外文翻譯--拆裝小車概述

1 附 錄 附錄 A 英文科技文獻 Disassembly Automotive Overview Car shortly after the invention of the automobile repair and then had the industry. In order to convenient maintenance， with jack lifting machine maintenance tools to appear. The early simple columnar foundation type hydraulic lifting machine， is greatly raised than it was still early jack and the function of the test bench， this early lifting machine can rotate function in lifting the car later， rotating 360 . Maybe you often go to a car maintenance， now still use the lift machine to provide daily vehicle maintenance service， this kind of lifting machine has largely work for 75 years. Along with the development of the car industry， simple columnar type elevator machine design， the limitation of shows up soon. If only in car around for testing maintenance work of words， the lifting machine will be enough， but this lifting machine and the central pillar of the hoist boom would hamper into the bottom of the car most area. For simple columnar type elevator machine of these limitations， engineers have put forward a lot of lifting machine design scheme and a lot of improvement work. Now， lifting machine selection scope of great， have foundation type， spots， cut the type， type of parallel four edges form， portable， simple columnar type， double column type， four-column type， driving type， contact the car battery， symmetric， the symmetric， small trip， big lift， queue， and other various type of lifting machine design. Some lifting machine may also. In the market can see different types of different size， lifting machine， there are some particularly suitable for engaged in special type of maintenance work， there are a few lifting machine for some other maintenance work. Double column spots car battery lifting machine is contact a widespread adoption of lifting machine， in recent years all new sales lifting machine， at least two-thirds are this type. This design is very popular， there are several reasons: one is the lifting machine installation quick， do not need a wide range of excavation， also do not need to enterprises whole layout some permanent changes. 2 it is the diversity of function， a double column spots car battery lifting machine with almost all can be used for the car maintenance work. The lifting of the machine and contact the layout of cantilever pad， making maintenance technician can easily into the bottom of the car， the car in operation and maintenance. Therefore， almost all major lifting machine manufacturers to at least one type of production double column spots type elevator machine. 2 In recent years， I had a booming industry， especially the car industry， DuoNian to cars into the ordinary families dream has become a reality. Vehicle repair industry has got to develop， all kinds of maintenance equipment needs rapid expansion. Auto lift machine is necessary maintenance， is also the most important maintenance machinery. Auto lift machine is the role of the need of repair car level to the appropriate height， so that maintenance workers in car chassis of automobile maintenance. Below Auto lift machine such as mentioned above， the main divided into pillar type and shear type two kinds， no matter which kind of， the demand from both sides to car level synchronization up， and cant happen migration. And car chassis below must be empty. To facilitate the maintenance workers homework. This requires auto lift machine lifting device must be on both sides of the separation of both sides， and rise or fall must be synchronous. Because of the weight of the car generally very big， and lift for special smoothly， so auto lift machine typically use the hydraulic drive system. Besides the requirement from a certain range from cars both sides synchronous lifting the decline and car， also requires its can make cars at any height to stop and to keep still， so that different height of the workers in maintenance， at different location can adjust height， the most convenient for repair， so hydraulic system must have positioning keep function. In addition for car weight is very big， once hydraulic system failure， lifting machine for arm in car the force of gravity will decline rapidly to pull off the maintenance workers may be the life security threats， lifting the car on and broke the danger. So in order to prevent this happens， lifting machine must have mechanical locking devices， mechanical locks were installed in by lifting cylinder piston rod and the top and lifting arm connected pin shaft on the two root jagged rack， installation of the oil cylinder to the outside of the rack is stationary. And can the pin shaft do certain Angle， to the swing of the separation of the two root rack and mesh. When lifting arm in