九年級英語unit3-4上冊重要知識點(diǎn)和語法點(diǎn)歸納仁愛版.doc

Unit 3 Topic1 一.重點(diǎn)詞語1.be able to=can 能夠,會(huì)2.cant wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好)機(jī)會(huì)做某事4.practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事5.be made by被制做;be made of/from由制成;be made in在某地制造6.on business出差7.be similar to和相似8.translateinto把翻譯成9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事沒有/有些困難10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶爾,間或11.whenever=no matter when無論何時(shí)12.as well as以及13.mother tongue 母語14.take the leading position處于領(lǐng)先地位15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事16.call for號召二.重點(diǎn)句型1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上數(shù)以百萬的人們都喜歡迪斯尼樂園。2.I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那兒。3.English is widely spoken around the world.英語在世界上被廣泛使用。4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.在許多國家它也被用作第二語言。5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能會(huì)遇到一些麻煩。6.Its used as the first language by most people in America, Canada, Australia ,Great Britain and New Zealand.它被美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、英國和新西蘭的大多數(shù)人用作第一語言。7.And two thirds of the worlds scientists read English.并且世界上三分之二的科學(xué)家用英語閱讀。三.語法學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語語態(tài)有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)兩種。主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：We clean the classroom.我們打掃教室。主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，叫被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我們）打掃。1 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+（by+賓語）其中by意為“被；由”，表動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那個(gè)男孩打破的。be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其肯定式、否定式、疑問式的變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑問式） Yes, it is./No, it isnt.2 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：（1）在沒有指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情況下可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：This coat is made of cotton.這件大衣是棉制的。（2）要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行車被偷了。3 主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+及物動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語（+其它）被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+賓語（+其它）注意：（1）主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)互轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。（2）主動(dòng)句的主語是代詞的主格形式，變成被動(dòng)態(tài)by的賓語時(shí)，要用賓格形式。如：(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).四.交際用語：談?wù)撚⒄Z的廣泛使用1.-Youll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.-Youre right. 2.-But Im not good at English. Im a little afraid. -Dont worry.3.-Is Spanish similar to English? -Not really.Topic 2 一. 重點(diǎn)詞語1.by the way 順便說一下 2.depend on取決于；依靠3.be different from與不同 4.succeed in成功，達(dá)成5.make yourself understood表達(dá)你自己的意思6.on ones way to 在某人去的路上7.see sb. Off給送行8.leave for前往某地/leavefor離開去9.in twenty minutes二十分鐘之后10.written English筆頭英語/oral English英語口語11.generally speaking一般說來，大致上說12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物13.be close to靠近 14.in person身體上，外貌上；親自15.be found of愛好16.be forced to do sth.被迫做/force sb.to do強(qiáng)迫某人做某事17.even worse 更糟的是二.重點(diǎn)句型1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英語和英式英語一樣嗎?2.English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries.不同的國家使用不同的英語。3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English.例如，在英式英語和美式英語之間有些不同點(diǎn)。4 I cant believe that Im flying to Disneyland.我簡直不敢相信我就要飛往迪斯尼樂園了。5.I hope I wont have any difficulty.我希望不會(huì)遇到什么困難。6.Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.無論何時(shí)你需要幫忙，給我發(fā)電子郵件或打電話。7.Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜歡到迪斯尼樂園度假。三、 語法學(xué)習(xí)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)，常有“意圖”、“安排”（但不是固定不變的）或“打算”含義。它表示最近或較近的將來，所用的動(dòng)詞多是位移動(dòng)詞。如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die例：Im going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身？