中醫(yī)英語詞匯

1、中醫(yī)常用詞匯Terms Commonly Used in TCM中國醫(yī)藥學(xué)Traditional Chinese Medicine治未病prevention of disease中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine臟腑zang-organs and fu-organs, viscera臨床經(jīng)驗clinical experience功能活動functional activities辨證論治treatment based on syndrome differentiation形神統(tǒng)一unity of the body and spir

2、it本草materia medica, herbs陰陽失調(diào)imbalance of yin and yang中藥Chinese materia medica, Chinese medicinal herbs條達(dá)舒暢free development四氣五味four properties and five tastes延年益壽prolonging life, promising longevity針灸acupuncture and moxibustion, acumox養(yǎng)生防病cultivating health to prevent disease各家學(xué)說theories of differen

3、t schools正氣healthy qi, vital qi汗法diaphoresis, sweating therapy病邪pathogenic factor下法purgative therapy, purgation整體觀念concept of holism吐法emetic therapy, vomiting therapy疾病的本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象nature and manifestations of disease補(bǔ)土派school of invigorating the earth陰陽的相對平衡relative balance between yin and yang病因?qū)W說etiolog

4、y疾病的發(fā)生與發(fā)展occurrence and development of disease養(yǎng)生health-cultivation, 同病異治treating the same disease with different therapies醫(yī)療實踐medical practice異病同治treating different diseases with the same therapy治療原則therapeutic principles五臟five zang-organs, five zang-viscera寒涼藥物herbs of cold and cool nature, cold-na

5、tured herbs六腑six fu-organs, six fu-viscera滋陰降火nourishing yin to lower/reduce fire經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)system of meridians and collaterals滋水涵木enriching water to nourish wood余熱未盡incomplete abatement of heat瘀血致瀉disease caused by blood stasis有機(jī)整體organic wholeness/integrity先天之精congenital essence表里關(guān)系exterior and interior

6、relation形與神俱inseparability of the body and spirit開竅opening into開胃promoting appetite自然現(xiàn)象natural phenomena脈象pulse conditions, pulse pattern哲學(xué)概念philosophical concept邪正關(guān)系states of pathogenic factors and healthy qi對立統(tǒng)一unity of opposites發(fā)熱惡寒fever and aversion to cold相互消長mutual waning and waxing頭身疼痛headach

7、e and body pain相互轉(zhuǎn)化mutual transformation久痢脫肛proctoptosis due to prolonged dysentery陰陽屬性nature of yin and yang養(yǎng)陰清熱nourishing yin and clearing away heat相互聯(lián)系interrelation清肺熱clear away lung-heat相互制約mutual restraint, mutual restriction/interaction濕邪犯肺pathogenic dampness invading the lung動態(tài)平衡dynamic equil

8、ibrium清熱瀉火clearing away heat and reducing fire陰平陽秘yin and yang in equilibrium腠理muscular interstices, striae, interstitial space陰陽的互根互用interdependence of yin and yang水濕停滯retention of water and dampness, water retention相互依存interdependence癃閉retention of urine陰陽離絕separation of yin and yang氣血運(yùn)行circulatio

9、n/flow of qi and blood相反相成opposite and supplementary to each陰陽轉(zhuǎn)化transformation between yin and yang生理功能physiological functions陽消陰長yang waning and yin waxing病理變化pathological changes陰勝則陽病predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang臨床診斷clinical diagnosis陰勝則陽病an excess of yin leads to deficiency of y

10、ang陽勝生外熱exuberance of yang leading to exterior heat陽勝則熱predominance of yang generating heat陽中求陰obtaining yang from yin寒極生熱extreme cold generating heat絕對偏盛absolute predominance熱極生寒extreme heat generating cold陽虛則寒yang deficiency leading to cold陽損及陰impairment of yang involving yin陰陽俱損simultaneous consu

