（通用版）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 題型專題方略 專題四 語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò) 第三講 語(yǔ)法專題 一 名詞和冠詞針對(duì)訓(xùn)練.doc

名詞和冠詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練【名詞】.單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2014高考安徽卷改編)why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?thats a good_(suggest)解析：句意：如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話，為什么不先買一輛二手車呢？好主意。good是形容詞，修飾名詞，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞形式。答案：suggestion2while she was in paris，she developed a _(tasty) for fine art.解析：句意：在巴黎期間，她培養(yǎng)了對(duì)美術(shù)的興趣。冠詞a后加名詞，故填taste。答案：taste3my first _(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.解析：句意：我對(duì)他的第一印象是他是一個(gè)善良且有思想的年輕人。my first修飾名詞，再根據(jù)后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為was，故用單數(shù)形式。答案：impression4i havent seen sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond _(recognize)解析：句意：從sara還是個(gè)小女孩時(shí)起，我就沒再見過她，她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變得讓我認(rèn)不出了。beyond為介詞，故后接名詞，并且beyond recognition為固定搭配，意為“難以辨認(rèn)”。答案：recognition5the school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _(solve)解析：句意：學(xué)校顧問會(huì)幫你梳理一下你的問題，但是他們不會(huì)給你任何直接的解決方法。設(shè)空處前面有動(dòng)詞give，故需要填一個(gè)名詞來作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。答案：solution6(2015福建福州質(zhì)檢改編)weve been destroying lots of forests every year.what a shame！well be the _(victim) of our own foolish behavior.解析：句意：我們每年都破壞大量森林。太可惜了！我們會(huì)成為自己這種愚蠢行為的受害者。主語(yǔ)we表示復(fù)數(shù)，故設(shè)空處也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故填victims。答案：victims7there are _(sign) to show that a new，different city is coming out of its dark past.解析：句意：有跡象表明一座全新的、不同的城市正擺脫它黑暗的過去。根據(jù)there are可知后面的名詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：signs8the plan was in _(ruin) just because people were unwilling to cooperate.解析：句意：因?yàn)槿藗儾辉敢夂献髦率惯@個(gè)計(jì)劃被毀壞。此處in ruins為習(xí)慣搭配，意為“毀壞”。答案：ruins9it was a difficult job for him.he had tried everything but it made little _(different)解析：句意：這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來說有點(diǎn)難，他做了各種各樣的努力，但沒有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影響”，此處的make little difference表示“沒有多大作用”。答案：difference10the police found a few _(knife) in the thiefs room，which were used to open safes.解析：根據(jù)a few可知knife需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)以fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則可知knife的復(fù)數(shù)形式為knives。答案：knives.單句改錯(cuò)1(2015高考浙江卷短文改錯(cuò))my old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass._解析：由其前的three可知，此處名詞side應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“教室的三面”。答案：sidesides2(2015高考陜西卷短文改錯(cuò))mum taught me some basic step of baking._解析：step為可數(shù)名詞，前面有some修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：stepsteps3(2014高考遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò))weve called several time about cleos early morning barking._解析：time在此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“次數(shù)”。由上文的several可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：timetimes4(2015福建漳浦三中調(diào)研改編)if you want to own an iphone 6 ahead，youll have to make a reserve，or you will wait for some time._解析：句意：如果你想提前擁有一臺(tái)蘋果6手機(jī)，你將不得不預(yù)定，否則你就要等一段時(shí)間了。根據(jù)a可知，后面應(yīng)為名詞。答案：reservereservation5a new study shows that if your friends and family get fat，the chance are that you will too._解析：句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，如果你的朋友和家人變胖了，那么，你也有可能會(huì)變胖。the chances are that.意為“可能”。答案：chancechances6she said her uncle had some sheeps and five head of cattle on his farm._解析：根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用sheep的復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則可知，sheep的單復(fù)數(shù)同形。