Dont worry. The train is arriving here soon.別著急，火車馬上就到了。表示將來的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除了用于位移動(dòng)詞外，亦可用于某些非位移動(dòng)詞。如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天會(huì)見我們。She is buying a new bike soon.她不久將買一輛新自行車。 四.交際用語：談?wù)摬煌瑖矣⒄Z的不同點(diǎn)并了解交際中的身體語言1.I cant follow you. Can you speak more slowly, please?2.Oh, it sounds interesting.3.If you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences4.-Whats up? -The foreigner is asking for a ride.5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.Topic 3 一、 重點(diǎn)詞語1.in public在公共場所 2.at times=sometimes有時(shí)3.feel like doing=would like to do想要做4.give up sth./doing sth.放棄 5.turn to sb. for help求助于某人6.give sb. some advice on/about給某人一些有關(guān)的建議7.be weak in在方面很差/be good at在方面很好8.be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 9.make mistakes犯錯(cuò)誤10.take a deep breath深呼吸 11.the best time to do做某事最好的時(shí)間12.do some listening practice做些聽力訓(xùn)練 13.reply to=answer回答14.advise sb. to do建議某人做某事（名詞advice）二、 重點(diǎn)句型1.Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A?在美國，別人能懂得你的話嗎？2.I dont know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦？3.At times I feel like giving up.有時(shí)我想要放棄。4.Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article.盡量猜測生詞的意思，理解文章的大意。5.I dare not answer questions in class, because Im afraid of making mistakes.我不敢在課堂上回答問題，困為我害怕犯錯(cuò)誤。6.Its an honor to talk with all of you.與在座的各位交談是我的榮幸。7.But remember to choose the ones that fit you best.但是記住要選擇最適合你的一種。8.I insist that you practice English every day.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你們每天都應(yīng)該練習(xí)英語。9.Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往成功的第一步。三、 語法學(xué)習(xí)wh- +to do wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等連接詞，它們和動(dòng)詞不定式連用，即為wh- +to do結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作主語、表語和賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句。(對于謂語動(dòng)詞來說，wh- +to do這個(gè)不定式動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是個(gè)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句時(shí)，通常須加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或用將來時(shí)表示未來。)如：I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do. She cant decide which to buy.=she cant decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主語與賓語從句中的主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句（由疑問詞引導(dǎo)）通?？梢耘c“疑問詞+不定式”互相轉(zhuǎn)換。如：I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.如果不一致就不能轉(zhuǎn)換。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能說:I want to know what to do.)四、交際用語：談?wù)撊绾螌W(xué)習(xí)英語1.-, but I hate to speak English in public. -Youd better not.2.-I know its very important to learn English well. But its difficult for me. -Me, too.3.Have you ever had any difficulties in studying English?4.-, could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?-Youd better follow the tape and do some listening practice.I think the best time to remember new words is in the morning. Unit 4 Topic 1 一、 重點(diǎn)詞匯：（一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換：1. successful（副詞） 2. proper（副詞）3. completely（動(dòng)詞） 4. leader（動(dòng)詞）5. succeed（名詞） 6. hero（復(fù)數(shù)）7. physics（形容詞） 8. fix（同義詞）9. introduce（名詞） 10. far（比較級）（二）重點(diǎn)詞組：1. go around 環(huán)繞2. sendinto =send upinto 把送入 3. congratulations on sth 祝賀某事4. be proud of 為而自豪5. be moved by 為而感動(dòng)6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感謝某人做的某事7. have physical examinations 做體檢 8. in good/bad health 處于好（不好）的身體狀態(tài)9. cant help doing 情不自禁做10. take turn to (do sth) 輪流（做某事）11. no doubt 無疑地12. as well as 除的之外，也13. for instance/example 例如14. work on 做（方面）的工作15. depend on/upon 依靠，依賴16. turn on 打開17. turn off 關(guān)掉18. turn up 開大19. turn down 關(guān)小20. click on 用鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 二、重點(diǎn)句型：1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.