小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié).doc

小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié) 一、 名詞：有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 1、 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和、復(fù)數(shù)之分。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：【1】 一般在名詞詞尾“s ”如：teacherteachers eggeggs 【2】 以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”如:classclasses boxboxes busbuses watchwatches 【3】 以輔音字母+y的名詞變y為i加es如：storystories librarylibraries dictionarydictionaries hobbyhobbies 【4】 以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f,fe為v加es如：lifelives leafleaves halfhalves knifeknives wolfwolves wifewives 【5】 以o結(jié)尾的名詞英雄芒果土豆西紅柿”加es如：heroheroes mangomangoes potatopotatoes tomato-tomatoes【6】 其余加s如：zoozoos kilokilos radioradios photophotos pianopianos 【7】 不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式如：childchildren manmen woman-women footfeet toothteeth 【8】 有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如：Japanese、Chinese、sleep. 如：l have one sleep.He has two sleep. 2、 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 不可數(shù)名詞有： 【1】milk、water、juice、tea、ice; 【2】food、rice、meat、fish、chicken、bread、cheese； 【3】paper、newspaper、hair、time、money、homework、housework； 不可數(shù)名詞的的數(shù)量常表示如下 Two bottles of milk a cup of juice half a kilo of cheese a big of rice three kilos of meat some water 二、 人稱代詞 人稱代詞包括主格和賓格。主格在句中作主語，賓格用于動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語。 主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem我你們你、你們他她它他、她、它們We are going to have a picnic. Let us go. I miss everyone in China . Who can help me? What is he doing? He is trying to get on the bus. Look at him. She cant heat. This dog helps her. Tell me more about the Great Wall. 三、 物主代詞 物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞后需跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞后不用跟。名詞性物主代詞含義=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞的含義。 形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheirs我的我們的你的、你們的他的她的它的他、她、它們的This is my book.=This book is mine. This is hie bag=This bag is his.Your watch is old,but hers is new.Thanksgiving is my favourite festival.We say“Think you”for our food,family and friends. 四、疑問詞 who 誰 what 什么 when 什么時(shí)候 where 哪里 what time 幾點(diǎn) why 為什么 how 怎么 whose 誰的 how much 多少 how many多少 how old 多大what colour 什么顏色 how long 多長(zhǎng) what day 那天1、 對(duì)人物提問用whoWho gave it to you？ Simons family gave it to me. Who can help me? I can help you. 2、 對(duì)事物或做某事提問用whatWhat do you want？ I want a hot dog.What are you doing? I am reading a book.What are you going to study? Im going to study English.What are you going to do? Were going to walk around the lake.Whats it about? Its about animals. 3、對(duì)時(shí)間提問用whenWhen are you going to eat?Were going to eat at ha;f past twelve.When was he born? He was born in 1809.4、對(duì)點(diǎn)鐘提問用what time What time is it? Its twelve.What time do you get up? I get up at six oclock.5、 對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問用whereWhere was he born? He was born in France.Where are you? I am on the train.Wheres your mum? Shes at the supermarket.6、 對(duì)原因提問用whyWhy are you wearing a raincoat?Because its going to rain.7、 對(duì)身體狀態(tài)或方式用howHow are you? Im fine.How are you going to go to school?Im going to go to school by bus.8、 對(duì)價(jià)錢等不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量用how much How much is it?Its thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents.How much milk do you want?I want two bottles of milk.9、 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how manyHow many books are they on the desk?There are three books on the desk.10、 對(duì)年齡提問用how oldHow old are you? Im twelve.11、 對(duì)“某人的”提問用whoseWhose cap is this? Its Amys cap.Whose pen is that? Its his pen.12、 對(duì)顏色提問用what colourWhat colour is it? Its black.13、 對(duì)顏色提問用what dayWhat day is it today? Its Monday.14、 對(duì)長(zhǎng)度提問用how longHow long is it? Its about six thousand seven hundred kilometers.特殊疑問句語序：疑問詞+一般疑問句語序？ 例：How do you go to school？疑問詞【做主語】+謂詞動(dòng)詞+？ 例：We gave it to you？五、時(shí)態(tài) 1.一般過去時(shí) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生時(shí)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。如yesterday【昨天】，last week【上周】，last month【上個(gè)月】，last year【去年】，two moths ago【兩個(gè)月前】等。構(gòu)成：【1】肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+ He made a video. 