答案：sheepssheep7johns and toms mother was unconscious for five hours after being admitted to hospital._解析：句意：約翰和湯姆的媽媽被接收入院后五個(gè)小時(shí)都不省人事。由題干中的was可知此處主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，表示“約翰和湯姆共有的媽媽”，所以只在最后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加s。答案：johnsjohn8they told us that it was about twenty minutes walk to mikes house._解析：表示時(shí)間、距離、重量等無生命的事物的名詞用s所有格表示所有關(guān)系。答案：minutesminutes9through trade and travel the europeans made contacts with the arabs of the mediterranean area and the near east._解析：句意：通過貿(mào)易和旅游歐洲人與地中海和近東地區(qū)的阿拉伯人聯(lián)系起來。make contact with為固定搭配。答案：contactscontact10what fine weather！itll be a great fun to fly kites in the field._解析：fun為不可數(shù)名詞，前不加不定冠詞。答案：去掉a【冠詞】.單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2015安徽合肥市三中檢測(cè)改編)gottlieb daimler，_german engineer，is normally believed to have invented _car.解析：句意：通常人們認(rèn)為是戈特利布戴姆勒，一位德國(guó)的工程師，發(fā)明了汽車。第一空用不定冠詞a泛指“一個(gè)德國(guó)的工程師”；第二空用定冠詞the特指汽車這種發(fā)明。答案：a；the2i know _maggie smith，but not _famous one.解析：句意：我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)叫瑪吉史密斯的人，但不是那個(gè)名人。第一空用不定冠詞a表示泛指；第二空表特指，指雙方都知道的那個(gè)名人，故填定冠詞the。答案：a；the3mum，why cant i have _new bike?dear，you know，money doesnt grow on trees.解析：句意：媽媽，為什么我不能有一輛嶄新的自行車？親愛的，你知道，錢不是樹上長(zhǎng)出來的。空格處表示泛指“一輛新自行車”故用不定冠詞a。答案：a4there is no power like _power of confidence，and there is no student as competitive as _student who trusts his own abilities.解析：句意：沒有哪種力量能夠比得上自信心，沒有學(xué)生能夠勝過相信自己能力的學(xué)生。power后有限制性定語(yǔ)of confidence，故power表示特指，故填定冠詞the；student在此泛指一個(gè)相信自己能力的學(xué)生，故填不定冠詞a。答案：the；a5(2015福建福州市第八中學(xué)質(zhì)檢改編)tom will succeed to your property(財(cái)產(chǎn)) after your death，but i dont think he is _success.解析：句意：湯姆將會(huì)在你死后繼承你的財(cái)產(chǎn)，但是我不認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)成功的人。因?yàn)閟uccess在此表示一件具體的事，屬于抽象名詞具體化，故也用不定冠詞a。答案：a6the parents were shocked by _news that their son needed _operation on his knee.解析：句意：這對(duì)父母對(duì)他們的兒子需要做膝部手術(shù)的消息感到震驚。第一空news后帶有that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，表示特指，故用定冠詞；第二個(gè)泛指“一個(gè)”，故用不定冠詞，且operation是以元音音素開頭，故填an。答案：the；an7(2016江西南昌市八一中學(xué)月考改編)the girl was at _loss when word came that she had been disqualified from the speech competition.解析：句意：當(dāng)被取消演講比賽資格的消息傳來時(shí)，那個(gè)女孩很茫然。at a loss為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“茫然的”。答案：a8have you got these jeans in _larger size？this pair is a bit too small around my waist.解析：句意：這些牛仔褲還有更大碼的嗎？這條對(duì)我的腰圍來說有點(diǎn)小。“a 比較級(jí)”表示：比更的；“the比較級(jí)”表示：(兩者中)較的。設(shè)空處表示比說話者試穿的那件更大一點(diǎn)兒，故與不定冠詞連用。答案：a9its said that john will be in a job paying over$60，000 _year.right，he will also get paid by _week.解析：根據(jù)句意可知，第一空表示“每一、每”的概念，所以用不定冠詞a；第二空by the week為固定用法，表示“按周計(jì)算”。答案：a；the10university is _most worthwhile time of discovery and learning，and it is also _very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.解析：句意：大學(xué)是一段學(xué)習(xí)和探索的非常有價(jià)值的時(shí)光，而且對(duì)于我們每一個(gè)人來說也是一次很快樂很有價(jià)值的經(jīng)歷。第一空，因?yàn)闆]有明確的范圍，故不用最高級(jí)，a most意為“很，非?！?；experience意為“經(jīng)歷”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，在這里是泛指，所以前面需要用不定冠詞。答案：a；a.單句改錯(cuò)1(2015高考浙江卷短文改錯(cuò))i was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning._解析：in a hurry為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“匆匆忙忙”。答案：在第一個(gè)in后加a2(2014高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò))as result，the plants are growing everywhere._解析：as a result為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“因此，結(jié)果”。答案：as后加a3(2014高考陜西卷短文改錯(cuò))that day i didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but i learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!