現(xiàn)在中國正在計(jì)劃發(fā)射更多的衛(wèi)星，甚至建造一個(gè)空間站。(1) 句子“are being made”是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)“be being+過去分詞”。(2) 主動(dòng)句中的賓補(bǔ)如果是不帶to的不定式時(shí)，變成被動(dòng)句后，成為主補(bǔ)的不定式必須帶to,常見跟不帶to的復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see、feel、hear、make等。2. Im moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被楊利偉所做的事感動(dòng)了。(1) What Yang Liwei did 是介詞by的賓語從句，意為“楊利偉所做的事”(2) be moved by 為而感動(dòng) 如：The students are moved by the old mans story.同學(xué)們?yōu)槟俏焕先说墓适露袆?dòng)。3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般來說，我們現(xiàn)在的健康狀況良好。(1) generally speaking “一般來說、大體上、大概”(2) in good/bad health 處于好（不好）的身體狀況。如:He has a cold, he is always in bad health. 他感冒了，他的身體狀況總是不好。4. We couldnt help looking at the earth again and again.我們?nèi)滩蛔≡偃乜粗厍颉?(1) cant/couldnt help doing sth. 忍不住做某事，不能停止做某事。如： I cant help crying. 我忍不住哭了。(2) again and again 一再，屢次，如： The teacher has told him again and again.老師已屢次和他講過了。5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest. 一進(jìn)入睡袋我就睡著了。我們輪流休息。take turns to (do sth.) 輪流（做某事）。The Browns take turns to look after the baby. 布朗一家輪流照看這個(gè)嬰兒。6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry. 這證明了中國航天業(yè)的發(fā)展已取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。It has proved that 這證明了7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫無疑問,電腦被商業(yè),科技工作者廣泛地應(yīng)用.There is no doubt that 譯為 “毫無疑問” 如:There is no doubt that we should protect the environment. 毫無疑問我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”. 電腦使得世界變小了，就像一個(gè)“村莊”。 make+賓語+形容詞 “使怎樣” 如：Well try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.我們將盡全力使我產(chǎn)的國家越來越美麗.三、日常交際用語：Congratulations!Thanks for your introduction.Pleased to meet you. =Nice to meet you.Its an honor to interview you now.What do you think of ShenZhou VI? =What are your thoughts about ShenZhou VI?四、重點(diǎn)語法：賓語補(bǔ)足語: 賓語補(bǔ)足語用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語?？勺髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞和動(dòng)詞不定式等。（一）、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：1.We call him Jim.（名詞） 我們叫他吉姆。2.We must keep our school clean every day.（形容詞） 我們必須每天保持校園清潔。3.Call him in, please.（副詞） 請叫他進(jìn)來。4.Leave it on the desk.（介詞短語） 把它留在課桌上。（二）、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語可分為三種情況：1.跟帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫簡給我們唱支歌。2.跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有“一感（feel）、二聽（listen to, hear）,三讓（make, let, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）如：Lets have a rest.讓我們休息一會(huì)兒。但這種結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to必須加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人見他手拿著一本書離開這個(gè)房間。3.跟帶to或不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 這類動(dòng)詞只有help。如：Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能幫我洗衣服嗎？（三）、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語可分為兩種情況。1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，經(jīng)常表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?？筛@類補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, hear等。如：I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我聽見有人在隔壁唱歌。2.過去介詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，經(jīng)常表示被動(dòng)。如：You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理發(fā)了。Topic2一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：1.beusedfor+ving被用做2.cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)3.Itssaidthat據(jù)說4.during/inoneslife某人一生5.beknownas以（身份）而著名6.know/sayforcertain確切知道/肯定地說7.allthetime一直、總是8.nolonger=notanylonger不再(nomore,notanymore)9.aslongas只要10.asfaras就，盡11.makeagreatcontribution對作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)12.therestofthetime在其余地時(shí)間里13.atanytime在任何時(shí)候二、重點(diǎn)句型：1.BecauseImnotallowedtoplaycomputergames. 因?yàn)槲也豢梢酝骐娔X游戲。allow“允許、準(zhǔn)許”的意思。常用于以下幾種形式：(1)allow+n./prep如：Wecantallowsuchathing. 我們不容許這種事情發(fā)生。(2)allowsb.todosth允許某人做某事如：Sheallowedmetogofishing.