初中八種基本時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、最新資料推薦英語語法（時態(tài)）be( “是/存在 ”)動詞的各種時態(tài)變化：一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時一 般 將 來 時現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時I am .(I 等各人稱 ) will be.I have been.You are. I amYou have been .He/She/It is.He/She/It isgoing to be She/he/It has been.We/You/They are . We/You/They areWe/You/They have been.一 般 過 去 時過 去 將 來 時I was .(I 等各人稱 ) would be.You were. I wasHe/

2、She/It was.He/She/It wasgoing to beWe/You/They were .We/You/They were過 去 完 成 時 I had been . You had been . She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.其它謂語動詞 (主動語態(tài) )的時態(tài)變化一覽表：現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時現(xiàn) 在 進 行 時一 般 將 來 時現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時動詞用原形 (單三amwill +動詞原形過去分詞have +謂語動詞 加 s / es)is+動詞 -ingamhas構(gòu)成(問句和否定句借 areis+going to+動詞原形

3、用助詞 do / does)are過去時態(tài)一 般 過 去 時過 去 進 行 時過 去 將 來 時過 去 完 成 時謂語動詞動詞用過去式waswould + 動詞原形had +過去分詞(問句和否定句借+動詞 -ing was+going to+動詞原形構(gòu)成用助詞 did)werewere注意 在其它的時態(tài)中也存在類似問題 ,記住 ,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達(dá)一段時間的狀語連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep 取代了borrow)注意：句型變化時 ,否定句在 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /

4、were /had /would 后面加 not,而且 not都可以縮寫為nt (am后面 not 不可以縮寫 )；疑問句將 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would提前到句首。1最新資料推薦八種時態(tài)的具體用法：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時： 表示現(xiàn)階段 經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) ,或說明主語的特征。 一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等), once/twice,a( week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the(morning等)

5、。如： They go to the Palace Museum once a year(他.們每年去一次故宮 )/ They often discuss business in the evening(他們.經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意 ) 表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) 時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如： The earth turns round the sun(地.球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn) )/Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快 ) 表示十分確定會發(fā)生 (如安排好的事情 )或按照時間表進行 的事情 ,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來 ,句子中可以有將來時間 。如：

6、The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往?？诘牧熊嚿衔?點開車 ) 在時間狀語從句 中(以 when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo) )和條件狀語從句 中(以 if,unless引導(dǎo) ),用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 ,句子可以有將來時間。如： Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany(你.一到德國就給我打電話 ) /If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home

7、(.如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時用于 倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動作 ,動詞以 come, go為主。如： Here comes the bus(.車來了 ) /There goes the bell(鈴.響了 )。(2) 一般過去時 表示過去某時 發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) ,這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性 ,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。表示過去具體時刻發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有： at (eight) (yesterdaymorning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如： I got up at 6：00 this morning(.我是早上六點鐘起床的 )

8、/Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning(小.湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了 )/When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人正和他父親談話)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)不知何時發(fā)生的一次性動作時 ,時間狀語有： yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。2最新資料推薦如： He came to our city in the year 2000.(他 2000 年來到我們市

9、 ) 表示過去一個階 段中 經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時 , 時間狀語有： last , in ,from to , for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如： Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. /Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from. him 講故事、對過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時 ,而且經(jīng)常省略時間狀語。如： I happened to mee

10、t Rose in the street(我.正好在街上遇到露西 )(3) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 一般 將 來 時的時 間 狀 語有： tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),oneday,now,soon,someday,sometime, in the future, when引導(dǎo)的從句等。 用 will 構(gòu)成的將來時 ,表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)。 “shall”用于第一人稱 , “will”用于所有人稱。如： I will graduate from this school soon(我.很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了 )/

11、 You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個人過了 ) “am/is/are going to+動詞原形 ”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情 ,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情 ,而“am/is/are to+動詞原形 ”表示安排或計劃中的動作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special .baby(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩 )/ Its going rainto soon(.天快要下雨了 ) 表示一個人臨時決定要做某事 ,可以用 will 表達(dá)。如

12、： I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑 ). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學(xué)實驗室去取些藥品 ,請等我回來 ) 現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表示將來。 (見相應(yīng)時態(tài) ) shall 和 will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞。 Shall 一般與第一人稱連用 ,will 與第二人稱連用。 如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎？ )/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好

13、嗎？ ) “be to +動詞原形 ”表示按照計劃將要發(fā)生的事情。 如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.(4)現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進行的動作?，F(xiàn)在進行時由 “助動詞 be (am is are )+現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成。3最新資料推薦現(xiàn)在進行時的時間狀語有：now, this, these等,但經(jīng)常不用。如： What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？ )/I am writing a long novel

