數(shù)學(xué)與科技丘成桐教授北京二零零四年三月二十四日由.ppt

1,數(shù)學(xué)與科技 丘成桐教授 北京 二零零四年三月二十四日 由于促進(jìn)中國(guó)與其它國(guó) 家的科技交流而得到中國(guó)政 府的表?yè)P(yáng)，本人深感榮幸。 我生于汕頭,長(zhǎng)于香港， 接受的是英國(guó)式的殖民地教 育?？尚蚁雀钢匾曋袊?guó)文化， 把我送到中文中學(xué)就讀。,Mathematics and its role in Science and Technology Professor Shing Tung Yau Beijing March 24, 2004 It is a great honor for me to be recognized by the Chinese government on my efforts to promote scientific interchange between China and other counties. I was born in south China and grew up in Hong Kong. I was educated under the colonial system set up by the British. Fortunately, my father was proud of Chinese culture and sent me to a Chinese middle school.,2,I was also educated in The Chinese University of Hong Kong. While my training on mathematics and science in Hong Kong could not be said to be great, I was fortunate to learn Chinese culture in a reasonable thorough manner. The elegance of Chinese literature had deep influence on my thinking. I am proud of the deep and continuous developing civilization of my mother country. While I devoted my whole life to study fundamental science, I also consider promotion of science, especially for my mother country, to be a responsibility of my life.,其后我肄業(yè)于香港中文大學(xué)。相對(duì)而言，在那里學(xué)到的數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)知識(shí)并不算很多，但卻對(duì)中國(guó)文化有了一個(gè)比較全面的了解。 中國(guó)文化博大精深，對(duì)我有很大的影響。我引以自傲的是，祖國(guó)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，迄今猶自欣欣向榮的文明。我雖然畢生研究基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，但亦以推廣、普及科學(xué)為己任，對(duì)與祖國(guó)有關(guān)的工作，尤其珍惜。,3,While I left Hong Kong in 1969, I did not have passport of any country. At that time, it was not clear at all that the Chinese government would build a good relation with the United States. I did watch with great joy when Nixon visited China. In 1979, I was invited by Professor Hua to visit the Academic Sinica. I learnt a lot from Professor Huas book when I was in high school. I admired him and was flattered to be invited.,1969年離開香港時(shí)，我并沒有拿英國(guó)護(hù)照。當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)政府是否會(huì)和美國(guó)修好，還是一個(gè)謎。尼克松訪華，我在電視上看到了，感到十分高興。1979年華羅庚教授邀請(qǐng)我訪問中國(guó)科學(xué)院。早在中學(xué)時(shí)，我已經(jīng)讀過不少華先生的著作，獲益良多，他是我敬佩的人物。他的來函，令我有受寵若驚之感。,4,When I stepped out from the airplane in the Beijing airport, I touched the soil of Beijing and felt great joy to return to my mother country. I am proud to say that when I was awarded the Fields Medal in mathematics, I held no passport of any country and should certainly be considered as Chinese. I did put in a lot of efforts to help Chinese mathematics. On the other hand, I regretted very much that I still could not settle down in China. Whatever I have done for Chinese mathematics can in no way be compared with those Chinese who have grown up and stayed here or those who returned to China on a permanent basis.,甫出機(jī)場(chǎng)，接觸到首都的泥土，回到了祖國(guó)母親的懷抱，我心潮澎湃，激動(dòng)萬分?；叵氆@頒數(shù)學(xué)上的菲爾茲獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，我并無持有任何國(guó)家的護(hù)照，因此我是以堂堂正正中國(guó)人的身份去領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)的。 我為中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)的發(fā)展出了不少力。不無遺憾的是，至今我尚未能回國(guó)定居。當(dāng)然，我對(duì)中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)，與在此間土生土長(zhǎng)，或自海外歸來，長(zhǎng)期工作的同行相比，是微不足道的。,5,It will be an exaggeration to attach too much importance for those who hold a permanent position in foreign soil to talk about development of this great country. I will therefore only make some humble comments based on my observations. As we know, China has developed education system since Confucius time. Knowledge is accessible even to non-nobleman. It was a break through.,海外學(xué)者對(duì)國(guó)家發(fā)展種種意見，雖然每有精警之言，但也不必奉之為金科玉律，全盤接受。 