（人教大綱版高三全冊Unit10 American literature）.doc

本資料來源于大家網高考英語論壇/forum-136-1.html2010屆高三一輪復習教案Unit10 American literature考綱要求： 考綱規(guī)定的考試范圍:重點單詞與短語outcome; weep; furnish; bell; rag; rare; carpet; fee; booklet; mutton; baggage; stove; pale; approval; shave; comb; tortoise; simplify ;attend to; make ends meet; be devoted to; do up; let down; at length; take pride in; search for句型Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 介詞which+動詞不定式There was an electric bell that did not work, with a card next to it bearing the name “Mr James Dillingham Young”. with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/介詞短語/形容詞/副詞Why is this activity successful, while the English in a way that makes it fun? while作并列連詞的用法語法：復習動詞時態(tài) 復習本章要達到的目標1. 掌握 furnish; rag; rare; approval simplify ;attend to; make ends meet; be devoted to; do up; let down; at length; take pride in; search for等重點單詞及短語的用法。2. 掌握 介詞which+動詞不定式 及 動詞時態(tài) 的用法；教材知識歸納知識歸納1. What other clubs or activities could you think of to practice English in a way that makes it fun?(1) 句中think of的賓語是what other clubs or activities，而to practise是目的狀語。平時學習中必須注意把握句子的整體結構。例如：Which do you enjoy to spend your spare time, playing football or watching TV?業(yè)余時間你喜歡做什么，踢足球還是看電視？（enjoy 的賓語為which）Every minute should be made use of to practice speaking English.應該充分利用每分鐘的時間來練習講英語。（該句為被動語態(tài)，make use of的賓語為every minute）(2) 短語in a way在句中表示“以某種方法”；還可表示“在某種程度上”，此時相當于in some way/ in one way。例如：He explained the theory in a way that we all liked.他以一種我們都比較喜歡的方法解釋了這個理論。In a way, it was one of our biggest mistakes.從某種意義上來說，這是我們所犯的最大的錯誤之一。相關歸納：與way相關的常用短語all the way 一直；從頭至尾I know the secret all the way.我從頭至尾知道這個秘密。lose ones way 迷路Because of the darkness they lost their way in the forest.由于天黑他們在森林中迷路了。on ones way to 在的途中；即將He is on the way to becoming a doctor.他即將成為一名醫(yī)生。(theres) no way 不可能；沒門兒in the/ sbs way 妨礙；擋著的路The desk is in our way; can you move it away?這張桌子擋住了我們的路，你能把他搬走嗎？the other way about/ (a) round 相反地He said it would be sunny, but it is the other way around.他說天會放晴，但是情況恰恰相反。by the way 順便說（問）一下By the way, do you have any idea where the post office is?順便問一下,你知道郵局在哪兒嗎?in ones own way 以自己的方式make ones way 前進We made our way to the dining room against the storm.頂著暴風雪我們走向餐廳。under way （計劃）進行中Formal negotiations are under way.正式談判正在進行。2. Why is this activity successful, while the English in a way that makes it fun?句中while 是并列連詞，意為“而；然而”，表兩者之間的對比。例如：Mother is doing some cooking in the kitchen while Father is reading a newspaper.母親在廚房做飯，而父親在看報紙。相關歸納：While的其他常見用法：(1) 表示“當時候；與同時”，從句謂語必須為持續(xù)性或狀態(tài)性動詞。例如：-Im going to the post office.我準備去郵局。-While youre there, can you buy me some stamps?當你在那兒的時候，能不能給我買一些郵票？(2) 表示“雖然；盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句，與although相同。例如：While I understand what youve done, I cant agree with you.雖然我理解你的做法，但我仍然不同意你的意見。相關歸納：after a while 過了一會兒After a while he came to himself.過了一會兒之后他醒了過來。once in a while 有時；偶爾He went to see them once in a while.他有時去探望他們。in a while 一會兒；不久He will be back in a while.不久他就會回來。3. Pennies saved one or two at a time by bargaining at the grocery, at the bakery and the butchers until ones cheeks burnt.短語中at a time表示“一次；每次”。而at one time表示“過去曾經；以前一度”，用在句中做狀語時，句中動詞用一般過去時。例如：He had something important to do, so he ran up the steps three at a time.由于有重要的事情要做，所以他一步三個臺階向上跑著。I seldom found there were so many cars on the road at one time.以前在馬路上我很少發(fā)現(xiàn)這么多車輛。相關歸納：與time有關的常用短語：ahead of time 提前；提早They finished the work ahead of time.他們提前完成了工作。at any time 隨時Drop in to see us any time.隨便什么時候順便來看看我們。for the time being 暫時；暫且Lets share the room for the time being.我們暫時合住一個房間吧!Lets do it just for the time being.我們暫時這么做吧。in time 來得及；不久They were just in time for the bus.他們及時趕上了公共汽車。on time 準時Will the train arrive on time?