代詞考點透視.doc

代詞考點透視一、人稱代詞的用法人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作動詞或介詞的賓語或表語。May I borrow it, please? 我可以借它嗎？I can look after her. 我能照看她。特別提醒 I與其他名詞或代詞并列使用時，一般須放在最后。但是，第一人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)we則不受此限制。Lucy and I go to school six days a week. 露西和我每周上六天學(xué)。巧記口訣 主在謂語前，賓在動介后。二、物主代詞的用法1.形容詞性物主代詞my, your, his, her, our, their, its等在句中作定語，后跟名詞。Im your new teacher this term. My name is Wu Jun. This is our first lesson. 這學(xué)期我是你們的新老師。我叫吳軍。這是我們的第一課。This is a bird, Its name is Polly. 這是一只鳥。它的名字叫波莉。2.名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語。Is this sweater yours? 這件毛衣是你的嗎？No, its not mine. I think its hers. Mine is here. 不是我的。我想是她的。我的在這里。He is an old friend of mine. 他是我的一位老朋友。特別提醒 漢語口語中常說“我父親”、“你弟弟”、“他妹妹”等, 英語中必須使用物主代詞，如my father, your brother, his sister.漢語中有不用物主代詞的習(xí)慣，英語中則要使用物主代詞。他晚上做功課。He does his lessons in the evening.下列短語中物主代詞一般不可省略：all one s life 一生; 終生 change ones mind 改變想法(主意)come into ones mind 想起 do ones best 盡力; 竭盡全力do ones homework 做家庭作業(yè) fire ( ones gun ) at 向開槍follow ones example 以為榜樣 lose ones life 喪生make up ones mind 下決心，決定 on ones way to (home) 在某人去(回家)的路上put up ones hand (s) 舉手 stay on ones feet 站著take ones time 不急; 慢慢干 to ones surprise 使某人驚奇的是with ones help 在(某人)幫助下三、反身代詞的用法1.反身代詞作“自己”解，常用在buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after等動詞后作賓語，表示動作回到主語本身，即句子的主語和賓語是同一人或事物。She didnt hurt herself, thank goodness. 謝天謝地，她沒有傷著自己。2.反身代詞作主語、賓語或表語的同位語，意為“親自”、“本人”，起強調(diào)作用，其位置較靈活。She told me the news herself. 她親自告訴我這消息。3.作表語，表示身體“正?！?；“常態(tài)”。He is not quite himself today. 他今天不大舒服。4.記住下列短語中須用反身代詞：help yourself/yourselves to. 請隨便吃enjoy oneself 玩得高興；過得愉快leave one by oneself 把某人單獨留下all by oneself 獨自地；孤獨的四、疑問代詞的用法疑問代詞what, which, who, whom, whose等一般放在句首，用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，可作主語，賓語、表語或定語。What has happened? 發(fā)生了什么事？(作主語)What do English people eat? 英國人吃什么？(作賓語)Which is your favorite? 你最喜歡的是哪一個？(作表語) What class are you in? 你在哪個班？(作定語)特別提醒 1. what和which作定語的區(qū)別是，which用于在一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物中進行選擇；而what則沒有此限制。Which do you like best, pears, apples or oranges?2. What about.？用來“征求意見”或“詢問消息”。What about going to fly kites? 去放風(fēng)箏好嗎？3. how many + 可數(shù)名詞，how much +不可數(shù)名詞How many bananas can you see on the desk? 你看到桌上有多少香蕉？How much money do you have? 你有多少錢？4. whatever “無論什么”，用來加強語氣。Dont change your mind, whatever happens. 無論發(fā)生什么事情，你都不要改變主意。五、指示代詞的用法1.作主語、賓語、表語或定語。This is my book. 這是我的書。Do you like this? 你喜歡這個嗎？That book is mine. 那本書是我的。What I want is this? 我要的就是這個。2. this / these一般用來指時間或空間上較近的人或物；而that / those常指時間或空間上較遠的人或物。This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are very busy these days.3. this / these可指后面要講到的事情，而that / those常指前面提到過的事物。John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. Im afraid I cant do that.(that指上句提到的help him with his lessons)4. that / those可用來指代前面提到的名詞。This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.