故此，本人謹(jǐn)就親眼所見，親耳所聞，略抒管窺之見，如有一二中的，則于愿足矣。 我國(guó)自從孔子開始，便建立了完整的教育體系，這是大家都知道的。從此教育不再是貴族的專利，這可是件石破天驚的大事。,6,By Han dynasty, the government started to build a system to select educated man and man with virtue to serve the country. Even kids in villages have potential to be in the central government. The system was reasonably fair and China is united partially based on such outreached system. It may be interesting to note that even foreigners were able to hold high position in the court at that time. The system was polished and became system of examinations. The scope of examinations was rather large during early dynasties, like Tang dynasty. Even mathematics was included in the test. However, the examination has been much more focused in the past four hundred years. It was thought that a thorough study of Confucius thinking is enough to run the government. Hence the test has been focused on a very narrow band of knowledge. The damage to the creative thinking in China is almost fatal.,及至漢代，地方舉薦賢良文章之士于廟堂，于是鄉(xiāng)黨小子，亦有望大用于朝廷。這種頗為公允的做法，無遠(yuǎn)弗屆，整個(gè)國(guó)家大一統(tǒng)的局面，或多或少亦由此而維系。值得一提的是，甚至外國(guó)人也曾在朝廷供任高職。 這種制度逐漸演變,最后便形成考試制度了。在這種制度的早期例如唐代考試的范圍還是頗為廣泛的,數(shù)學(xué)也包括在內(nèi)。但在過去四百年間,考試的范圍便大大地縮窄了。大家以為熟讀四書五經(jīng),便足以治國(guó)平天下。因此，考試的知識(shí)面變得異常狹窄，國(guó)人思想上的原創(chuàng)力在這種鉗制下，遂變得奄奄一息了。,7,It is important to realize that Confucius considered knowledge to be virtue: 大學(xué)之道，在明明德， 在新民，在止於至善。 But Confucius did train students on practical matter. Some of his students became diplomats. Some of them became businessman. Some of them became general. The Greek philosophers Socrates also consider knowledge to be virtue. But pursuing of truth and beauty is the essence of Greek education. In this daunting new world, knowledge is the key to human well-being. Any great country will have to substain long term investment in learning, without which social advancement is an empty dream. Knowledge has to be based on the following: 1. Virtue, Ethics 2. Knowledge of humanity 3. Basic science 4. Applied Science,重要的是，孔子以為知識(shí)是一種美德 大學(xué)之道，在明明德， 在新民，在止于至善。 雖然如此，孔子也傳授實(shí)際的學(xué)問。他的門人當(dāng)中，有的當(dāng)上外交官，有的作生意，有的做了將軍。希臘哲人蘇格拉底也以知識(shí)為善。追求真善美乃是希臘教育的宗旨。在無畏的新時(shí)代 (daunting new world) 里，知識(shí)乃是人類通往幸福的鑰匙。任何大國(guó)都必須長(zhǎng)期投資于教育，不這樣做，社會(huì)的進(jìn)步只能是空談。知識(shí)必須建基于 1. 道德倫理 2. 人文知識(shí) 3. 基礎(chǔ)科學(xué) 4. 應(yīng)用科學(xué),8,Since the defeat of Opium war in the early nineteenth century, China realized its own weakness in modern technology and tried several times to modernize. The major development was on building ships, railways, mining and building weapons. After two centuries of trial and error, we finally see a true opportunity to develop China into a great country. While economic growth is unpreceding strong in modern Chinese history, we should remember that the true engine of modernization is based on acquisition and application of knowledge. However, for a developing country, knowledge is usually associated to applied science only. One tends to overemphasize short-term payoffs and ignores long-term strength. One should note that Fundamental science is the base of all modern technology. Chinas modernization should realize the importance of basic science.,自十九世紀(jì)中鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)失敗后，中國(guó)便深深感受到技術(shù)落后的弱點(diǎn)，嘗試改革、現(xiàn)代化也不只一次了。當(dāng)時(shí)主要的做法是造船、筑鐵路、開礦、生產(chǎn)武器等等。經(jīng)過了差不多兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的努力與失誤，到了今日，我們終于看到了中華民族復(fù)興的契機(jī)。當(dāng)前我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展，是近代史上空前的。但是，我們必須牢牢記住，汲取知識(shí)和應(yīng)用知識(shí)，才是現(xiàn)代化的真正動(dòng)力。 