英語專題復(fù)習(xí)單選題高考指導(dǎo)ppt.ppt

第二講 單項填空 北京四中 李俊和,一、題型介紹,單項填空題型屬于英語知識運用部分，2002年的全國高等學(xué)校統(tǒng)一招生考試說明中對這一部分的說明為:“本部分共兩節(jié)，測試考生對英語語法、詞匯知識和簡單表達(dá)形式的掌握情況。第一節(jié)，共15小題，每小題1分,每題在一句或兩句話中留出空白，要求考生從每題所給的4個選項中選出最佳答案 ”, 明確地將單項填空題歸為英語知識運用部分，而不是如往年的考試說明中將這一部分單純歸為“測試語音、語法和詞匯知識”，這說明單項填空題已由往年的測試語言的基礎(chǔ)知識為主轉(zhuǎn)為測試運用語言知識能力為主，不再是單純考查語法、詞匯知識等。, 確定英語知識運用部分的考查內(nèi)容為：“測試考生對英語語法、詞匯知識和簡單表達(dá)形式的掌握情況”。這不同于往年對單項填空題型B部分的考查內(nèi)容：“語法、詞匯和習(xí)語”。簡單表達(dá)形式要表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵更為豐富，不僅可考查習(xí)語，還可考查如省略、口語中的交際用語等，這突出了對語言交際能力的考查。實際上，2000年高考題中單項填空題型B部分試題中為對話形式的有7道題，1999年高考題中這一部分為8道題，2002年是6道題。, 明確指出“要求考生從每題所給的4個選項中選出最佳答案”，這就意味著每題只設(shè)一空，側(cè)重對某一方面的運用能力的考查。在1999、2000、2001、2002年的高考試題中，除對冠詞的考查設(shè)有兩空外，其余各題均只設(shè)有一處空白。但這并不意味著一題只考一個知識點，而往往要運用多項知識才能找出最佳答案。, “每題在一句或兩句話中留出空白” 意味著每題的題干提供的信息會更多，設(shè)置的語境會更具體、更典型，對題干的理解、把握能力要求更高。近幾年的單項填空試題每題題干平均詞數(shù)都在10詞以上。, “選出最佳答案”意味著要選出既在語法、詞匯方面正確又能體現(xiàn)所給語句要表達(dá)的語意內(nèi)涵或語境的答案。有時正確的答案可能不只一個，但根據(jù)題干的意境，只有一個是最佳的。如：,Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. (NMET 2000) A. as B. since C. until D. before,Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. (NMET 2000) A. as B. since C. until D. before 答案 D,4個選項中，C項until和D項before都是“在之前”的意思，但題干只側(cè)重描述接電話之前的情況，沒有涉及到后來如何，因此最佳答案應(yīng)該是D項before。,二、精髓提煉,（一）分析題干與選項的語意與語境,把握了具體語意和語境，就能靈活恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\用相關(guān)知識，解答該題。,例1 I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _. (NMET 2002) A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time,例1 I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _. (NMET 2002) A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time 答案 B,例2 Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. (NMET 1994) A. how B. when C. that D. if,例2 Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. (NMET 1994) A. how B. when C. that D. if 答案 A,例3 _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It,例3 _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It 答案 D,（二）分析題干與選項的特定語境,有些試題的語境比較特殊，在解答過程中，不僅要對選項中的詞語意義有正確理解，對句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要的語法知識有明確了解，而且還要弄明白題干句子提供的特殊的語境條件，據(jù)此才能選出既能在語法上又能在語境意義上滿足句子需要的唯一最佳選項。,例4 _ my glasses? Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.,(NMET 1996) A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen,例4 _ my glasses? Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.,(NMET 1996) A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 答案 D,例5 Who is Jerry Cooper? _ him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET 1997) A. Dont you meet B. Hadnt you met C. Didnt you meet D. Havent you met,例5 Who is Jerry Cooper? _ him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET 1997) A. Dont you meet B. Hadnt you met C. Didnt you meet D. Havent you met 答案 D,例6 When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by 12:00.,(NMET 1998) A. can B. should C. might D. need,例6 When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by 12:00.,(NMET 1998) A. can B. should C. might D. need 答案 B,A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont,例7 Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, I _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET 1999),A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont 答案 B,例7 Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, I _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET 1999),例8 Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. (NMET 1999) A. some B. that C. any D. those,例8 Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. (NMET 1999) A. some B. that C. any D. those 答案 B,（三）把握語言的情景交際功能,語言的功能就是要為人們間的交流服務(wù)，解題時要根據(jù)不同的時間、地點和場合，特定的文化背景，人物的身份性格和情緒等來確定答案，這需要理解題干句子的語境條件，同時理解各選項中的詞語意思、應(yīng)用場合等。