這本書不如我昨天看過的那本有趣。(that指代the book)5. 在打電話時，常用that詢問對方是“誰”，用this介紹自己是“誰”。Is that Mrs Black speaking ? 你是布萊克夫人嗎？Yes, Whos that ? 是的，你是哪一位？This is Mary, Mrs Black.我是瑪麗，夫人。六、不定代詞的用法1.some和any表示“一些”。(1) some和any可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一些”，即不確定的或未知的數(shù)量數(shù)目。some通常用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。I can see some flowers. 我能看到一些花。I havent any brothers. 我沒有兄弟。Is there any tea in the cup? 杯子里有茶嗎？If any beast comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 如果有野獸向你撲來，我會幫助你。(2) some可用在表示邀請或請求的句子中，表示希望對方給予肯定回答。Would you like some bananas?(邀請)Bananas, Mmm, Id love some.May I ask you some questions? (請求)(3) any用于肯定句中，表示“任何(一個)的”。You may come at any time. 你隨便什么時候來都可以。2. each與every表示“每一”。(1) each強調(diào)“個別”，可單獨使用，也可修飾單數(shù)名詞或跟of表語結(jié)構(gòu)，作主語、賓語或同位語；every修飾單數(shù)名詞，強調(diào)“整體”，相當于漢語的“每個都”，只作定語。Each has his merits. 各有所長。He fills each of the stockings with Christmas presents. 他把每只襪子都裝滿圣誕禮物。(2) each表示兩個以上中的“每個”；every表示三個以上中的“每個”。There is a line of trees on each side of the river. 河的兩邊各有一行樹。Every student in the class likes English. 班上每個學(xué)生都喜歡英語。(3) everyone與every one的區(qū)別everyone意為“每人”，“人人”，只指人，不指物，后面不能跟of短語；every one意為“每個”，通常用來指物，后面可以跟of短語。Is everyone here today? 今天大家都到齊了嗎？His books are wonderful. I have read every one of them.他的書很精彩，每一本我都讀了(4) everyday與every day的區(qū)別everyday是形容詞，意思是“每天的”，“日常的”，只能作定語; every day是副詞，意思是“每天”，作狀語。everyday life日常生活；everyday English日常用英語；everyday clothes便服We have English lessons everyday. 我們每天都上英語課。(5) every及其所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞everybody, everyone, everything與單數(shù)謂語動詞連用，但常用they, them, their來指代。Everybody thinks theyre different from everybody else. 每個人都認為自己與其他人不同。(6)“every + 基數(shù)詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或“every + 序數(shù)詞 + 單數(shù)名詞”表示“每隔”，譯成漢語減去一。every three days / every third day每隔兩天I go to Italy every six weeks. 我每隔五周去一次意大利。Write on every other line. 隔行書寫。3. no和none表示“無”，“沒有”。no = not a, not any, 作定語，后跟可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；none后跟of短語，在句中作主語或賓語，表示“沒有任何東西或人”。I have no choice. 我沒有選擇余地。None of us can do this. 我們當中沒有人能做這事。I 特別提醒 (1) nobody, no one, nothing只能單獨使用，后面不跟of短語。他們當中沒有人會講日語。誤：Nobody of them can speak Japanese.正：Nobody can speak Japanese.正: None of them can speak Japanese.(2) nobody, no one, nothing和none常用作簡略答語，一般情況下，nothing回答what問句； nobody和no one回答who問句；none回答how many或how much問句。Whats in the box ? 盒子里有什么？ Nothing. 什么也沒有。Who is in the classroom? 誰在教室里？Nobody / No one. 沒有人。How many people are there in the park? 公園里有多少人？None.沒有人。4. all , both, whole表示“都”，“全部”。(1) both指兩個人或物，而all指三個以上的人或物，在句中都可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語或定語。Both of us want to go. 我們兩人都想去。All of us should work hard.我們都應(yīng)努力工作。(2) both和all都可直接修飾名詞；名詞前如有限定詞時，其前只能用both of或all of。Both brothers are clever. 兄弟倆都聰明。Both of the books are useful.兩本書都有用。