11、mption of yin and yang陰液不足insufficiency of yin-fluid陰陽兩虛simultaneous deficiency of both yin and yang病機(jī)總綱general principle of pathogenesis陽虛發(fā)熱fever due to yang deficiency病機(jī)pathomechanism, pathological mechanism陰陽自和natural harmony between yin and yang陰陽勝復(fù)alternative predominance of yin and yang木乘土the

12、wood over-restrains the earth虛寒證deficiency-cold syndrome木火刑金wood-fire impairs the metal扶陽退陰strengthening yang to reduce yin金水相生generation between the metal and water祛風(fēng)散寒expelling/eliminating wind to dispersing cold生克制化interrelationship between generation and restriction消導(dǎo)積滯promoting digestion and re

13、moving food retention制則生化restriction ensuring generation潛陽熄風(fēng)suppressing yang to quench wind母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ五行學(xué)說theory of five elements傳變transmission of disease, progress of disease運(yùn)動變化motion and variation子病犯母disease of the child-organ affecting the mother-org

14、an正邪相爭struggle/combat between healthy qi and pathogenic factors肝腎精血不足insufficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood相生相克mutual generation and restriction肝陽上亢hyperactivity of liver yang生我，我生to be generated and to generate心肝血虛asthenia / deficiency of heart and liver blood克我，我克to be restricted and

15、to restrict心肝火旺exuberance of heart and liver fire生中有制restriction within generation心火亢盛hyperactivity/exuberance of heart fire克中有生generation within restriction滋腎養(yǎng)肝nourishing the kidney and liver木曰曲直wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally方位配五行correspondence of the directions to the fiv

16、e elements火曰炎上fire is characterized by flaming up溫腎健脾warming the kidney and strengthening the spleen土爰稼穡earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping腎陽式微declination of kidney yang金曰從革metal is characterized by change脾陽不振inactivation of spleen yang病緩起gradual onset of disease脾胃虛弱hypofunction/weakne

17、ss of the spleen and stomach肝陰不足insufficiency of liver yin地道不通menopause相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse restriction平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach水濕停聚retention of water-dampness水火不濟(jì)discordance between water and fire腎陰不足insufficiency of kidney yin藏象學(xué)說theory of visceral manifestatio

18、ns心腎不交disharmony between the heart and kidney奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs宣通水道dredging water passage水谷精微cereal nutrients, essence of water and food通調(diào)水道dredging and regulating water passage傳化水谷transmission and transformation of food行氣利水a(chǎn)ctivating qi to excrete water貯藏精氣storage of essence水液停滯retention o

19、f fluid治療效果curative / therapeutic effect后天之本postnatal / acquired base of life藏而不瀉storage without excretion調(diào)暢氣機(jī)regulating qi activity瀉而不藏excretion without storage肝氣上逆upward flow of liver qi表熱里寒exterior heat and interior cold水曰潤下water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing肝旺脾虛hyperfunctio

20、n of the liver and weakness of the spleen脾主運(yùn)化the spleen governing transportation and transformation大肉陷下obvious emaciation and muscular atrophy, extreme emaciation肝氣郁結(jié)stagnation of liver qi面色紅潤ruddy complexion, rosy cheeks膽虛證gallbladder deficiency syndrome膽虛不得眠insomnia due to gallbladder asthenia腐熟水谷

21、digesting food導(dǎo)便法laxation食欲不振poor appetite跌打損傷traumatic injury脘腹脹悶epigastric distension and depression動靜結(jié)合integration of motion and quietness/stillness噯氣酸腐eructation with fetid odor定喘relieving asthma泌別清濁separating the clear from the turbid心主血脈the heart controlling blood and vessels食物殘渣residue of foo

22、d心氣充沛abundance of heart qi大腸主傳導(dǎo)the large intestine governing transmission and transportation防御外邪入侵preventing the invasion of exogenous pathogenic factor癃閉dysuria, retention of urine, anuria and dysuria 血液充盈plenty of blood面黃肌瘦emaciation with sallow complexion脈道不利unsmoothness of vessels止珠偏斜strabismus,

