短文改錯(cuò)(技巧總結(jié)).doc

短文改錯(cuò) 題型介紹高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)歷來(lái)是考生的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗疾榈氖强忌木C合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，考查內(nèi)容涵蓋英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的各個(gè)層面。高考短文改錯(cuò)的短文通常只有110個(gè)詞左右，文體多為第一/三人稱記敘文、應(yīng)用文(以書(shū)信為主)。所選取的語(yǔ)言材料貼近實(shí)際生活，多為考生所熟知，且話題貼近學(xué)生，有的帶點(diǎn)幽默，有的包含教育意義。文字淺顯易懂，材料中沒(méi)有生僻、超綱的詞匯；句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，基本上是簡(jiǎn)單句和并不復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句；語(yǔ)言地道，符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。各種錯(cuò)誤所占比例為：多：缺：錯(cuò)為1:1: 8解題技巧改錯(cuò)步驟短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤主要是以下兩方面。語(yǔ)法方面：主要考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞和代詞的各種形式、主謂一致、冠詞、連詞、介詞、詞形(指應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞還是副詞形式，以及平行結(jié)構(gòu)中詞的正確形式)。行文邏輯方面。主要考查人物的性別及相應(yīng)的物主代詞或物的數(shù)量及相應(yīng)的物主代詞。句子的并列，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果關(guān)系和時(shí)間的先后順序等。“四不改”原則：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫(xiě)不改；大小寫(xiě)不改；詞序錯(cuò)誤不改(應(yīng)從錯(cuò)詞或少詞方面考慮)；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改?！八母膭?dòng)”原則：忠實(shí)于原文原則(不可改變?cè)牡脑?；錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則；虛詞以添加或者刪除為原則；實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則。1. 通讀全文，了解短文大意。把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯，尤其是有的行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤在看單句時(shí)難以發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤（比如前文用Mike，后文代詞用she等）。在通讀全文時(shí)把一些容易的錯(cuò)誤先改好，再進(jìn)行分句改錯(cuò)。2. 分句閱讀，逐行找錯(cuò)。在完成第一步后，要進(jìn)行逐行逐句的改錯(cuò)。這時(shí)要從文中的詞法、句法和語(yǔ)篇角度著重分析和特別注意。注意不能改變句子的原意，也不能改掉原來(lái)正確的詞語(yǔ)而換成了另一種正確的表達(dá)形式，如某些定語(yǔ)從句中that與which的互換是不給分的。3. 最后把改好的短文再閱讀一遍，檢查答案是否正確，感覺(jué)是否還有不妥之處，最終形成定稿。注意嚴(yán)格按照例題要求和解題說(shuō)明，用規(guī)定的符號(hào)去改，不要用文字去說(shuō)明或者用箭頭表示，更不能在原題中亂畫(huà)。答題時(shí)可以從以下幾點(diǎn)考慮： 1. 句中的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂、代詞一致嗎？ 2. 句中的謂語(yǔ)完整嗎？ 3. 習(xí)慣用法固定搭配正確嗎？ 4. 冠詞、形容詞、副詞及關(guān)系詞得當(dāng)嗎？ 5. 該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)嗎？ 6. 從句的連接詞對(duì)了嗎？ 7. 從句中的謂語(yǔ)完整嗎？ 真題講解（一）Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do. (浙江)（二）Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home. (遼寧) （三） When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.（四）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. （五）After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone. There exist now a park that has a small river running through. The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out the city, and sports center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.答案與解析：（一） 1. Two years before, beforeago；ago指的是從現(xiàn)在起到過(guò)去時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間。這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用。2. I rented for a car. 去掉for，因?yàn)閞ent為及物動(dòng)詞。3. Unfortunate, I had an accident Unfortunate改為Unfortunately，修飾一句話用副詞。4. at least two week week weeks5. I called my parents, so I did not tell them sobut，邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤。6. I knew that they will be willwould，主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。7. worried about myself myselfme，句中的主語(yǔ)為they，不構(gòu)成反身代詞；8. I was so farther away, fartherfar，句中不構(gòu)成比較級(jí)。9. I told them interested stories interestedinteresting，interesting才表示“令人感興趣的”。10.nobody knew truth truth前加the，此處特指“那個(gè)真相”。（二）1. we have with you have had，由后面的was可知，這兒應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。2. It was so kind for you to let us for of，kind用于描述you的，適用于“It +形容詞+ of sb.”句型。3. Unfortunate, the only problem Unfortunate Unfortunately，修飾句子用副詞。4. for a result, there was a long line of traffic for as, as a result固定搭配。5. for at least six mile mile miles mile是可數(shù)名詞，并且前面是six。6. we waited there unless the road was clear unless until 后面一句是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“我們一直等到路通了”。7. In the car park here here there 敘述的是別的地方發(fā)生的事，所以用there。8. as car drove out far too quickly car前加a，car不是特指，并且是可數(shù)名詞，所以前面要加a。9. They finally dropped Gina off they we 敘述的是“我們”做的事，所以用we。10. and made our own way to home 去掉to，make ones way home中home為副詞，前面不用介詞to。（三）本文談到隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，環(huán)境受到了污染。1. think thought 指小時(shí)候“想”。2. 在countryside前加the 表示“在農(nóng)村”習(xí)慣上說(shuō)in the countryside。 3. or and 因“空氣新鮮”與“山綠”是并列關(guān)系。4. on with 表示“隨著”用with。5. 去掉shown前的been 因“研究”與“表明”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。6. seriously serious 在名詞前作定語(yǔ)要用形容詞。7. airs air 因air是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. Much Many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)要用many。9. found find 在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must)后用動(dòng)詞原形。10. your our /the 前后都是第一人稱。 高666考%資&源#網(wǎng)（四）作者敘述Tony跟父母去購(gòu)物時(shí)走丟，后又找到父母的經(jīng)歷。1. parent parents 由下文的his parents were missing可知用復(fù)數(shù)。2. on in 據(jù)常識(shí)，玩具應(yīng)在櫥窗里面，故用in。3. 去掉so后的very 這是sothat結(jié)構(gòu)，不用very。4. looks looking 介詞after后面接動(dòng)名詞，故用looking。5. where that 或者去掉where賓語(yǔ)從句，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與意思