(3) both和all在句中的位置是位于be動詞之后，行為動詞之前，如有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，則位于情態(tài)動詞或助動詞與主動詞之間。We are all here. 我們都來了。We both like to go. 我們都想去。They have all finished their homework .他們都完成了家庭作業(yè)。特別提醒(1) both的反義詞是neither, all的反義詞是none。Both of us are not doctors. 我們倆并非都是醫(yī)生。 (部分否定)Neither of us is a doctor. 我們倆都不是醫(yī)生。(全部否定)All of the books are not helpful. 并非所有這些書都對人有幫助。(部分否定)None of the books are helpful. 所有這些書都無益處。(全部否定)(2) all與whole的區(qū)別all與whole在表示“整體的”、“全部的”意思時，用法略有不同。all要置于冠詞、物主代詞或其他限定詞之前；而whole則要置于這些限定詞之后。試比較：all my life all the worldmy whole life the whole world(3) both和and并列相同詞類的詞。She can both sing and dance.He teaches both English and French.Both Jack and John are workers.5. neither表示“(兩者)都不”；either表示“兩者之一”或“(兩者中的)任何一個”，只用于單數(shù)名詞之前，of + 賓格人稱代詞或帶限定詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，作主語、賓語或定語。Neither of us likes singing.我們倆都不喜歡唱歌。Either of you could do it. 你們倆誰做都可以。6. another, other(s), the other(s), else等表示“另外”。(1) another表示不定數(shù)目中的另一個，意思是“再一”，“又一”，一般接單數(shù)名詞。Lucy, would you like another cake? 露西，你想再要一塊蛋糕嗎？I dont like this one, please show me another. 我不喜歡這一個。請拿另一個給我看看。如果another后有few或數(shù)詞時，可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。He will be back in another ten days.他再過10天才會回來。one another作“相互”、“彼此”解，指三者以上的“相互”；each other指兩者以上的“相互”。The three children enjoy playing with one another.這三個孩子喜歡在一起玩。(2) other泛指“其他的”，“另外的”，可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式others表示“另一些”；each other“互相”。Do you have any other questions? 你還有別的問題嗎？Give me some other examples. 給我另外再舉些例子。We love each other.我們互相愛護。(3) the other指“兩者中的另一個”，常與one連用，構(gòu)成one.the other結(jié)構(gòu)；the others特指一定范圍內(nèi)的“其余的人或物”。I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, the others are blue.我有10支鉛筆。兩支紅色的，其余的是藍色的。(4) else與other同意，但只能用在不定代詞和疑問代詞之后，其所有格形式為elses。Would you like anything else? 你不要別的什么嗎？What else did he say? 他還說了些什么？(5) 表示“三者以上的另外一個”，常用one.another.another或one.another.the other。There are three pencils on the desk. One is red, another is yellow, another (the other ) is green.7. many, much, a lot of , lots of , plenty of , a great number of 等表示“許多”。(1) many后跟可數(shù)名詞，much后跟不可數(shù)名詞，通常用于疑問句和否定句中。He speaks some Chinese, but not much. 他說些漢語，但是不多。How many people are there? 有多少人？He didnt know much English. 他不太懂英語。Is there much water in the jar? 缸里有很多水嗎？(2) 在so, as和too之后常用many和much，表示“這么多”，“這樣多”，“太多”之意，這時也可用于肯定句中。I like it, but it costs too much. 我喜歡它，但是太費錢。His teacher did not understand why the boy had so many strange questions. 他的老師不明白這孩子為什么有這樣多奇怪的問題。Why so much? 為什么會有這么多呢？(3) many和much也可與of + 限定詞 + 名詞/代詞連用。How many of you are there? 你們中有多少人In much of China, spring is usually very short. 中國的多數(shù)地區(qū)，春季通常是很短的。(4) a lot of , lots of和plenty of 即可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a great number后只能接可數(shù)名詞。I make a lot of different machines. 我制造許多不同的機器。There are plenty of eggs/meat in the basket. 籃子里有很多雞蛋(肉)。I have a great number of letters to write. 我有幾封信要寫。