23、 squint, ocular deviation面色無華lusterless complexion調(diào)節(jié)水液regulation of water脈象細(xì)弱thin and weak pulse排泄糟粕excretion of waste material面色萎黃sallow complexion髓海不足insufficiency of marrow-sea汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin精神委靡dispiritedness, listlessness, lower spirit升降出入ascending, descending, comin

24、g in and going out月經(jīng)不調(diào)irregular menstruation氣為血帥qi serves as the commander of the blood沖任不固weakness of thoroughfare and conception vessels氣血凝滯stagnation of qi and blood經(jīng)期延長prolonged menstruation血瘀blood stasis小腸實熱sthenia-heat in the small intestine氣滯腰痛lumbago due to qi stagnation氣機(jī)調(diào)暢smooth activity o

25、f qi氣虛滑胎habitual abortion due to qi asthenia氣化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation畏寒喜熱aversion to cold and preference for heat氣分熱盛excessive heat at qi phase氣郁化熱stagnation of qi transforming into heat溫養(yǎng)臟腑warming and nourishing the viscera瘀血阻絡(luò)blood stasis obstructing the collaterals清肺潤燥clearing the l

26、ung and moistening dryness破瘀通經(jīng)breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation內(nèi)傷頭疼headache due to internal injury祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis逆?zhèn)餍陌黵everse transmission into the pericardium氣不攝血failure of qi to check the blood寧心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind血液循行circulation of the

27、blood驚悸不安palpitation due to fright氣的運(yùn)動形式the moving styles of qi血液生成不足insufficient production of the blood平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding血液虧虛deficiency of the blood離經(jīng)之血abnormal flow of the blood津液的形狀、功能與分布form, function, and distribution of the body fluid氣血生化之源source for the production and tr

28、ansformation of qi and blood脈細(xì)無力thin and weak pulse肌膚干燥dry skin肌膚甲錯squamous and dry skin血脈調(diào)和流暢smooth and normal flow of the blood臟腑火熱熾盛exuberant fire and heat in the viscera機(jī)體正常水液normal fluid inside the body熱迫血分heat invading the blood phase氣滯津停retention of fluid due to stagnation of qi寒凝氣滯stagnation

29、 of cold and qi身倦乏力lassitude氣滯血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis傷津脫液consumption and loss of the body fluid津液的營養(yǎng)和滋潤作用the nourishing and moistening functions of the body fluid津液的生成、輸布和排泄production, distribution, and excretion of the body fluid腹痛拒按unpalpable abdominal pain脾的“散精”功能the function of the sple

30、en to “dissipate essence”津液不足insufficiency of the body fluid水液停聚retention of water奇經(jīng)八脈eight extraordinary vessels, eight extraordinary meridians胃的“游溢精氣”the function of the stomach to “distribute essence”津液生化匱乏scanty production of the body fluid津液的代謝平衡the metabolic balance of the body fluid熱盛耗傷津液cons

31、umption of the body fluid due to excessive heat風(fēng)為百病之長wind is the leading factor in causing various diseases水液代謝障礙disturbance of water metabolism氣隨津脫exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid水濕困脾dampness encumbering the spleen濡養(yǎng)肌膚moistening and nourishing the skin濕邪內(nèi)盛exuberance of interior dampness經(jīng)脈

32、之海sea of meridians脾虛水腫edema due to spleen deficiency滋養(yǎng)臟腑moistening and nourishing the viscera運(yùn)行全身氣血transporting qi and blood in the whole body十二經(jīng)別twelve branches of meridians聯(lián)絡(luò)臟腑肢節(jié)connecting with viscera, limbs and joints經(jīng)別divergent meridians循行路線running route經(jīng)氣meridian qi十二正經(jīng)twelve regular meridians