positioning state or hydraulic system failure， hydraulic below a certain value， dynamic rack will of its own gravity and spring under the action of forces and still rack meshing， mechanical locked， increased the lifting the security of the machine. Nearly 20 years the world lifting machine industry has changed greatly. RT (off-road tires lifting machine) and AT the whole earth to lifting machine () of the rapid development of products， broke original product and market structure， economic development and market in the fierce competition in the world， the impact of lifting machine market further integration trend. At present the lifting machine years sales has the world around us $7.5 billion. The main producers for the United States， Japan， Germany， France， Italy， etc， the worlds top companies have more than 10 factories， mainly concentrated in the North America， Japan (Asia) and Europe. 3 The United States is lifting machine main producer countries， it is one of the largest in the world market. But because Japan， Germany lifting machine rapid development of industry and RT and AT the rise of American manufacturers， products have in the s to 70 s， the world leading position in the field of possession is gradually weakened， so as to form the United States， Japan and Germany tripartite balance of power. In recent years the United States economy picks up， market， foreign manufacturers are active to participate in the competition. The strength of the American manufacturers also improved， TeLeiKeSi elevator company that is the rise of examples. TeLeiKeSi elevator company predecessor is the colin lifting depots. Since 1995， through a series of the merger activity， has become one of the worlds top companies. Japan from the 1970 s become lifting machine production country， product quality and quantity improve soon， have been exported to European and American markets， annual production ranked first in the world. Since 1992， due to the yens appreciation， domestic infrastructure investment dropped and the Asian financial crisis， the annual output to drop. At present， the market demand for years for 3000 units or so. Europe is a large market potential， European industrial nations lifting machine is the exporter， but also the important importer. Germany is the largest European market， followed by Britain， France， Italy and other countries. In Germany AT products market share， liebherr accounted for 53%， 16%， DE lafugelufu horse) 14%， many fields and TeLeiKeSi each account for 10% and 5%. Lifting machine manufacture the wind of the combined with the auto industry is very similar， in the car industry， general motors， ford， BMW， Mercedes， Renault， public companies are on the way to unite， the two industries has been one of the world market. In the world to mature market for market share and maintain growth， shortcut is to buy rival， the long-term goal is to win the world market dominance. In the elevator industry， in a sense， into the world market means that into North America， Japan (Asia) and Europe market. 4 附錄 B 文獻翻譯 拆裝小車概述 汽車發(fā)明后不久便有了汽車維修的行業(yè)。為了維修方便，有了千斤頂舉升機等維修工具的出現(xiàn)。 早期的單柱地基式液壓舉升機，大大地提高了比它問世還早的千斤頂和臺架的功能，這種早期舉升機的旋轉(zhuǎn)功能可以在舉起汽車以后，將其旋轉(zhuǎn) 360。也許你經(jīng)常去 的一個汽車維修廠，現(xiàn)在仍然利用這種舉升機為客戶提供日常的汽車維修服務(wù)，這種舉升機大多已經(jīng)工作了 75 年了。 隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展，單柱式舉升機設(shè)計上的局限性很快就顯露出來了。如果只是在汽車四周進行檢測維修工作的話，這種舉升機也就足夠了，但是這種舉升機的起重臂和中央立柱會妨礙進入汽車底部的大部分區(qū)域。針對單柱式舉升機的這些局限性，工程師已經(jīng)提出了很多舉升機的設(shè)計方案并作了許多改進工作?，F(xiàn)在，舉升機的選擇范圍很大，有地基式、托舉式、剪式、平行四邊形式、便攜式、單柱式、雙柱式、四柱式、驅(qū)動式、接觸車架式、對稱式、非對 稱式、小行程、大升程、隊列式以及其它的各種舉升機設(shè)計方案。某些舉升機可能同時具有這些設(shè)計方案中的幾個特點。 在市場上可以看到的型式各異、尺寸不同的舉升機中，有一些特別適合于從事特殊類型的維修作業(yè)，也有少數(shù)的舉升機適合進行一些其它的維修作業(yè)。 雙柱托舉接觸車架式舉升機是一個被廣泛采納的舉升機，在最近幾年所有新銷售的舉升機中，至少三分之二都是這種類型的。這種設(shè)計之所以很流行，有幾方面的原因的：一就是這種舉升機安裝起來很快，不需要大范圍的開挖，也不需要對維修廠的整體布局進行一些永久性的變動。二是功能的多樣 性，一臺雙柱托舉接觸車架式舉升機幾乎可以用來進行所有汽車的維修作業(yè)。這種舉升機的懸臂和接觸襯墊的布局，使得維修工能夠很容易地進入汽車的整個底部，進行車底的維修操作。因此，幾乎所有主要的舉升機生產(chǎn)廠家都要生產(chǎn)至少一種型號的雙柱托舉式舉升機。 近年來，我過汽車業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，尤其是轎車行業(yè)，多年來轎車進入普通家庭的夢想已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實。汽車維修行業(yè)也隨之得到了大力發(fā)展，各種維修設(shè)備的需求迅速擴大。汽車舉升機是維修廠必備的，也是最重要的維修機械。 汽車舉升機的作用是將需要維修的汽車水平提升到合適的高度，以便維修工人在汽車 底盤下方對汽車進行維修。汽車舉升機如上邊提到的，主要分為柱式和剪式兩種，無論哪一種，都要求其能夠從兩側(cè)將汽車水平同步舉起，不能發(fā)生偏移。而汽車底盤下方必須為空的。以方便工人進行維修作業(yè)。這就要求汽車舉升機兩側(cè)的舉升裝置必須是分離的，且兩側(cè)的上升或下降必須是同步的。由于汽車的重量一般都很大，而且 5 升降時要求特別平穩(wěn)，所以汽車舉升機一般都采用液壓系統(tǒng)進行驅(qū)動。除了要求從一定范圍內(nèi)從汽車兩側(cè)將汽車同步舉升和下降外，還要求其能使汽車在任意高度停止并保持不動，以便不同身高的工人，在維修不同位置時可以任意調(diào)整高度，最方便 的進行維修，因此液壓系統(tǒng)必須具有定位保持功能。另外因汽車重量很大，一旦液壓系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，舉升機舉臂在汽車重力的作用下會迅速下滑可能對扯下維修工人的生命安全造成威脅，舉升機上面的汽車也有被摔壞的危險。所以為了防止這樣的情況發(fā)生，舉升機必須具有機械鎖定裝置，機械鎖由分別安裝在舉升油缸外側(cè)和活塞桿