this museum為主語

11、，并非先行詞。句子結構中缺少表語（先行詞）the one ,即定語從句所修飾的先行詞。四、定語從句的英漢互譯：（一）、英譯漢一般來說，把帶有定語從句的英語句子翻譯成通順的漢語時，只要遵循以下幾步，基本上就能達到翻譯的準確性：1、把主句找出并翻譯出來；2、把定語從句找出并翻譯出來；3、分析定語從句修飾哪個詞并把它代入主句中(放在被修飾詞之前)。演示一：He is the man that/who/whom I want to see. 主句 從句翻譯：主句-他就是那個人。 從句-我想見的。分析：“我想見的”修飾“那個人”。代入：他就是我想見的那個人。演示二：The man you saw yes

12、terday is my father. 從句 主句翻譯：主句-那個人是我的父親。 從句-你昨天見到的。分析: “你昨天見到的”修飾“那個人”。代入：你昨天見到的那個人是我的父親。（二）、漢譯英 通常情況下，把帶有定語從句的漢語句子翻譯成英語時，也可遵循以下幾步，就基本能達到翻譯的準確性。 1、找出主句并將其翻譯出來。2、找出從句并翻譯出來。3、分析從句修飾哪個詞，并將其代入代入主句中，放在被修飾詞的后面。演示一：我昨天買的 那本書丟了。 從句 主句翻譯：主句：The book is lost. 從句：I bought yesterday.分析：“I bought yesterday”修飾“t

13、he book”.代入：The book I bought yesterday is lost.演示二：她就是 我要找的 那個人。從句 主句翻譯：主句-She is the woman. 從句-I want to look for.分析：“I want to look for”修飾“the woman”.代入：She is the woman I want to look for.提示：漢語中作定語的成分一般放在被修飾詞之前，而英語中定語從句往往放在被修飾語之后。專項練習-定語從句（一）一、單項選擇。( )1.Please pass me the cartoon book has a Mick

14、ey Mouse on the cover. A. whom B.whose C.who D.which( )2.Whenever he was late ,he could find plenty of excuses sounded reasonable. A. who B. where C. when D.which( )3.What are you looking for? -Im looking for the book you lent me yesterday. A. that B.who C. whose( )4.Tony,tell me the result of the d

15、iscussion you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. which C. when D. who( )5.-Do you know the girl is dancing over there? -Yes. She is Toms sister. A. who B. whom C. which( )6.Success will belong to those never say “impossible.” A. whom B. what C.who D.which( )7.The first thing my brother is going

16、 to do this afternoon is to write a letter. A. which B.that C. why D. who( )8.-Is there anyone here name is Betty? -Sorry, I dont know. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose( )9.I like places it is not cold in winter. A. those B. which C. where D. this( )10.This is I wanted. A.the one what B.which C.one whic

17、h D.the one ( )11.Thats the most fantastic place I have ever visited. A. in that B. in which C. that D.which( )12.The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are ( )13. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it( )14. The cle

18、ver boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that( )15.Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where( )16.I have bought two ballp

19、ens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which二、把下列句子連成含有定語從句的復合句。A組：1.Its Mount Huang. It lies in Anhui Province. 2.The town is far from here. He lives in the town. 3.Have you read Journey to the West? It was written byWu Chengen. 4.This is the most inter

20、esting story. I have ever read it. 5.Her father bought her a skirt. It cost 100 yuan. 6.Zheng He is a Ming explore. All the Chinese people are proud of the explorer. 7.Im reading a book. The book is about the history of China. 8.The doctor is my uncle. I spoke to the doctor. 9.The girls father is a

21、teacher. The girl is my friend. 10.Im riding the bike. My mother bought me the bike yesterday. B組：1.Everyone may know the girl. Her father is called Fang Gang. 2.Meian is a small village. It lies in the northeast of Suzhou. 3.He is a friend. I can depend on him. 4.The woman is my English teacher. Sh

22、e is working in the office. 5.The technology was developed in 1813. The technology spread to Japan and Europe. 三、完成下列定語從句，每空一詞。1.A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine can fly.2.This is a machine. It can tell us time. This is a machine tell us time. 專項練習題-定語從句(二)( )1.The place _inter

23、ested me most was the childrens palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which( )2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke( )3.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which( )4.That is the day _Ill never f

24、orget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when( )5.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which( )6.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there( )7.This is one of the best films _.A.th

25、at have been shown this year B.that have shownC.that has been shown this year D.that you talked( )8.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B.in which C.on which D.by which( )9.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that( )10.The engineer _my father

26、 works is about 50 years old.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom( )11.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose( )12.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which ( )13.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the sc