然而,發(fā)展中國(guó)家往往以為知識(shí)只指應(yīng)用科學(xué)而言。人們追求立竿見影的效果,忽視長(zhǎng)期的利益。我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到,只有基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),才是現(xiàn)代科技之母。中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化,必須要意識(shí)到基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的重要性。,9,Michael Atiyah who is president of Royal Society of England, told me the following: For a country like China which has aspirations to become a world economic power, it cannot be lack of ambition. Certainly the Japanese who started off with the plan of just copying the west soon changed to invest in fundamental research. Also the US is the most advanced economically and is supporting fundamental research in a big way. I would think that China world be receptive to the challenge of competing in all respects with Japan and the USA.,阿提亞教授 (Michael Atiyah) 擔(dān)任英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，曾對(duì)我說了這番話: 中國(guó)既望躋身經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)之列，就必須雄心萬丈，志不在小。日本維新之初，一意仿效西洋，但旋即改變方向，致力發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)研究。 美國(guó)雖是當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)最強(qiáng)體，但它依然大力注資于科研。我想中國(guó)要與日本,美國(guó)分庭抗禮,就必須在各方面與它們并駕齊驅(qū)。,10,There are several important branches of sciences and technology that will play fundamental role in this century: Information technology Life science Energy science Material science Environment science Economics and finance Social science While these branches do interact with each other, they depend heavily on the development of fundamental science who provide the principle: why and how things actually work. Interdependence of scientific disciplines recurs frequently throughout history. A successful merge of ideas of two apparently independent fields always brings unexpected glory to both subjects.,在這個(gè)世紀(jì)，有幾門科技會(huì)發(fā)揮根本的作用，它們包括 信息技術(shù) 生命科學(xué) 能源科學(xué) 材料科學(xué) 環(huán)境科學(xué) 經(jīng)濟(jì)與金融 社會(huì)科學(xué) 這幾門學(xué)科互相滲透，它們同樣依賴于基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，因?yàn)楹笳咧赋隽耸挛锏母驹怼；仡櫄v史，科技領(lǐng)域互相依賴，屢見不鮮。兩門看似無關(guān)的領(lǐng)域，其中的概念一旦能成功地融合，肯定對(duì)大家都大有好處。,11,In the nineteenth century, we saw the great success of unification of electricity and magnetism. In the twentieth century, we saw the great success of application of quantum mechanics to chemistry. We saw application of mathematics and physics to the building of modern computer which in turn become the fundamental tool of all science and technology. Nowadays, we are witnessing the glory of application of physical science to life science. Each unification started from basic science. By the time when it is successful, great breakthrough in technology was rewarded. It brought great economic growth for those countries who initiated and enhanced such development.,在十九世紀(jì)，人們看到了電學(xué)與磁學(xué)的結(jié)合；在二十世紀(jì)，人們看到了量子力學(xué)在化學(xué)上的應(yīng)用，同時(shí)也看到了數(shù)學(xué)和物理如何應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)，使之成為所有科學(xué)技術(shù)中不可或缺的工具。當(dāng)前人們正在見證物理科學(xué)應(yīng)用于生命科學(xué)。凡此種種，都是人類文明的偉大成就。 學(xué)科之間的融合，始于其基礎(chǔ)部分。當(dāng)融合完成之時(shí)，往往導(dǎo)致技術(shù)上的突破。對(duì)于帶動(dòng)或支持這些發(fā)展的國(guó)家，其在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的利益，是不可低估的。,12,In the past two centuries, we saw the accumulation in wealth of European countries based on scientific and technological advances. The first and second world wars brought a large group of international scientists and engineers to the United States. We saw the American dominance of the world. The unparalleled prosperity of United States is driven by technology growing out of the investment in basic scientific research over the past fifty years. Large portions of the patent rights held by American companies and universities came from the strength of basic science.,在過去的兩個(gè)世紀(jì),歐洲各國(guó)因科學(xué)及技術(shù)而累積了大量的財(cái)富。