33、十二皮部twelve skin areas, twelve skin regions/divisions經(jīng)隧阻滯blockage of meridians十二經(jīng)筋twelve meridian tendons經(jīng)穴meridian acupoints, Jing-River acupoint飲食勞倦improper diet and overstrain經(jīng)絡(luò)辨證syndrome differentiation according to meridians風(fēng)寒感冒common cold due to wind-cold經(jīng)絡(luò)感傳meridian conduction, channel transmi

34、ssion濕熱泄瀉diarrhea due to damp-heat經(jīng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象meridian phenomena內(nèi)生五邪five endogenous pathogenic factors經(jīng)絡(luò)阻滯blockage of meridians風(fēng)邪外襲pathogenic wind attacking the superficies舒筋活絡(luò)relaxing tendons and activating collaterals游走性關(guān)節(jié)疼痛migratory arthralgias刺血療法blood-pricking therapy陽氣衰退decline of yang-qi外感六淫attacked

35、by six climate pathogenic factors六淫six climatic evils感受寒邪attacked by pathogenic cold經(jīng)閉發(fā)腫amenorrhea with edema虛實夾雜deficiency complicated with excess, asthenia complicated with sthenia邪正盛衰predominance or decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi寒性凝滯cold tending to stagnate by nature病癥的虛實變化asthenia

36、and sthenia changes of disease腠理閉塞blockage of muscular interstices機(jī)體的抗病能力body resistance經(jīng)脈拘急收引contraction of tendons五心煩熱feverish sensation over the five centers濕邪困脾pathogenic dampness encumbering the spleen五心five centers (palms, soles and chest)疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與變化occurrence, development and changes of disea

37、se生津安神promoting the production of body fluid and tranquilizing the mind體質(zhì)強(qiáng)弱conditions of constitution蓄血發(fā)黃jaundice due to blood accumulation氣血功能紊亂dysfunction of qi and blood脾陽不振inactivation of spleen yang陰陽偏盛大relative predominance of yin and yang陰虛生內(nèi)熱yin deficiency generating interior heat五志過極extreme

38、 changes of emotions熱極生風(fēng)extreme heat producing wind精氣奪則虛depletion of essence causing deficiency七情內(nèi)傷internal injury due to emotional disorder陰陽互損mutual consumption of yin and yang飲食不節(jié)improper diet真熱假寒true heat and false cold暴飲暴食craputence氣機(jī)郁滯不暢stagnation of qi activity神昏譫語coma and delirium津液代謝失常disor

39、der of fluid metabolism四診合參combined use of the four diagnostic methods寒熱往來alternate attacks of chill and fever精神活動mental activities津傷化燥consumption of fluid transforming into dryness面部表情facial expressions風(fēng)火脅痛hypochondriac pain due to wind-fire精充氣足sufficient essence and abundant qi口眼歪斜wry mouth with d

40、istorted eyes, facial distortion預(yù)后良好favorable prognosis濕濁內(nèi)生endogenous turbid dampness表情淡漠a(chǎn)pathetic facial expressions虛火上炎flaming of asthenia-fire精神不振dispiritedness邪氣內(nèi)陷internal invasion of pathogenic factors神志不清unconsciousness大腸熱結(jié)retention of heat in the large intestine輕宣潤燥dispersing lung qi and mois

41、tening dryness心脈瘀阻blood stasis in the heart vessels四肢抽搐convulsion of the limbs鏡面舌mirror-like tongue臟腑辨證syndrome differentiation of viscera饑不欲食hunger without desire for food病位與病性location and nature of disease脈有胃氣pulse with stomach qi表里同病disease involving both the exterior and interior清里泄熱clearing awa

42、y heat in the interior風(fēng)熱眩暈vertigo due to wind-heat寒證化熱cold syndrome transforming into heat syndrome寒熱錯雜simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat舌淡苔白而潤滑light-colored tongue with white and slippery coating表邪入里invasion of the exterior pathogenic factors into the interior祛風(fēng)解痙expelling wind to relieve con

