not的多種用法.doc

一 . not 的位置1. not 可以置于 be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成否定句。除了 am 和 not ， may 和 not 不能合寫之外，其余的一般都可以和 not 合寫。例如：（ 1 ） He is not （ isnt ） a man to give things up easily.他不是一個(gè)隨便放棄的人。（ 2 ） He can not （ cannot, cant ） speak Chinese as well as Tom.他的漢語沒有湯姆講得那么好。（ 3 ） You did not （ didnt ） know how worried I was about you at that time.你不知道那時(shí)我是多么地?fù)?dān)心你！注： had better do sth, would rather do sth, would like to do sth. 和 be about to do sth. 的否定形式分別是 had better not do sth, would rather not do sth, would like not to do sth. 和 be about not to do sth ； used to 的否定形式是 usednt to 或 didnt use to 。例如：（ 4 ） Youd better not eat too much chocolate, or youll get too fat.你最好不要吃太多的巧克力，否則身體會(huì)發(fā)胖的。（ 5 ） I would rather not accept his present.我寧愿不要他的禮物。2. not 可以置于分詞、不定式和動(dòng)名詞之前，構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式。例如：（ 1 ） Not having received any reply from Tom, Mary decided to write to him again.由于沒收到湯姆的回音，瑪麗決定再給他寫封信。（ 2 ） He kept silent over the matter in order not to lose his job.他對(duì)這件事保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的這份工作。（ 3 ） She was very upset for not having been invited to the party.她因沒有被邀請(qǐng)去參加晚會(huì)而感到很傷心。3. not 的位置轉(zhuǎn)移：（ 1 ）主句的主語是第一人稱 we 和 I ，謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, imagine, suppose 等時(shí)，常將其后賓語從句中的否定詞 not 前移至這些動(dòng)詞之前。這種語法現(xiàn)象稱之為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如： I dont think the film is intended for children.我覺得這部電影不適合兒童看。 We dont believe he stole money from the stop.我們相信他不會(huì)偷那店鋪里的錢。（ 2 ）若用“ It is / was that ”去強(qiáng)調(diào) until 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，主句中又有否定詞 not ，則常將 not 和 until 放在一起加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如：It was not until he told me that I had an idea about it.直到他告訴我，我才明白這件事。（ 3 ）當(dāng) not until, not only （ but also ）， not for a moment, not a single 等位于句首時(shí)，有關(guān)分句的主語和謂語要倒裝。例如： Not only has he been to London but also he worked there for a time.他不僅去過倫敦，而且還在那里工作過一段時(shí)間。（ not only 后面的分句中的主語和謂語倒裝， but also 后面分句中的主語和謂語不倒裝。） Not for a moment did he doubt the truth of your story.他從來都沒懷疑過你的故事的真實(shí)性。（ 4 ）“ dont + 動(dòng)詞原形”可以構(gòu)成祈使句的否定形式。若強(qiáng)調(diào)這種祈使句中的主語，則需在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上主語（這時(shí)主語需要重讀），也就是用“ dont + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Dont make any noise.請(qǐng)不要吵鬧。 Dont you make any noise.請(qǐng)你不要吵鬧。（ 5 ）“ Why not + 動(dòng)詞原形”是“ Why dont you + 動(dòng)詞原形”的省略形式，表示建議或勸告。例如：If you still havent made any final decision, why not go to our teacher for some advice?要是你現(xiàn)在還沒有最后下定決心的話，那你為什么不去找老師征求意見呢？二 . not 的肯定意義及否定意義1. not 和某些詞搭配使用時(shí)，可以表示肯定意義。（ 1 ） not until / not until 意為“直到才”； not only but also 意為“不但而且”； not a few （ = many ）意為“很多”； not a little （ = very, much ）意為“很”或“非?！?。例如： Not until he failed did he realize what mistakes he had made.直到失敗了他才明白他所犯的錯(cuò)誤是什么性質(zhì)。 After a whole days work, I was not a little tired.過去一整天，我感到很累。（ 2 ） not 和某些詞語搭配，構(gòu)成雙重否定：not without 沒有哪次不； cannot too 怎么樣都不為過分； not but 沒有不； too not to do sth. 太 / 非常不會(huì)不做某事； not fail to do sth. 成功地做某事； not rather than 沒有不。例如： I cannot see the picture without thinking of my mother.我每次見到這張相片都想起我的媽媽。 You cannot be too careful while driving.開車時(shí)你怎么小心都不為過。 Now there isnt any dictionary but has one or two misprints.現(xiàn)在哪本字典都會(huì)有一兩處印刷錯(cuò)誤。 Xiao Ming is too clever not to avoid such mistakes.小明很聰明，會(huì)避免這種錯(cuò)誤的。 He doesnt fail to write to his parents every month.他每月都給他的父母寫信。 In that school not any lessons are held in languages rather than English.在那個(gè)學(xué)校每門課程都是用英語講授的。2. not 與一些代詞連用，表示部分否定：not both 或 both not 意為“并非兩者都”； not every 或 every not 意為“并非每個(gè)都”； not all 或 all not 意為“并非全部都”； not everything 或 everything not 意為“并非每一件事都”。