_解析：?jiǎn)卧~impressive的讀音以元音音素開頭，故將a改為an。答案：aan4during the camp trip，children were fascinated by the wonders of the nature._解析：nature“大自然”為不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞。答案：刪掉nature前的the5(2015福建龍巖教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)改編)we all hold a view that the director in charge should bear full responsibility for the fire in shanghai._解析：句意：那位主管應(yīng)該承擔(dān)上海這次火災(zāi)的全部責(zé)任，我們都持有這種觀點(diǎn)。view后帶有that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，故view表示特指。答案：athe6to get thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when its needed._解析：句意：為了全面地了解自己還需要適時(shí)地幫助自己。有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of.時(shí)，前面需用不定冠詞a/an。答案：get后加a7a air asia aircraft of indonesia，with 162 people on board，is reported to have crashed into the sea._解析：句意：印度尼西亞的一架亞洲航空公司的客機(jī)，機(jī)上載有162人，據(jù)報(bào)道已經(jīng)墜入海中。“一架亞洲航空的客機(jī)”，air以元音開頭，用不定冠詞an。答案：aan8this is by far a most inspiring movie that i have ever seen._解析：句意：這是我迄今為止看過的最鼓舞人心的電影了。由后面的定語(yǔ)從句that i have ever seen可知most inspiring為形容詞最高級(jí)，故a改為the。答案：athe9in the eyes of children，playing on the internet can only bring them a great fun._解析：句意：在孩子們的眼中，上網(wǎng)只會(huì)帶給他們無窮的樂趣。fun為不可數(shù)名詞，故前不加不定冠詞。答案：刪掉a10students in senior 3 are under great stress，because no one will take a risk of failing in the college entrance examinations._解析：句意：高三學(xué)生有著很大的壓力，因?yàn)闆]有人能承擔(dān)在高考中失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。take the risk of屬于固定搭配，意為：承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。答案：athe高考模擬.語(yǔ)法填空(2015吉林長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)期中考試)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。at present，high school students are under 1._ (increase)pressure to study long hours every day.they spend over 8 hours a day studying at school，some of 2._ even have to attend extra classes in their spare time.this greatly affects their health and makes their parents and teachers 3._ (concern)to help solve 4._ problem，recently，some relevant government departments have made a new 5._ (regular) that no students shall go to school at weekends 6._ during official holidays.we support such a reform and we know that 7._ is essential and important for us students to balance study and relaxation.you see，new years day 8._ (approach)，and ill make good use of the time 9._ (relax)also，i come to realize that if i can rest well，i will be able to study 10._ (effective) when i come back to school.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述目前學(xué)生壓力大，相關(guān)部門制定政策來禁止補(bǔ)課，讓學(xué)生休息好，才能在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)好。1解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。increasing作定語(yǔ)修飾pressure。答案：increasing2解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們一天八個(gè)小時(shí)在學(xué)校，許多人還上補(bǔ)習(xí)課，指的是人，故用whom。答案：whom3解析：考查固定短語(yǔ)。 make sb.concerned使某人擔(dān)心。答案：concerned4解析：考查冠詞。本句中的problem表示特指，指所提到的問題故用定冠詞the或指示代詞this。答案：the/this5解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)have made a new_(regular)中的a和new可知空格處應(yīng)為名詞。答案：regulation6解析：考查連詞。句意：為了幫助解決這個(gè)問題，相關(guān)部門制定一系列的規(guī)定，不允許學(xué)生在周末或假期補(bǔ)課。此處為并列關(guān)系，故用or。答案：or7解析：考查代詞。句意：我們知道這對(duì)于我們學(xué)生來說平衡學(xué)習(xí)與休息是非常有必要的。答案：it8解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：春節(jié)即將臨近，我們要利用時(shí)間休息。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。答案：is approaching9解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make good use of the time to do sth.充分利用時(shí)間做某事。答案：to relax10解析：考查副詞。effectively用來修飾study。答案：effectively.短文改錯(cuò)(2016長(zhǎng)春市調(diào)研試題)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。mr.zhang is sixty years old and had retired.he taught