43、vulsion外感胃脘痛stomachache due to exogenous pathogenic factors惡寒與惡熱aversion to cold and aversion to heat潮熱盜汗tidal fever and night sweating口干唇裂dry mouth with cracked lips高熱譫妄high fever with delirium脈數(shù)無力rapid and weak pulse和血止痛regulating blood to alleviate pain寒邪郁而化熱stagnation of pathogenic cold changing

44、 into heat寒因寒用treating pseudo-cold syndrome with herbs of cold nature未病先防preventing measures taken before the occurrence of disease熱因熱用treating pseudo-heat syndrome with herbs of heat nature補(bǔ)氣健脾invigorating qi and strengthening the spleen塞因塞用treating obstructive syndrome with tonifying therapy補(bǔ)血養(yǎng)心en

45、riching blood to nourish the heart發(fā)汗解表relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis水氣凌心water attacking the heart風(fēng)熱乳蛾tonsillitis due to wind-heat心悸多夢palpitation and dreaminess痰飲咳嗽cough due to fluid retention血為氣母the blood serving as the mother of qi實熱蘊(yùn)結(jié)accumulation of sthenia-heat調(diào)攝精神regulating mental st

46、ates舒肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach血脈流暢smooth circulation of blood清熱瀉火clearing away heat and reducing fire關(guān)節(jié)通利smooth movement of joints疏風(fēng)泄熱dispelling wind and reducing heat氣機(jī)調(diào)暢free activity of qi行氣消瘀activating qi to resolve stagnation益壽延年promoting longevity養(yǎng)血潤腸nourishing the blood

47、 and moistening the intestine治病求本treatment of disease must concentrate on the principle cause of disease因時、因地、因人制宜applying proper therapeutic measure in line with season, local conditions and individuality急則治其標(biāo)relieving the secondary symptoms first in treating acute disease緩則治其本relieving the primary

48、 symptoms in treating chronic disease通腑泄熱purging fu-organs to eliminate heat燥濕化痰drying dampness and resolving phlegm標(biāo)本兼治treatment focusing on relieving both the secondary and primary symptoms正虛邪實asthenia of healthy qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors痰濕壅肺accumulation of phlegm-dampness in the lung血枯

49、經(jīng)閉amenorrhea due to blood exhaustion祛蟲消積removing parasites to eliminate accumulation中醫(yī)常用詞匯03中藥針灸等 中草藥Chinese medicinal herbs炮制processing四氣五味four properties and five tastes清除雜質(zhì)eliminating impurity入藥部分the part used for medical purpose作用和緩mild effect藥物采集collection of herbs發(fā)散解表relieving exterior syndrom

50、e by dispersion收斂astringency方劑學(xué)science of prescriptions 軟堅散結(jié)softening hardness to dissipate stagnation配伍關(guān)系compatibility 燥濕健脾drying dampness and strengthening the spleen組成規(guī)律prescription-formulating principle升降沉浮ascending, descending, sinking and floating方劑的加減modification of prescriptions歸經(jīng)meridian tr

51、opism劑型和劑量drug form and dosage用藥禁忌contraindication in using herbs君臣佐使monarch, minister, assistant and guide藥物用量dosage藥物毒性toxicity of medicinal herbs辛溫解表藥relieving exterior syndrome with herbs pungent in taste and warm in nature十八反與十九畏eighteen incompatible herbs and nineteen herbs of mutual antagonis

52、m袪風(fēng)濕藥herbs for expelling wind and dampness調(diào)和諸藥moderating the property of herbs胸痛徹背thoracic pain involving the back溫經(jīng)散寒warming meridians to dissipate cold清熱涼血藥herbs for clearing away heat and cooling blood宣肺平喘disperse lung qi to stop asthma引經(jīng)報使guiding action靈活化裁flexible modification針灸療法acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, acumox清散郁熱clearing away and dispersing stagnant heat針刺補(bǔ)