14、 these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說 ) 表示即將發(fā)生的動作 ,一般指近期安排好的事情。 常見的動詞有： come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如： I m comingnow.(我就來 )/What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？ )/He is leaving soon(.他就要走了 )(5)過去進行時過去進行時表示 過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。 過去進行時由 “was(第一、三人稱單數(shù) )或 were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù) )+現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 過去進行時的時間狀語有： then, at that

15、time, this time yesterday,at (eight)yesterday (morning),(a year) ago,以及由 when 引出的時間狀語從句。如： He was cooking supper this time yesterday(昨天.這個時候他正在做晚飯 )/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具 ) 用于賓語從句或時間狀語從句中 ,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續(xù)時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如： She saw it happen when

16、she was walking past(她路.過時看到事情的發(fā)生 )/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest(他們.在黑暗的森林里走時唱了很多歌)(6)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個發(fā)生在過去的、對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作 ,或表示開始在過去 ,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 ,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動作。在完成時由 “助動詞 have (has)+動詞的過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。表示發(fā)生在過去的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有： already, yet, just,once, twice,ever, never,thr

17、ee times, before等。如： I have never seen such fine picturesbefore. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫 )/He has just gone to England(他.剛?cè)ビ?)表示在過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 (可能延續(xù)下去 )的動作或狀態(tài)時 ,時間狀語有： for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如： I have been away from my hometown for thirty years(我.離開家鄉(xiāng)有 30 年了 )/Uncle Wa

18、ng has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張 ,王叔4最新資料推薦叔一直在那兒工作 )口語中 have got往往表示 have(有)的意思。如： They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書 ) have been to與 have gone to的區(qū)別： have gone to( “已經(jīng)去了 ”)表示人不在這里 ,have been to(“去過 ”)表示人在這里。如：-Where is Mr Li? He has gone to the UK(李

19、.先生在哪里？他去了英國。 )/ -Do you know something about Beijing?Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.(你知道北京的情況嗎？是的 ,我去過那里三次。 )(7) 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。簡言之 , 過去完成時所表示的時間是 “過去的過去 ”。過去完成時由 “助動詞 had+動詞的過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。過去完成時時間狀語有： by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last或者由 when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有

20、 already, just, once, ever, never等詞語 ,也會有 for 或 since 構(gòu)成的時間狀語。如： They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came(當(dāng).老師來的時候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室 )/The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發(fā)覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經(jīng)走掉了 )過去完成時常用于賓語從句中、 after 引導(dǎo)的從句中 ,或者從句是 before引導(dǎo)的主句中。如：After I had put

21、 on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness(我穿.上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中 )/He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before(他.說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠 )(8) 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由 “助動詞 should(第一人稱 )或 would(第二、三人稱 )+動詞原形 ”構(gòu)成。在美國英語中 ,過去將來時的助動詞一律用 “would +動詞原形 ”。過去將來時常由于賓語從句中,時間狀語有： later, soon, the next (

22、day).在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時 ,而應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project(他答.應(yīng)付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻€項目 )/Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books(以前.每次5最新資料推薦只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書)表示純粹的將來時用would 或 should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/weregoing to(+動詞原形 )。如： S

23、he told me she would be 18 the next month(她.告訴我她下個月就18 歲了 )/She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet (dog她告.訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步 )過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經(jīng)常性的動作。 如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘 )(9)現(xiàn)在完成進行時 ：現(xiàn)在完成進行時指一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動作 ,它具有現(xiàn)在完

24、成時和現(xiàn)在進行時雙重特征 ,結(jié)構(gòu)是： “have/has + been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 ”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours(我已.經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個小時 )/How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)（一）1. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new t

25、echnology.A. beginB. BeganC. have begunD. had begun2. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often seeB. often seeC. are often seeingD. have often seen3. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. Oh, how nice! Do you know when

26、 she _?A. was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD. Left4. What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and_ to take a shower.A. had startedB. StartedC. have startedD. was starting6最新資料推薦5. I _ you not to move my dictionary now I can t find it.A. askedB. AskC. was askingD. had ask

27、ed6. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. didB. has doneC. was doingD. had done7. What s that terrible noise? The neighbors _ for a party.A. have preparedB. are preparingC. prepareD. will prepare8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but

28、 she hasn t decidedyet.A. had consideredB. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to consider9. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10.The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought i

29、n.A. was comingB. had comeC. has comeD. came11.Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down12.Let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reachB. have never reachedC. never reachD. never reached13.My

30、 mind wasn t on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed7最新資料推薦14. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. has waited時態(tài)綜合練習(xí)（二）1.She has set a new r

31、ecord, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reachedB. has reachedC. are reachingD. had reached2.He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. sawB. has seenC. seesD. had seen3. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star ar

32、rived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait4. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A. would changeB. has changedC. changedD. was changing5. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been6. You haven t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? I m sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think itA. wasn