否定句：主語+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+ He didnt make a video. 一般疑問句：Did +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+ Did he make a video? 【2】be動(dòng)詞用was,were.否定句在was,were后加not。 一般疑問句把was，were提前道句首。 She was born in America. She was not born in America. Was she born in America?2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成：主語+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞+ The birds are singing in the trees.否定句在am/is/are后加not.The birds are not singing in the trees.一般疑問句把a(bǔ)m/is/are提前到句首Are the birds singing in the trees?3 、一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞或存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用。如tomorrow（明天），next week（下周），next year（明年）等。構(gòu)成：（1）主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形+ He will pick up the apples. 否定句在will后加not。 He will not pick up the apples。 一般疑問句把will提前到句首。 Will he pick up the apples？ （2）主語+be going to+動(dòng)詞原形+ We are going to study French。 否定句在am,is,are后加not。 We are not going to study French。 一般疑問句把a(bǔ)m,is,are提前到句首。 Are you going to study French？4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成：【1】主語+am/is/are+ 否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑問句把a(bǔ)m/is/are提前道句首。Helen Keller is a model for blind people and for you and me.【2】肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形The ducks like it. 否定句：主語+dont+動(dòng)詞原形+The ducks dont like it.一般疑問句：Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+？Do the ducks like it?【3】肯定句：主語【三單】+動(dòng)詞第三人稱形式+He likes noodles.否定句：主語+doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形+He doesnt like noodles.一般疑問句：Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+Does he like noodles?六、動(dòng)詞過去式形式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成1、 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed如：work-worked play-played watch-watched2、 以e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞在詞尾加d如：live-lived 3、 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變i再加ed如:study-studies copy-copies cry-cries carry-carries4、 有些動(dòng)詞雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加ed如：stop-stopped drop-dropped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，需多加記憶。動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞過去式 動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞過去式 go went come camebecome became bring brought say said put put teach taught can couldread read give gave am/is was are weredo did fly flewhave had make maderun ran see sawride rode win won get got tell toldeat ate send sent take took buy boughtsit sat meet met write wrote draw drew swim swam fall fellrink drank ring rang7、 動(dòng)詞ing形式也是現(xiàn)在分詞形式現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1、 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加“ing”sleep-sleeping look-looking wear-wearing eat-eating send-sending sing-singing go-going jump-jumping 2、 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要去掉e再加上“ing”write-writing come-coming ride-riding use-usinghave-having make-making take-taking shine-shining3、 有些動(dòng)詞雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加“ing”get-getting put-putting sit-sitting run-runningSwim-swimming skip-skipping shop-shopping8、 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 1、 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“s”stop-stops make-makes read-reads play-plays2、 以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”加“es”fly-flies carry-carries study-studies worry-worries3、 以“s,x,ch,sh,o”結(jié)尾，在詞尾加es”teach-teaches watch-watches do-does go-goes9、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can過去式could后加動(dòng)詞原形I can write English. I can carry this bag. I can help you.We can always be friends. Later she could read and write. 否定句在can，could后加notcan not=cant could not=couldnt We cant go now.I cant write Chinese. She couldnt see and she couldnt hear.I cant carry everything. His friends cant hear him.一般疑問句把can，could提前到句首Can you swim? Yes,I can./No,I cant.Can you speak English? Can I write to your friends?Can you be my Chinese pen pal? Yes,of course.十、反義詞big-small long-short new-old tall-shortyoung-old heavy-light easy-hard/difficult up-down early-late fat-thin white-blackcry-laugh different-same inside-outside hot-coldhappy-sad good-bad clean-dirty bring-takethis-that these-those always-never woman-man十一、同音詞