她允許我去釣魚。(3)allow+doingsth允許做某事如：Wedontallowsmokinginthereading-room.我們不允許在閱覽室吸煙。(4)beallowedtodosth如：被允許做某事Thestudentsareallowedtoplaygamesontheplaygroundafterschool.放學(xué)后學(xué)生們被準(zhǔn)許在操場上做游戲。2.HowdoyousaythisinEnglish? 這用英語怎么說？其意思與WhatsthisinEnglish相同。3.Itsmadefromwood. 它用木材做的。(1)bemadein在地方制造，后接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。(2)bemadeof用制造的，表示原材料未經(jīng)化學(xué)變化，仍可看得出原材料。(3)bemadefrom用制造的，表示原材料經(jīng)過化學(xué)變化，已看不出其原樣。(4)bemadeby由（被）（人）制作，后接表示人的名詞或代詞。(5)bemadeinto（某物）被制成(6)bemadeupof由組成如：TheTVsetismadeinJapan. 這臺電視機(jī)是日本生產(chǎn)的。Thesehousesaremadeofstones. 這些房子是由石頭建造的。Paperismadefromwood. 紙是木頭造的。Wasthiscakemadebyyourmother? 這蛋糕是你媽媽做的嗎？Metalcanbemadeintoallkindsofthings. 金屬可以制成各種各樣的物品。Themedicalteamismadeupoftendoctors. 這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由10位大夫組成。4.ItsusedforhelpingustoimproveourEnglish. 它用來幫助我們提高英語水平。(1)beusedfor+ving beusedtodo（被）用來做 強(qiáng)調(diào)用途或作用(2)beusedas（被）作為而用，強(qiáng)調(diào)被當(dāng)作工具或手段來用。(3)beusedby被使用，by后跟人/物，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。如:Pensareusedforwriting. 鋼筆被用來寫字。Woodisusedtomakepaper. 木材被用來造紙。EnglishisusedasaforeignlanguageinChina. 英語在中國被當(dāng)作外語使用。RecordersareoftenusedbyEnglishteachers. 英語老師經(jīng)常使用錄音機(jī)。5.Peoplearesurprisedattherapiddevelopmentofrobots.人們?yōu)闄C(jī)器人的飛速發(fā)展感到驚訝。句子中besurprisedat是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“對感到驚訝”。而besurprisedby是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，表示“被所驚訝”。如：Iamsurprisedatyou. 我對你的舉動(dòng)感到詫異。Themanagerwassurprisedbywhathesawonthecomputer.那位經(jīng)理被眼前出現(xiàn)在電腦屏幕上的東西所驚訝。6.Theywillnolongerwanttobeourservants,butourmasters.它們將不再愿意做我們的人，而要做我們的主人。nolonger（通常在動(dòng)詞前），notanylonger;notanymore（用于非正式文體中）都可表示“（過去曾）現(xiàn)在不再”如：Shenolongerliveshere.Shedoesntlivehereanylonger(或anymore).她不在這兒住了。（過去她曾住這兒）7.Thismethodworkedwellatnightaslongastheweatherwasgoodandthestarscouldbeseen.在夜間只要天氣晴朗，能看見星星，這種方法就能很好地發(fā)揮作用。workwell有效aslongas只要三、日常交際用語：Whatsitmadeoffrom? When/wherewasitmade?Itwasinventedin1879. Whatwillourfuturebelike?Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.四、重點(diǎn)語法：1、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語部分的基本形式是be的過去式was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。如：Whenwasitmade?它是什么時(shí)候制造的？Itwasmadein1980.它是1980年制造的。Whenwasthedigitalcamerainvented? 數(shù)碼像機(jī)是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的？Itwasinventedin1975. 它是1975年發(fā)明的。2、時(shí)間前所用介詞的速記歌年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。 午夜黃昏須用at，黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。at也用在時(shí)分前，說“差”可要用上to。說“過”只可使用past，多說多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月成蹉跎。Topic3一、重點(diǎn)詞匯：1.travelbyspaceship乘宇宙飛船旅行2.inthefuture將來 3.inorderto為了4.ontheradio通過收音機(jī)5.takepartin參加6.growup成長、長大7.preferto喜歡勝過8.Whatsworse更為糟糕的是9.beworthit有好處，值得一干10.atadistanceof相隔11.sendsbamessage給某人發(fā)送信息二、重點(diǎn)句型：1.Idontthinkalienscanbefoundinspace. 我認(rèn)為外星人不可能出現(xiàn)在太空里。(1)當(dāng)think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句含有not的否定詞時(shí)，該否定應(yīng)移至主句，即否定主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：Idontthinkitwillraintomorrow. 我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。如果主句的主語是第二、三人稱，否定式一般不轉(zhuǎn)移。如：Hesupposestheywontwinthegame. 他猜想他們贏不了比賽。(2)can+be+過去分詞，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Thiscantbedoneinashorttime. 這不是短期內(nèi)能完成的。2.IthasbeentwodayssincewelandedonMars.自從我們登上火星以來已經(jīng)兩天了。it用作主語談?wù)摃r(shí)間，常與since連用。如：Itis(或hasbeen)threeyearssinceweleftschool.自從我們離開學(xué)校以來已經(jīng)三年了。3.Whatsworse,ourwatersupplieswereverylow.更糟糕的是，我們的水供給是非常有限的。Whatsworse更糟糕的是。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：Whatsmore更有甚者；更為重要的是。4.Itsaquarterasbigastheearth. 它是地球的四分之一大。倍數(shù)表示法：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as如：Thisboxisthreetimesasheavyasthatone. 這只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重。5.Marsgoesa