8. few, a few和little, a little表示“少”(1) few和a few后跟可數(shù)名詞; little和a little后跟不可數(shù)名詞。few和little表示“沒有幾個”，“很少”，含否定意義；a few和a little表示“有幾個”，“有一些”，含肯定意義，都可在句中作定語、主語和賓語。There were few people living here. 這兒幾乎沒有人居住。After a few minutes she started to cry again. 過了一會兒，她又開始哭了。There is little time left. 剩下的時間不多了。I have a little money. 我有一點錢。(2) 口語中常用only a few或only a little表示“只有一些(點)”，quite a few表示“相當多”。 How far is it? 有多遠？Only a few kilometers. 只有幾公里。 Do you speak Chinese? 你說漢語嗎？Only a little.只會說一點。 Ive made quite a few good friends here. 我在這里交了相當多的朋友。9. one, ones表示“指代”(1) one只用來代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式ones代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指某(些)人或某(些)物。 This moon-cake is very nice! 這月餅真好！Good. Would you like another one? 是的，你要再來一塊嗎？ Wei Huas pen was broken, so she needed a new one. 魏華的鋼筆壞了，因此她需要買支新的。(2) one或ones前有the, this, that, these或those等詞時，表示特指某(些)人或某(些)物。Which woman? 哪一位婦女？The one in the red coat.穿紅色外套的那位。The woolen ones are hanging here.羊毛質(zhì)的掛在這兒。直擊中考1. Jack, good boy! Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. (2003北京海淀區(qū))A. youB. meC. himD. her 點撥 答案是B。 此題旨在考查人稱代詞賓格作動詞賓語的用法。謂語動詞pass后應(yīng)用賓格作賓語。2. That girl is new in our class. Do you know _ name? (2003北京西城區(qū))A. herB. sheC. heD. his 點撥 答案是A。此題旨在考查人稱代詞與物主代詞的用法區(qū)別。人稱代詞在句中作主語或賓語；物主代詞在句中作定語。由前句主語girl確定空白處應(yīng)填入物主代詞her。3. Kate has lost_ keys, so she asks_ for help. (2003廈門)A. her; mine B. hers; me C. hers; I D. her; me點撥 答案是D。此題旨在綜合考查物主代詞與人稱代詞的用法區(qū)別。題意為“Kate丟失了她的鑰匙。她向我求助”。名詞keys前需用物主代詞作定語；動詞asks后需用人稱代詞賓格作賓語。4. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _ . (2003河南)A. usB. ourC. oursD. ourselves點撥 答案是C。 此題旨在考查名詞雙重所有格的用法。“單數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格”構(gòu)成雙重所有格。5.Yesterday I saw _enjoy _ in the park.(2003重慶)A. her, hers B. they, them C. she, herselfD. them, themselves點撥 答案是D。此題旨在綜合考查人稱代詞賓格和反身代詞的用法區(qū)別。動詞saw后需用人稱代詞賓格作賓語；enjoy oneself(玩得開心)是習(xí)慣搭配。6. Hello! Is that Mr. Wang speaking? (2003安徽)Yes. _.A. Whos that?B. Who are you?C. Im speaking D. Im Mr. Wang.點撥 答案是A。此題考查指示代詞在打電話用語中的特殊用法。即詢問對方是某人時說Who is that (speaking)?或Is that .speaking? 介紹自己時說This is .speaking.7. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than _ made in America. (2003南京)A. onesB. thoseC. thatD. it點撥 答案是B。those指代上文提到的名詞cars，以免重復(fù)。ones泛指上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞；it指上文提到的名詞。that用法同those。8. I am looking for a house. Id like _ with a garden. (2003安徽)A. oneB. itC. thatD. this點撥 答案是A。one泛指上文提到的人或事物中的一個；it指上文中提到的同一個事物。that代替句中的名詞以免重復(fù)。9.Theres someone at the door. Can you go and see who _ is? (2003江西)A. he B. she C. that D. it點撥 答案是D。此題考查it指代上文中提到的那個人或說話者心目中的人的用法。此處it代替上文中的someone。10. We found _ necessary to protect the environment. (貴陽2003)A. it B. this C. that D. what 點撥 答案是A。 此題考查it作形式賓語的用法。this, that是指示代詞，沒用這種用法。what是疑問代詞。11. _ does your mother do? (2003青海)She is a nurse.A. WhatB. WhereC. WhichD. How點撥 答案是A。 此題旨在考查疑問代詞的用法。