簡介大學綜合英語大二上第一課中的人物Sigmund Freud.doc

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)An Austrian physician and founder of psychology embodying revolutionary and controversial views of human behavior. With his collaborator Joseph Breuer, Freud Published a book Studies on Hysteria (癔病研究1895)，beginning a new orientation of “psychoanalysis”. Freud abandoned the method of hypnosis in the treatment of hysteria for a method of free association and dream analysis. At first he place great emphasis on the role of the unconscious in personality development and discovered the importance of infantile sexuality and the Oedipus complex. Some important Freudian conceptions are: the unconscious: Id, Ego, Superego. They are a model of the structure of the psychic system, which distinguishes within the total personality three functional systems that are conveniently designated as id, ego, and superego. IN the Freudian system, the id is the reservoir of mans instinctive drives. It is the unconscious part of mind, which seeks immediate satisfaction of desires. It is connected with what a person wants to do. Ego is the rational, thoughtful , realistic personality process. It is characterized by a desire for independence, autonomy and self-direction.It is concerned with what a person can do. Superego is the idealized image that a person builds of himself in response to authority and social pressures. The id and the superego often come into conflict with each other. It is the task of the ego, according to Freud to find a realistic way to resolve the conflict- satisfying the demands of the id without offending the superego.His discovery and works exerted a profound influence upon the modernism and opened up a new dimention for the modernists, who later strove to explore this new “inner” reality in the many of their works of art. But his theories are faced with challenges in the 21st century.His major works include:The interpretations of Dreams 1