二次世界大戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大量科學(xué)家及工程人員移民美國(guó)。當(dāng)今之世,美國(guó)的影響力可說是無遠(yuǎn)弗屆。它空前的繁榮，實(shí)歸功于技術(shù)工藝的進(jìn)步，而后者多少源自其在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的投資。美國(guó)公司和院校所擁有的大量專利權(quán)，都拜基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究之賜。,13,The strength as a world power relies on the ability to educate the population in basic science and to recruit the best mend in the world to work for them. In the case of United States, a lot of foreigner talents may not even speak English fluently. I believe China should recruit many non-Chinese talents even if they may not understand about China at the beginning. The reason is that science, especially pure science, has no border. We can be benefited much more by foreigners who are not biased. In the twenty first century, mathematics will be the most basic subject to be studied. Mathematics gives the underpinning structure for all science. It is not only the language for all science. It has a life by itself.,一個(gè)國(guó)家的國(guó)力是否強(qiáng)盛，表現(xiàn)于其國(guó)民的科學(xué)知識(shí)水平，以及其吸引外來精英的能力。就以美國(guó)為例，很多在美國(guó)工作的海外人材，連英語都說不好。我認(rèn)為中國(guó)應(yīng)吸引非華裔人材來華工作，不管他們是否認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)，畢竟科學(xué)是沒有疆界的。只有不分中外，兼收并蓄，我們才能取得成功。 在二十一世紀(jì)，數(shù)學(xué)會(huì)成為最基本的學(xué)科。數(shù)學(xué)會(huì)成為所有科學(xué)的框架，它不但是科學(xué)的語言，還有其本身的價(jià)值。,14,I. Mathematics as a basic language: Geometry is the language of spacetime. Calculus is the language of astronomy. Operator theory is the language of quantum mechanics. Fourier analysis is the language for wave motion. All these are subjects that are considered exceedingly beautiful by mathematicians. They were developed in its own right. The common feature of these subjects that were understood by mathematicians. They then give rise to the most fundamental reason why we have interdisciplary interactions between seemingly unrelated subjects.,一.數(shù)學(xué)是基本語言 時(shí)空的語言是幾何，天文學(xué)的語言是微積分，量子力學(xué)要透過算子理論來描述，而波動(dòng)理論則靠傅立葉分析來說明。數(shù)學(xué)家研究這些科目，最先都由于其本身之美所感召，但最后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)這些科目背后，竟有些共通的特性。這個(gè)事實(shí)說明了看起來并不相關(guān)的科目，它們之間有甚多交纏互倚的地方。,15,Let us look at common language. While language may be a symbol, it does convey our emotion and our feeling of the subject that we describe. Chinese poems are not the same as Western poems because we do emphasize the use of each Chinese character which carry different meanings in general. Even among Chinese poems, the number of characters that are allowed in composing the poem do change the feeling that we want to convey. Ancient Poems were more flexible. Han poems used five characters per sentence. Tang poems use seven characters. Sung developed Qi which had different number of characters for each sentences. Each style of poems reflects the feeling of schlors of these dynasties.,我們先看看通用的語言。語言是一種符號(hào)，用以傳情達(dá)意。中國(guó)詩(shī)與西洋詩(shī)不同之處，在于前者著重每個(gè)單字的用法，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)單字都具有不同的意義。然而，就算在中國(guó)詩(shī)內(nèi)，字體的多寡也左右了要表達(dá)的感情。古詩(shī)較隨意，漢詩(shī)以五言為主，唐代則重七言，到了宋代，流行的便是長(zhǎng)短句詞了。不同的體裁，微妙地反映了不同朝代文人的感受。,16,Hence mathematics research does change the scientific development that we are working with. For example, a deep understanding of Fourier analysis or wavelet can give much different understanding of wave motion or technique of imaging. Conversely, the practical world did influence the development of mathematics. The beauty of wave motions and their spectrum was the most basic driving force to develop the subject. Their important application to modern technology and theoretical science cannot be exaggerated.,因之，數(shù)學(xué)的研究改變了科學(xué)發(fā)展的航道。