疑問代詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語。what在此用來詢問某人的“職業(yè)”。12. 15. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. (2003北京海淀區(qū))A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few點撥 答案是D。 a little和little一般用來指代不可數(shù)名詞。a little表示肯定意義，意為“有一些”；a few和few指代可數(shù)名詞，a few表示肯定意義，few表示否定意義。new words作“生詞”講，是可數(shù)名詞，故首先排除A、B兩項。又由上半句中的is quite easy (相當容易)判斷，說明這篇英文小說中的生詞“很少”。13. Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow on or the pink one? _. I like a light blue one. (2003河北)A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. Neither 點撥 答案是D。 此題旨在考查不定代詞either, both和neither的用法區(qū)別。either表示“兩者中的任何一個”；both表示“兩者都”；neither表示“兩者都不”。由題意“你喜歡哪件毛衣，黃色的還是粉紅色的？”“我喜歡淺藍色的?！笨梢源_定“黃色的”和“粉紅色的”我都不喜歡。14. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher. (2003蘭州)A. another B. other C. others D. the other點撥 答案是D。 當要表示兩個人或物“一個，另一個”時，用one.the other.結(jié)構(gòu)。列舉三個以上的人或物時，用one.another.the other.或用one.another.another.或one.a second.the third.。15. All the boys were very tired, but _ of them would take a rest. (2003江蘇徐州)A. all B. neither C. any D. none點撥 答案是D。 此題考查不定代詞all, neither, any, none的用法區(qū)別。all和none互為反義詞，none指“(三者以上)都不”；neither是both的反義詞，表示“(兩者)都不”。題意為“所有的孩子都非常累，但是他們沒有一個愿意休息”。16. May I use your pen? Yes, here are two and you can use _ of them. (2003武漢)A. bothB. everyC. anyD. either點撥 答案是D。 either表示兩者中的“任何一個”；any也有“無論哪一個；任何”的意思，但表示“三者或三者以上”中的任何一個。both意思是“兩者都”，與題意不符。every不與of連用。17. Is _ here? No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. (2003南京)A. everybodyB. somebodyC. anybodyD. nobody點撥 答案是A。 此題旨在考查表人的不定代詞everybody, somebody, anybody和nobody的用法區(qū)別。everybody(everyone)指“每個人”，即“大家”；somebody (someone)指“某個人”；anybody(anyone)指“任何人”，常用于疑問句和否定句中；nobody指“沒有任何人”，表示否定意義。此題易誤選C。由答句“李磊和韓梅請假”可斷定問的是“大家都到齊了嗎？”18. Im hungry, Mum. I want _ to eat. (2003北京)A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing點撥 答案是C。 此題旨在考查不定代詞everything, something, anything和nothing的用法區(qū)別。something用于肯定句；anything用于否定句和疑問句；nothing表示否定意義，相當于not anything。解答此題關(guān)鍵詞是Im hungry。既然“餓了”，當然是要一些吃的東西(something to eat)。19. How many more oranges can I have? You can have one more. _ are for Tom. (2003廣州)A. The othersB. AnotherC. OthersD. The other點撥 答案是A。 the others在這里指眾多桔子中“其余的桔子”，是特指。another泛指“另一個；又一個”；others泛指“其余的；另外的”；the other特指“(兩者中的)另一個”，或后接單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表特指。20. I dont like this shirt, so I want to see some _ . (2003寧夏)A. other B. the other C. others D. another點撥 答案是C。 others在這里泛指“其他的”、“別的”(襯衫)，相當于名詞的作用。專項訓(xùn)練1. Anne has a son. _ name is Edward. A. Her B. His C. Hers D. Him2. My watch is old, but _ is new.A. his B. herC. yourD. its3. Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.Never mind. You can have _.A. us B. oursC. youD. yours4. The watch is so nice! Is it for _? Yes. Happy birthday, Mary!Thank you very much.A. his B. me C. my D. hers5. Oh, hi, Judy. Hi Jason. Come on in. Make _ at home. A. yourselfB. usC. yourselvesD. you6. We usually do _ homework in the evening.A. weB. onesC. meD. our7. I cant find my pen. Can you lend me _? Sorry, Im using it myself.A. youB. yourC. yourself D. yours8. Let _ do this exercise myself.A. him B. her C. us D. me9. Have you heard from _ recently?A. them B. they C. themselves D. their10. I met an old friend of _ on _ way home.A. mine; my B. my; the C. mine; a D. mine; the11. Did she go to school when she was young?No, she taught _ at home.A. her B. herself C. hers D. she12. “Help _ to some meat, Mary”, my aunt said to me.A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself13. _ is your father, a worker or a teacher?A. How B. Which C. What D. Who 14. _ is the population of France?A. Which B. How much C. What D. How many15. Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? is OK. Im free today and tomorrow.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None16. _ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday. They were staying at home all that day. A. EitherB. BothC. NeitherD. One17. Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? _ , thanks. Id like just a cup of tea.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None18. Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America.A. neither B. bothC. noneD. either19. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming; _ like ball games.A. the othersB. othersC. the otherD. other20. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers _ . A. themB. themselvesC. himD. himself21. She always thinks of _ more than herself. A. otherB. othersC. the otherD. the others22. You may go and ask him. He knows _ about Japanese. A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little23. The colour of her skirt is different from _ of mine.A. oneB. thatC. itD. this 24. The Class 3 and Class 1 runners both ran very slowly. _ of them ran faster than the Class 2 runner.A. EitherB. NobodyC. NoneD. Neither25. Last month we went to travel with some friends of _ . A. usB. oursC. ourD. ourselves26. Are you interested in maths or English, Mike ? _ . I prefer P. E.A. BothB. EitherC. NeitherD. None27. Boys, dont touch the machine , or you may hurt _ .A. myselfB. yourselfC. yourselves D. themselves28. _ blouse do you like best?The blue one. A. WhoB. WhichC. WhomD. Whose29. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and _ is in China.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the other30. My watch keeps good time. What about _ ?Mine? Oh, two minutes slow. A. youB. herC. hersD. yours31. _ house is this? Its mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Whos 32. Would you like some tea?Yes. Just _ .A. a fewB. very fewC. a littleD. little bit33. You have more apples than I. But _ are bigger than _ . A. my; yourB. my ; yoursC. mine; yourD. mine; yours34. I made the cake by _ . Help _ , Tom.Thanks, Jane.A. ourselves; yourselfB. myself; yourselfC. myself; yourselvesD. ourselves; yourselves35. He is always ready to help _ .A. anot