中考英語名詞冠詞復(fù)習(xí)課件(新目標).ppt

Revision of Junior English Go for it ! 九年級,Nouns 名詞,名 詞 表示人、事物、地點的名稱或者抽象概念的詞 分為專有名詞和普通名詞,專有名詞 表示個別的人、事物、地點等專有的名稱。專有名詞第一個字母要大寫 * Lucy * China * the Summer Palace,普通名詞 分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞 表示人、事物、地點等的名稱。 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式之分,名詞的單數(shù)形式 一般可用a來修飾 * a car *a book 在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用 an * an elephant * an apple 請區(qū)別：a useful machine,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法 (1) 一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s”/s/or/z/ * dog dogs * book books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”/iz/ *box boxes *watch watches,(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es” /iz/ * country countries * factory factories 請區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s” * boy boys * monkey monkeys,(4) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞加“s” /z/ * radio radios * zoo zoos 只有 potato tomato加“es”構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù) potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5) 以f、fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe 為v再加“es” /vz/ * half halves * shelf shelves *knife knives * leaf leaves,2.特殊變化的單詞 (1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形 Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheep sheep (2)變元音字母oo為ee tooth teeth foot feet,3.變man為 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 請區(qū)別：German(德國人) Germans 4. 其它形式 child children mouse mice,5.一些合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成分兩種情況 (1)將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) girlfriend girlfriends grandchild grandchildren (2) man,woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞，每個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù) a man doctor men doctors a woman teacher women teachers,6.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞 people clothes police trousers glasses 這些名詞作主語時，注意它們的謂語用復(fù)數(shù) * My clothes are newer than yours. * The police often come here.,7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) *There are a few people in the park. *How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。 特別記?。?work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù) *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.,3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而 of 后始終是單數(shù) *There is a piece of paper in the book. *Three glasses of orange are on the desk.,注意： 可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示， of 后用復(fù)數(shù) * There are two bags of clothes over there. * We have five boxes of apples.,4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情 況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個詞，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) paper(紙) a paper(報紙) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空間) a room(房間),(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各種水果) fish(魚) fishes(各種魚) hair(所有頭發(fā)) hairs (幾根頭發(fā)) time(時間) times(時代),名詞的一般用法 名詞做定語 1.修飾另一名詞時,一般用單數(shù) * He has two pencil-boxes. * There are three banana trees over there. 2.man woman用做定語時,應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持數(shù)的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all women workers.,3.sports,clothes做定語時,仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop 4. 當數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時， 單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接。 *He is a fourteen-year-old boy. *This is a two-hour plan.,名詞做主語時,應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。 * Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一個大家庭,她的家人都是老師。 *There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡,名詞所有格 表示名詞間的所有關(guān)系“ 的” 一.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法 1.單數(shù)名詞后加“ s” *Tom s book *my friend s uncle 2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“ ”即可 *Teachers Day *two weeks holiday,3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加“ s” * Children s Day * men s shoes 4.用of加名詞，構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的短語，主要用于表示無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系 *the color of the wall *a picture of the classroom,二.名詞所有格的幾個注意點 1.可用名詞所有格表示地點, 地點名詞習(xí)慣上省略 * my aunts ( home） (我姑姑家） * go to the teachers ( office） (去老師辦公室） 2.有些名詞的所有格可用兩種形式 *the cats name / the name of the cat *Chinas capital/ the capital of China,3.表示兩人共同擁有,在最后一個名詞后加“s” * Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房間（兩人共有一間房間） 請區(qū)別: Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房間和莉莉的房間 （兩人各有一間房間）,Article 冠詞,冠 詞 虛詞，本身無獨立的意義， 它用來幫助說明名詞所指的人或物是泛指還是特指 不定冠詞a, an（泛指） 定冠詞 the （特指）,1.不定冠詞的用法 1)表示某人(事物)的某一種類 * My father is a driver. * Do you like an apple or a pear? 2) 表示某一事物中的任何一個 *An elephant is bigger than a horse. *A monkey can climb trees.,3)表示某人某物,但不具體說明何人何物。 *A student from Class Two runs fastest. *A man is calling now. 4)表示數(shù)量， 有“一” 的含義 *There is a flower in the vase. *A panda has a mouth , a nose，two eyes.,5)有些不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一種”、“一場”、“一堆”時， 須加不定冠詞 *a heavy snow *a strong wind *make a fire *have a good time 6)用于固定詞組 *half an hour *a moment ago * a lot of *have a rest *a little a few *a pair if,2.定冠詞的用法 1)指上文提到過的人或物,用定冠詞the 2)世界上獨一無二的事物前用定冠詞the *the sun *the moon *the earth 3)定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前或表示方位的名詞前和形容詞最高級前 *the first *the best *in the south,4)樂器名稱前用定冠詞the * play the piano * play the violin 5)在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示一家人，?？闯蓮?fù)數(shù) *The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. =The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.,6)在一些形容詞前，表示一類人 *the rich 富人 *the old 老人 *the deaf 聾子 在一些專有名詞和習(xí)慣用語中常用定冠詞the * the Great Wall *by the way *in the morning *on the right *behind the chair *all the time,3.不用冠詞 1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年、學(xué)科等詞前不用冠詞 *in summer *in August *on Sunday *study physics 請區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945 (特指,加the ) 2)一日三餐和球類運動名詞前不用冠詞 *have breakfast *play football,3)名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, any,each作定語,不用冠詞 * They met here this morning. * Each boy has a workbook. 4)一些專有名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、稱呼、頭銜不用冠詞 China Grade Two Mr.Li Dr.Liu meat,5）表示顏色、語種、國家前不用冠詞 * in purple * in red * Japanese * Britain 6）固定詞組 * go to bed * by bus * at night * in time,4.在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在范圍內(nèi)的前部 *There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵樹 * The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom. 講臺在教室的前部, in hospital (生病)住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里 *Hes ill in hospital. 他生病住院。 *My parents work in the hospital. 我的父母在醫(yī)院工作。,Exercises,用名詞的正確形式填空 1 He cut the apple into _ (half). 2 The _ (potato) are mine. 3 How many _ (family) are there in this town? 4 There are ten _ (deer) on the farm. 5 These _ (German) are _ (businessman). 6 Last week we went to the _ (child) Park.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Childrens,改錯 1. Its a hard work. 2.We dont have any class on Sundays. 3. The rooms windows are very big. .,Its hard work.,We dont have any classes on Sundays.,The windows of the room are very big.,4 How many milk is there in the bag? 5.Could I have three papers ,please？ 6.These two pieces of bread is over there.,How much milk is there in the bag?,Could I have three pieces of paper ,please？,These two pieces of bread are over there.,( )1 I found _ good news in _ newspaper. A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a ( )2 What _ it is today! A. a fine weather B. fine weather C. fine a weather D. the fine weather ( )3 To their _ , they have all passed the exam. A. surprise B. surprising C. surprises D. surprised,D,B,A,( )4 Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks ( )5 Please make _ for him. He is very tired. A. any room B. any room C. some rooms D. some room ( )6 The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old,D,D,C,( ) 7 He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes. A shoes store B shoe store C shoes store D shoes store ( ) 8 I will give you _ to finish it. A two weeks time B two weeks time C two week time D two weeks time ( ) 9 The two bedroom are the _. A twins B twins C twins D twins,B,B,C,( ) 10 This is an old photo of mine when I _. A have short hairs B had short hairs C have short hair D had short hair ( ) 11 I think the country is much more beautiful