舉例而言，對(duì)付立葉分析的理解越深入，我們就更能理解波的運(yùn)動(dòng)及圖像的技巧。反之，現(xiàn)實(shí)世界也左右了數(shù)學(xué)的發(fā)展。波運(yùn)動(dòng)及其譜所顯示的美，乃是這些科目發(fā)展的原動(dòng)力。這些學(xué)科對(duì)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)及理論科學(xué)的影響極其深遠(yuǎn)。,17,It is difficult to imagine that Newton can develop classical mechanics without the great language of calculus whose development can be traced back to Archimedes. There is no doubt that Farady understood electricity and magnetism. But the final completion of the theory was due to the Maxwell equations. Its implications for understanding light, radio wave and modern science is tremendous. II. Mathematics as a science of order Besides being a language, and a subject of great beauty on its own right, mathematics is a science of order. Let us read a citation of a Harvard professor, Andrew Gleason:,沒有微積分這種起源于亞基米德的偉大語言，很難想象牛頓能發(fā)展古典力學(xué)。 毫無疑問，法拉第精通電學(xué)和磁學(xué)。但電磁學(xué)的完整理論要?dú)w功于麥克斯維方程。電磁學(xué)對(duì)光、無線電波和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的研究是極為重要的。 二.數(shù)學(xué)是秩序的科學(xué) 除了作為一種語言，以及一門純美的學(xué)科外，數(shù)學(xué)還是秩序的科學(xué) (a science of order)。我們引一段美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)前會(huì)長(zhǎng)、哈佛教授格臣 (Andrew Gleason) 的說話:,18,“Mathematics is the science of order: its object is to find, describe and understand the order that underlies apparently complex situations. The principal tools of mathematics are concepts which enable us to describe this order. Precisely because mathematicians have been searching for centuries for the most efficient concepts for describing obscure instances of order. Their tools are applicable to the outside world; for the real world is the very epitome of a complex situation in which there is a great deal of order.” Therefore it is not surprising to see that mathematics has strong applications in economics where several Nobel Laurents were awarded based on their works related to mathematics. We expect its application to Social science and history through Data mining and statistic.,數(shù)學(xué)乃是秩序的科學(xué)，它的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)、刻劃、了解外觀復(fù)雜情況的秩序。數(shù)學(xué)中的概念，恰好能夠描述這些秩序。數(shù)學(xué)家花了幾百年來尋找最有效地描述這些秩序的精微曲折處。這種工具可用于外在世界，畢竟現(xiàn)實(shí)世界是種種復(fù)雜情況的縮影，其中包含大量的秩序。 由是觀之，數(shù)學(xué)能大用于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，是毫不奇怪的。好幾個(gè)諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)得獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，其工作皆與數(shù)學(xué)有關(guān)。,19,III. Mathematics as a tool A lot of important mathematics were developed with sole motivation to study problems in engineer. For example, N. Wiener and his students pioneer the study of information science. However, the theory of stochastic differential equations, the theory of Wiener measure, and the theory of entropy have gone far beyond the original purpose of their study. The theory of Bucy-Kalman filter is absolutely fundamental for modern Control theory. The theory of Shock wave is important for design of airplanes.,三.作為工具的數(shù)學(xué) 大量重要的數(shù)學(xué)，原意是為解決工程上的問題。比如，維納 (N. Wiener) 及其弟子，是訊息科學(xué)的先驅(qū)。他們發(fā)展出來的如隨機(jī)微分方程、維納測(cè)度淪、熵論等，最終都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出它們?cè)瓉淼膭?dòng)機(jī)。Bucy-Kalman 濾子理論在現(xiàn)在控制論中舉足輕重，而沖擊波則在飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)起著關(guān)鍵的作用。