專業(yè)外語講稿第9課Fiberboard.doc

9 Fiberboard9 FiberboardThe term fiberboard includes hardboard, medium-density fiberboard(MDF), and insulation board.Several things dfferentiate fiberboard from particleboard, most notably the physical configuration of the comminuted material. Because wood is fibrous by nature, fiberboard exploits the inherent strength of wood to a greater extent than does particleboard.To make fibers for composites, bonds between the wood fibers must be broken. In its simplest form, this is age-old concept whereby material is fed between two disks, one rotating and the other stationary. As the material is forced through the preset gap between the disks, it is sheared, cut, and abraded into fibers and fiber bundles (Fig.9-1).Grain has been ground in this way for centuries.Water soaking, steam cooking, or chemical treatments can augment attrition milling, or refining as it is commonly called.Steaming the lignocellulosic weakens the lignin bonds between the cellulosic fibers.As a result, the fibers are more readily seperated and usually are less damaged than fibers processed by dry processing methods.Chemical treatments, usually alkali, are also used to weaken the lignin bonds.All of these treatments help increase fiber quality and reduce energy requirements, but they may reduce yield as well. Refiners are available with single-or double-rotating disks, as well as steam-pressurized and unpressurized configurations.For MDF, steam-pressurized refining is typical.Fiberboard is normally cassified by density and can be made by either dry or wet processes. Dry processes are applicable to boards with high density (hardboard) and medium density (MDF).Wet processes are applicable to both high-density hardboard and low-density insulation board.The following subsections briefly describe the manufacturing of high-and medium-density dry-process fiberboard, wetprocess hardboard, and wet-process low-density insulation board.Dry-Process FiberboardDry-process fiberboard is made in a similar fashion to particleboard. Resin (UF, PF) and other adhesives may be applied to the fibers by apraying in short-retention blenders or introduced as the wet fibers are fed from the refiner into a blowline dryer.Alternatively, some fiberboard plants add the resin in the refiner. The adhesive-coated fibers are the air-laid into a mat for subsequent pressing, much the same as mat formulation for particleboard.Pressing procedures for dry-process fiberboard differ somewhat from particleboard procedures. After the fiber mat is formed, it is typically pre-pressed in a band press.The densified mat is then trimmed by disk cutters and transferred to caul plates for the hardboard pressing operation; for MDF, the trimmed mat is transferred directly to the press.(Fig. 9-2).All dry-formed boards are pressed in multiopening presses at approximately 140 to 165 for UF-bonded products and 190 for PF bonded products.Continuous pressing using large, high pressure band presses is also gaining in popularity.Board density is a basic property and an indicator of board quality.Since density is greatly influenced by moisture content, this is constantly monitored by moisture sensors using infrared light.Fig.9-1 Fibers can be made from many lignocellulosics and form the raw materials for many composites, most notably fiberboard. Fibers are typically produced by the refining process.Fig.9-2 Air-laid mat about to enter a laboratory press/Wet-Process HardboardWet-process hardboards differ from dry-process fiberboard in severa significant ways.First, water is used as the distribution medium for forming the fibers into a mat.As such, this technology is really an extension of paper manufacturing technology. Secondly, some wet-process boards are made without additional binders.If the lignocellulosec contains sufficient lignin and if lignin is retained during the refining operation, lignin can serve as the binder. Under heat and pressure, lignin will flow and act as a thermosetting adhesive, enhancing the naturally occuring hydrogen bonds.Refining is an important step for developing stength in wetprocess hardboards.The refining operation must also yield a fiber of high “freeness;” that is it must be easy to remove water from the fiberous mat.The mat is typically formed on a Fourdrinier wire, like papermaking, or on cylinder formers.The wet process employs a continuousy traveling mesh screen, onto which the soupy pulp flows rapidly and smoothly.Water is drawn off through the screen and then through a series of press rolls, which use a wringing action to remove additional water.Wet-process hardboards are pressed in multi-opening presses heated by steam.The press cycle consists of three phases and lasts 6 to 15 min.The first phase is conducted at high pressure, and it removes most of the water while bringing the board to the desired thickness.The primary purpose of the second phase is to remove water vapor.The final phase is relatively short and results in the final cure.A maximum pressure of about 5 MPa is used.Heat is essential during pressing to induce fiber-to-fiber bond.A high temperature of up to 210 is used to increase production by causing faster evaporation of water.Lack of sufficient moisture removal during pressing adversely affects strength and may result in “springback” or blistering.Post-Treatment of Wet and Dry-Process HardboardSeveral treatments are used to increase the dimetional stability and mechanical performance of hardboard.Heat treatment, tempering, and humidification may be done singularly or in conjunction with one another.Heat treatment-exposure of pressed fiberboard to dry-improves dimensional stability and mechanical properties, reduces water absorption, and improves interfiber bonding.Tempering is the teat treatment of pressed boards, preceded by the addition of oil.Tempering improves board surface hardness and is sometimes done on various types of wet formed hardboard. It also improves resistance to abrasion, scratching, and water.The most common oils used include linseed oil, tung oil, and tall oil.tall oil 化妥爾油，落爾油 （蒸煮硫酸鹽木漿時的副產(chǎn)品，可用于制造肥皂、清漆等）網(wǎng)絡(luò)釋義tall oil:妥爾油|塔羅油|落爾油tall-oil adducts:松油添加物tall-oil derivative:松油衍生物Humidification is the addition of water to bring the board moisture content into equilibrium with the air.Initially, a pressed board has almost no moisture content.When the board is exposed to air, it expands linearly by taking on 3% to 7% moisture.Continuous or progresive humidifiers are commonly used for this purpose. Air of high humidity is forced through the stacks where it provides water vapor to the boards.The entire process is controlled by a drybulb-wetbulb controller. Another method invoves spraying water on the back side of the board.Finishing TechniquesSeveral techniques are used to finish fiberboard: trimming, sanding, surface treatment, punching, and embossing.Trimming-Trimming consists of reducing products into standard sizes and shapes.Generally, double-saw trimmers are used to saw the boards.Trimmers consist of overhead mounted saws or multiple saw drives.Trimmed board are stacked in piles for furniture processing.Sanding-If thickness tolerance is critical, hardboard is sanded prior to finishing.SIS (smooth on one side) boards require this process.Sanding reduces thickness variation and improves surface paitabilty. Single-head, wide-belt sanders are used with 24 to 36-grit abrasive.grit rit基本翻譯n. 粗砂，砂礫vi. 摩擦作聲vt. 研磨；在上鋪砂礫網(wǎng)絡(luò)釋義grit:沙礫|砂礫|砂粒grit removal:除砂|沉砂去除grit compartment:管井沉淀管|沈砂間abrasive breisiv基本翻譯n. 研磨料adj. 有研磨作用的；粗糙的；傷人感情的網(wǎng)絡(luò)釋義abrasive:磨料|砂輪|磨料的,研磨的Abrasive resistance:耐磨性|抗磨性能|耐磨度abrasive grain:磨料顆粒|磨料粒度|研磨砂Surface treatment-Surface treatments improve the appearance and performance of boards.Boards are cleaned by spraying with water and then dried at about 240 for 30 sec