九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀課件.ppt

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀專題復(fù)習(xí),主要內(nèi)容：,一、技巧方法,閱讀能力 閱讀心理 解題方法 習(xí)慣培養(yǎng),二、題型分析,s,三、課后作業(yè),一、閱讀理解能力,1 理解主旨要義 2 理解文中具體信息 3 根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的意義 4 做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷的推理 5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 6 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度,二、閱讀心理,第一種模式：“自下而上”式。該模式強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)篇本身作用，認(rèn)為閱讀是一系列信息處理過(guò)程。由低級(jí)的字詞解碼到最終獲取信息的過(guò)程。 第二種模式：“自上而下”式。該模式強(qiáng)調(diào)讀者的背景知識(shí)在理解中的作用，認(rèn)為閱讀是一種選擇、猜測(cè)、預(yù)測(cè)、檢驗(yàn)和證實(shí)的過(guò)程，是一種心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)的猜測(cè)游戲。 第三種模式：“交互作用”模式，認(rèn)為閱讀是上述兩種模式交互作用過(guò)程。,1. 先看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。 2. 速讀全文，了解大意知主題。 3.詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)。 4. 邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。,三、解題方法,四、培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣,1.擴(kuò)大視距 2.克服聲讀 3 克服逐字讀,五、閱讀題型講解及分析,1.主旨大意題 2.推理判斷題 3.詞義推測(cè)題 4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題,1.主旨大意題,主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通過(guò)各種細(xì)節(jié)信息來(lái)闡明中心話題。,常見的命題方式：,What is the main idea of this passage? What dose this passage mainly concern? The main theme of this passage is_ The main point of the passage is_ Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is_ The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_ Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?,文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)文章的寫作方法來(lái)體現(xiàn)，有以下幾種情況：,1.主題句位于句首。 2.主題句位于段末。 3. 主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。 4.主題句位于段落的中間。 5.主題句隱含在段意之中。,典型例子分析：,The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。 Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(電網(wǎng)). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。 Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year。 Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘車上班族) could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpgassuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008安徽卷) This passage is mainly about _。 A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips,【解析】 本文主要介紹了如何節(jié)約能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主題很明顯，文章一開始就點(diǎn)明了主題，接下來(lái)整篇文章都是圍繞如何save energy展開，而save fuel僅僅只是其中的一部分。故選A。 針對(duì)主旨大意類題目，應(yīng)采用快速閱讀法(Skimming)瀏覽全文。在閱讀時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意文章的開頭、結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因?yàn)樗麄兺恼碌闹行淖h題。,2.推理判斷題,推理判斷題通常占總題數(shù)的15%30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識(shí)別能力。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。常出現(xiàn)的推理題有邏輯推理，知識(shí)推理等。 這類考題中常出現(xiàn)的詞有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。,常見的命題方式：,From paragraph one we can infer that_ What can be inferred from the passage? We can infer from the text that? What can we learn from? We can conclude from the passage that_ The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that_ The author implies that_ This passage would most likely be found in_ The authors attitude towardis_?,推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，掌握文章的真正內(nèi)涵 ：,1.要吃透文章的字面意思 。 2.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，符合邏輯地推理。 3.要忠實(shí)于原文 。 4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。,典型例題：,As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friends house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, hes out in the woods, ” with a tone(語(yǔ)氣) of airy acceptance. Its similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone Im looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk?！?For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while。 It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008天津卷) 55. How does the author feel about his childhood? A. Happy but short. B. Lonely but memorable。 C. Boring and meaningless. D. Long and unforgettable。,【解析】 本文描述了小時(shí)侯玩耍的“樹林”對(duì)與“我”和朋友們的意義。主要講述了我們?cè)凇皹淞帧敝兴鶑氖碌幕顒?dòng)探索，以及之后隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，不再去那里的過(guò)程。從全文看，作者在“樹林”里過(guò)的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，當(dāng)我們一部分人上了七年級(jí)之后。我們?cè)凇皹淞帧敝械耐嫠＞徒Y(jié)束了。很短暫。因此，正確選項(xiàng)為A。 做這一類題時(shí)一定注意： 1.把握文中意，切勿主觀臆斷 2.要特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛、感情、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)和作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。 3.能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。,3.詞義推測(cè)題,該題型主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。 近幾年的高考閱讀理解題越來(lái)越重視對(duì)猜詞悟義能力的考查，試題中有一到兩個(gè)小題是直接考查詞義猜測(cè)的。從考查內(nèi)容看主要有猜測(cè)某個(gè)生詞、熟詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的意思以及猜測(cè)代詞的指代等。