,20,IV. Mathematics as a subject of beauty The purest branch of mathematics is perhaps number theory. It goes back to ancient days in Babylon, in Greece and other countries. It is a subject of great beauty. No great mathematicians can resist the appreciation of it. Yet in the past twenty years, we see its importance in application to question of security. Crytography depends in a large scale on questions related to factorization of integers to prime numbers, development of Self-corrected Codes depends on algebraic geometry. Geometry grew out from the desire to survey land and for navigation. While it still serves the same purpose, its power has gone far beyond the original motivation. It is the basic building block of fundamental physics of spacetime. Its applications include computer graphics, Crystallography and tomography.,四.數(shù)學(xué)作為純美的學(xué)科 最純粹的數(shù)學(xué)，要算是數(shù)論了。其根源可以追溯到古代巴比倫、希臘及其它國(guó)度。它精美絕倫，沒有大數(shù)學(xué)家不曾為其傾倒。在過去二十年間，我們看到了數(shù)論在保安問題上的重要應(yīng)用。解碼學(xué)依賴于大量與因子分解為質(zhì)數(shù)的問題。自我修正數(shù)碼也依賴于代數(shù)幾何學(xué)。 幾何來源自土地測(cè)量及航海。雖然它確實(shí)解決了有關(guān)的問題，但它的功能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了兩者，它演變成為時(shí)空物理的基石。,21,Practically all branches of mathematics that were driven by desire to pursue beauty have found great use in practical world. V. Mathematics in industry: In 1995, the Society for industrial and applied mathematics published a report. They survey 75 managers in industry through telephone calls. Nearly half (49%) of them characterized mathematics as an underlying requirement or tool for them. Among those managers, their education background:,差不多所有原先為追求純美而發(fā)展的數(shù)學(xué)分枝，都在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中找到重要的應(yīng)用。 五.數(shù)學(xué)在工業(yè) 1995年工業(yè)與應(yīng)用學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)報(bào)告。 他們透過電話訪問了工業(yè)界的七十五位經(jīng)理。差不多有一半49%指出數(shù)學(xué)是他們必需的背景或工具。這些受訪者的教育背景如下:,22,The report found the following: Application of mathematics,這份報(bào)告也指出 數(shù)學(xué)的應(yīng)用,23,VI. Overview of policy on mathematics in China Chinese government certainly realizes the importance of modern technology. There is no question that Chinese science and technology has experienced tremendous growth in the past ten years in terms of outputs of papers. To look at mathematics alone, we have the following table which shows that the number of Chinese mathematics papers grew from 6% to 10% of the product of the whole world in a matter of ten years. (Although one should note that this figure include Chinese mathematicians all over the world, a lot of them reside in America).,六. 中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)概觀 中國(guó)認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)代科技的重要，這點(diǎn)是不容置疑的。過去十年間我國(guó)科技的驚人發(fā)展，就論文的數(shù)量而言，十分可觀。單就數(shù)學(xué)一項(xiàng)，從下表可見，中國(guó)人發(fā)表文章的百分率，就從6%上升到10%必須指出，所謂中國(guó)人包括居于世界各地的中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家，在美國(guó)僑居者不少。,24,Mathematics Review (by American Mathematics Society) The output of papers by Chinese mathematics,美國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)會(huì)數(shù)學(xué)評(píng)論 中國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家的論文,25,While quantity of publication does give an indication of research activities, more detail study of published papers show that only a very limited amount of these Chinese papers appeared in first class journals. The major problem that Chinese scientists are facing is how to lift quality of research papers. There are not much Chinese papers that may pioneer a subject or direction of importance. The overemphasize of quantity of papers does have negative effect on research.,誠(chéng)然，論文的多寡，可以視為研究頻繁疏落的指標(biāo)。然而細(xì)心審視下，可以看到發(fā)表于一流期刋的文章，畢竟只屬少數(shù)。故此當(dāng)務(wù)之急是提升論文的水平。國(guó)人工作能開拓一領(lǐng)域，或指出一重要方向者，寥若晨星。過份重視文章的數(shù)量，對(duì)研究有負(fù)