,例9 Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? Yes, _.,(NMET 1997) A. you may borrow B. you could C. help yourself D. go on,例9 Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? Yes, _.,(NMET 1997) A. you may borrow B. you could C. help yourself D. go on 答案 C,例10 Can I get you a cup of tea? _. (NMET 1998) A. You can, please B. With pleasure C. Thats very nice of you D. Thank you for the tea,例10 Can I get you a cup of tea? _. (NMET 1998) A. You can, please B. With pleasure C. Thats very nice of you D. Thank you for the tea 答案 C,例11 I had a really good weekend at my uncles. _.,(NMET 1999) A. Oh, thats very nice of you B. Congratulations C. Its a pleasure D. Oh, Im glad to hear that,例11 I had a really good weekend at my uncles. _.,(NMET 1999) A. Oh, thats very nice of you B. Congratulations C. Its a pleasure D. Oh, Im glad to hear that 答案 D,例12 Waiter! _ I cant eat this. Its too salty. (NMET 2000) A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?,例12 Waiter! _ I cant eat this. Its too salty. (NMET 2000) A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon? 答案 A,（四）辨別英語詞語間的用法差別或 搭配習(xí)慣 在解答關(guān)于詞語辨析和固定搭配類試題時，在明確題干句子含義后，還必須理解各項詞語的意義和搭配習(xí)慣，對于近似詞語（形似或意近）還必須注意它們間意義和搭配的細(xì)微差別。,例13 She _ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. (NMET 1997) A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up,例13 She _ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. (NMET 1997) A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up 答案 A,例14 They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. (NMET 1998) A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed,例14 They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. (NMET 1998) A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 答案 B,例15 Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to_. (NMET 2000) A. support B. care C. spare D. share,例15 Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to_. (NMET 2000) A. support B. care C. spare D. share 答案 D,（五）語言基礎(chǔ)知識的積累 平時學(xué)習(xí)中要注重多進(jìn)行歸納、分析、比較。牢固的基礎(chǔ)知識是解題的基礎(chǔ)，沒有掌握相關(guān)知識，能力再高也無用武之地。所有知識運用題都要涉及到相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識。,例16 He dropped the _and broke it. (NMET 1993) A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for the coffee D. coffee cup,例16 He dropped the _and broke it. (NMET 1993) A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for the coffee D. coffee cup 答案 D,A. a ; / B. the ; a C. the ; the D. / ; the,例17 Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. (NMET 1996),A. a ; / B. the ; a C. the ; the D. / ; the 答案 A,例17 Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. (NMET 1996),A. another B. other C. more D. less,例18 Have you finished your report yet? No, Ill finish in _ten minutes. (NMET 1995),A. another B. other C. more D. less 答案 A,例18 Have you finished your report yet? No, Ill finish in _ten minutes. (NMET 1995),近年來單項填空題型對語言知識考查的特點為： （1）內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣，考查范圍為大綱中列出的所有語法項目。 （2）重點突出，強(qiáng)調(diào)對動詞用法的考查，每年的高考中都有相關(guān)試題，涉及如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、動詞詞義辨析等方面數(shù)量都在5道題以上。,例19 The taxi driver often reminds passengers to _ their belongings when they leave the car.,A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take,答案 D,例19 The taxi driver often reminds passengers to _ their belongings when they leave the car.,A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take,例20 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.,A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written,A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written,答案 A,例20 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.,三、解題方法,1. 可采用跟蹤追擊法，如 look forward _ sth，可直接到選項中找to， 或者也可采用排斥法，另三個都不對，那么剩下的就是對的。,2. 仔細(xì)看題干，體會情景、說話人的感情，一個詞也不能忽略。,3. 動詞是考核的重點，包括動詞的時態(tài)、非謂語動詞、情態(tài)動詞、被動語態(tài)和短語動詞的詞匯辯義。把動詞作為考查的重點是合理的，因為動詞是英語中最活躍的詞類，是句子的核心成分。此外，英語動詞的變化較多，形式頗為復(fù)雜，是英