例如： Not both of his parents are at home.他的父母并非都在家。 Not everyone in our class likes pop music.我們班的同學(xué)并非個(gè)個(gè)都喜歡流行音樂。 Not all the members of my family are TV lovers.我們家并非人人都愛看電視。3. “ not A or B ”表示“不是 A 也不是 B ”；“ not A and B ”表示“是 A 而不是 B ”；“ not A but B ”表示“不是 A 而是 B ”；“ more A than B ”表示“與其說 B 倒不如說 A ”。例如： He is not rich and kind. （意為： He is rich but not kind. ）他為富不仁。 He is not rich or kind. （意為： He is neither rich nor kind. ）他不富裕也不仁慈。 Not you but he is to blame for it.不是你而是他將為這件事受到責(zé)備。 He is more uneducated than stupid.與其說他腦子笨倒不如說他沒有受過教育。三 . not 代替代詞。一般說來，若是同意或認(rèn)可對(duì)方說的話用 so 來代替，若是不同意或不認(rèn)可對(duì)方的話則用 not 來代替，以避免重復(fù)。例如： Do you think it will be fine tomorrow?你認(rèn)為明天天氣好嗎？ I think so.我想是這樣。 I think not. （ = I dont think so. ）我想天氣不會(huì)好的。四 . not 與 no 的區(qū)別：1. 詞性上的區(qū)別： not 只用作副詞，而 no 可以用作形容詞。比較：Now I have no money on me.Now I have not any money on me.2. 語用上的區(qū)別： not 表示一般的否定描述，而 no 則表示強(qiáng)烈的否定意義。例如：（ 1 ） He is not a writer.他不是作家。（ 2 ） He is no writer.他決不是作家。NO.1 Good good study, day day up。好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上NO.2 How are you ? How old are you?怎么是你，怎么老是你？NO.3 You have seed. I will give you some color to see see. Brothers！Together up! 你有種，我要給你點(diǎn)顏色瞧瞧，兄弟們，一起上！NO.4 You ask me，me ask who？你問我，我問誰？NO.5 We two who and who?咱倆誰跟誰？NO.6 No three no four。不三不四NO.7 Horse horse tiger tiger馬馬虎虎NO.8 One car come, one car go, two car pengpeng, one car died!關(guān)于一場(chǎng)車禍的描述NO.9 people mountain people sea人山人海NO.10 If you want money, I have no; if you want life, I have one!要錢沒有，要命一條改變?nèi)松?0件小事1. Stay positive. You can listen to the cynics and doubters and believe that success is impossible or you can know that with faith and an optimistic attitude all things are possible.保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)。你可以選擇聽?wèi)嵡嗪蛻岩烧撜咴谀抢镞赌睢俺晒κ遣豢赡艿摹?，你也可以選擇堅(jiān)守信仰，保持樂觀的心態(tài)，相信“萬事皆有可能”。2. When you wake up in the morning complete the following statement: My purpose is_.每天早上起床的時(shí)候，就想想怎么填完整下面這句話：我的目標(biāo)是_。3. Take a morning walk of gratitude. It will create a fertile mind ready for success.每天早晨進(jìn)行一次“感恩散步”，這會(huì)滋養(yǎng)你的精神沃土，為成功做好準(zhǔn)備。4. Instead of being disappointed about where you are. Think optimistically about where you are going.與其對(duì)你現(xiàn)在所處的位置感到失望，不如樂觀地想想你前進(jìn)的方向。5. Eat. Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a college kid with a maxed out charge card.吃東西。早餐吃得像國(guó)王，午餐吃得像王子，晚餐吃得像用光了賒賬卡限額的學(xué)生。6. Remember that adversity is not a dead-end but a detour to a better outcome.記住，逆境并不是盡頭，而是更好的結(jié)果的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角而已。7. Focus on learning, loving, growing and serving.專注于學(xué)習(xí)、關(guān)愛、成長(zhǎng)和服務(wù)。8. Believe that everything happens for a reason. Expect good things to come out of challenging experiences.你要相信凡事皆有因果。面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)才能有好事降臨。9. Dont waste your precious energy on gossip, energy vampires, issues of the past, negative thoughts or things you cannot control. Instead invest your energy in the positive present moment.別在流言蜚語上、過去的事情上、消極的想法上和你不能控制的事情上浪費(fèi)你寶貴的精力。相反，積極的當(dāng)下時(shí)刻才是你需要花精力的地方。10. Mentor someone and be mentored by someone.指導(dǎo)別人，同時(shí)也接受別人的指導(dǎo)。11. Life isnt fair, but its still good.生活就是不公平的，但還過得下去。12. Remember theres no substitute for hard work.什么也代替不了努力工作。13. Each day when you wake up in the morning ask: “What are the three most important things I need to do today that will help me create the success I desire?” Then tune out all the distractions and focus on these actions.每天早晨起來問問自己：”今天我要做哪三件可以助我成功的事情？“然后拋開雜念，全神貫注完成這些事情。14. Complaining is like vomiting. Aft