,常見的命題方式：,Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? The wordcould best be replaced by? In theparagraph, the wordmeans(refers to) According to the passage,probably means The authors uses the wordto mean The wordis most likely to mean。,典型例題：,Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。 “I would never have said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste?！?Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。 (2008廣東卷) 41. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means _。 A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation,【解析】 D 由上文中提到的 “he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager?！币约啊癟here was just a complete gap in taste?！笨芍猤ulf應(yīng)表示兩代人之間關(guān)系的“代溝”。separation指“分開，分離”。 猜測(cè)詞義時(shí)更多用到的方法是：結(jié)合上下文的意 義、線索、內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系。一般情況下，上下文所提示的意義與所考詞匯通常是同義、反義或針對(duì)性解釋的關(guān)系，可直接確定詞義。根據(jù)上下文意義很難作出判斷的，就考慮用句法和內(nèi)在邏輯方法去判斷，符合句法和內(nèi)在邏輯的可能為正確答案，反之則排除。,4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題,細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解題中占有相當(dāng)大的比例。細(xì)節(jié)題可分為兩種類型：一種是答案幾乎可以直接出短文中獲得，正確答案和原文中含相關(guān)信息的句子也幾乎相同；另一種細(xì)節(jié)題要復(fù)雜一些，正確答案可能是原文某一事實(shí)的結(jié)果、原因、前提等。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題的特點(diǎn)是：要選擇的答案一定要在短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語(yǔ)、句子或段落。在閱讀過(guò)程中對(duì)一些涉及到who, what, when, where, how, why等常考的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容做適當(dāng)標(biāo)記，以便于解題時(shí)迅速、準(zhǔn)確的查找。,常見的命題方式：,According to the author, who/what/when/ where/which/why/how? Which of the following statements is true/not true? The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that_ Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text? The author states all of the following EXCEPT_ 當(dāng)問(wèn)題中含有not,except,but等表示否定、排除等意義的詞時(shí)，需要進(jìn)行逆向思維。因此，一定要保持思維清晰、認(rèn)真審題，不要武斷。,典型例題：,Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(獨(dú)角獸). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn。 According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree。 (2008江西卷) 56. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn? A. It was not historically recorded B. Its horn was first used in France C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx D. It could be the symbol of a university,【解析】 56. D A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)榕c第一段第二句不吻合；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)榕c第三段中的事實(shí)不符，文中只提到了the French court用了unicorn horn，時(shí)間是the French Revolution in 1789，并未說(shuō)這是第一次使用；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在與第一段不符，文中只提到了Aristotle的理論闡述，并沒有說(shuō)人們對(duì)the Indian Ass和the Oryx熟悉；D項(xiàng)與第一段倒數(shù)第二句內(nèi)容吻合。 對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)考查通常涉及一些長(zhǎng)難句，首先判斷是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句，若是簡(jiǎn)單句，先找句子的主、謂、賓，理解其主要意義，再加附屬成分的意義。若是復(fù)合句，先判斷從句，再分析各自的意義，最后聯(lián)合整句意義。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題要認(rèn)真，周全考慮方能選取正確答案。這種題的正確選項(xiàng)往往是原文意義的不同表現(xiàn)形式。干擾項(xiàng)常是以下幾種情況：選項(xiàng)本身正確，但不符合題干要求；選項(xiàng)本身錯(cuò)誤或原文根本沒有提到；選項(xiàng)中含有原文信息，但其中個(gè)別詞描述的不準(zhǔn)確，這種選項(xiàng)的干擾性最強(qiáng)，考生在答題時(shí)要十分注意。,課后練習(xí),My grandfather grew up in war-torn Europe. When German soldiers occupied his hometown the thriving city of Ta row Poland he refused to obey them and eventually joined the Soviet army to fight for his countrys freedom .“Stand straight stand tall ” he told himself. After the war in 1947 he boarded a boat for Manhattan. He was hungry and suffering from seasickness. All alone in a new country he was frightened about his future .Still he marched head-on into the hustle and bustle of the streets of New York . Soon he met other European immigrants each of them trying to find his or her own way .If they could do it why couldnt he “Stand straight stand tall” he would remind himself. Thanks to the help of a loyal and trusting friend my grandfather gained a jewelry booth on Canal Street New York City .He once told me how nervous he was on that first day of work. He was not only trying to learn this tough new business but also a new language. To his surprise the men in neighboring boothswho could have taken advantage of himoffered their help and advice. Within months my grandfather was commanding his spot behind the counter selling diamonds and cultured pearls as if hed been doing it his whole life. Stand straight and stand tall. In later years my grandfather would take both my mother and her sister down the aisle at their weddings. Ashe stood with each of them he thought about their new beginnings and of the adventures and journeys they would experience together .He also thought about the children who would one day carry on his family name. I am so proud to be one of those children. Listening to my grandfathers remarkable experiences has changed the way I view my own life.,56