火車會準時到達嗎?all the time 一直；總是at times 有時；偶爾Everyone may make mistakes at times.每個人不時都會犯錯誤。kill time 消磨時間She often kills time by watching TV.她常常以看電視來消磨時間。in no time 立刻；馬上Shell be all right in no time.她很快就會好的。4. They lived in a furnished flat at $8 per week.furnish vt.furnish做動詞，意為“為提供家具”，經常用furnishwith結構，表示“用來布置”。The guide showed us into a room which was well furnished.導游把我們領進了一間家具齊全的房間。The Greens furnished their new house with the simplest essentials: a bed, a chair, and a table.格林夫婦給新房間布置了最簡單的必需品：一張床、一把椅子和一張桌子。相關歸納:同根詞：furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“家具”，如果表示“（家具的）件數(shù)”，可以在前面加piese(s) of furniture。The small room used to be crowded with much furniture.以前那個小房間里擺滿了家具。5. There was an electric bell that did not work, with a card next to it bearing the name “Mr James Dillingham Young”.(1) 句中work做不及物動詞，表示“工作；（機器）正常運轉”，還可表示“有效；適合”。 Can I help you, sir? 先生，您需要什么幫助？Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it doesnt work.哦，我昨天在這里買了臺收音機，可現(xiàn)在它出了故障。She told her son not to ride on the street but it didnt work.她叫兒子不要在街上騎車，可這（她的話）不起作用。注意work偶爾做及物動詞，表示“產生；使成形”等。Do you know how to work a lathe?你知道怎么開機床嗎？(2) 短語with a card bearing the name是with的復合結構，其中bearing是分詞短語做賓語補足語?！皐ith+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/介詞短語/形容詞/副詞”結構在句中常做狀語（表伴隨、方式、原因等），也可做后置定語。例如：With such a good guide leading the way, we found the village easily.有這么好的向導引路，我們很容易就找到了那個村莊。The math teacher went out of the office, with a book in his hand.數(shù)學老師走出了辦公室，手里拿著一本書。The boy likes sleeping with the window open.那個男孩喜歡開著窗子睡覺。With the problem settled, we all felt very happy.難題解決了，我們都很高興。With nothing to do this afternoon, I went shopping with my mother.由于今天下午無事可做，我和母親去購物。6. Della finished crying and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.attend to (1) attend做不及物動詞，常與介詞to連用，表示“照顧；關照”。Is there anyone to attend to the customer here?有人招呼一下這里的顧客嗎？(2) attend做及物動詞，表示“參加”，多指參加會議、演講、典禮等。The number of the people who attended the lecture was more than 1000.出席演講的人數(shù)超過了1000人。rag n,(1) rag做可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，意為“碎布；破布”。例如：The maid was going to wash the table with a rag when the bell rang.女仆正打算用抹布擦桌子的時候門鈴響了。Dressed in rags, John was afraid of meeting his neighbours.穿著破舊的衣服，約翰害怕遇見鄰居。相關歸納：from rags to riches 從窮人變富翁in rags 衣衫襤褸feel like a wet rag 非常疲勞rag doll 布制的洋娃娃7. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.句中with which to buy Jim a present相當于介詞with + which引導定語從句的用法。原句可改為with which she could buy Jim a present，例如：I need a pen with which to write a letter.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.我需要一支鋼筆用來寫信。I have a dictionary in which to look up a new word.我有一本可以查生詞的字典。8. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. Expense既可做可數(shù)名詞，又可做不可數(shù)名詞，意為“花費；費用”，常見的搭配有l(wèi)egal/ medical/ living/ travel，etc，expenses等表示專門用途的費用。例如：He borrowed 150000 and used the money for legal expenses.他借了15萬英鎊，用于打官司。相關歸納：與expense有關的常用短語：at great/ considerable/ vast expense 花費很大；代價很高They succeeded at great expense.他們花費了很大的代價最后取得了成功。at the expense of sb/ sth 以某人/某物為代價He saved the drowning boy at the expense of his life.他以自己的生命為代價救了那個溺水的男孩的生命at sbs expense讓某人花費They bought a house for their parents at their expense.他們出錢為父母買了一套房子。9. There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took great pride. take pride in n.take pride in短語表示“以驕傲（自豪），in后常接名詞或動名詞形式，相當于be proud of。We all take pride in being a member of the class.我們都以是這個班的一員而感到自豪。相關歸納：pride comes/ goes before a fall 驕傲使人落后pride oneself on 以而自豪（pride做動詞）she prided herself on her cooking.她為自己善于烹飪而感到得意。be proud of 對某事感到自豪She is proud of her accomplishments.她為自己的成就而自豪。with pride得意地He looked at his painting with pride.他得意地看著他的畫。10. And then she quickly did it up again.do up (1) do up短語中up為副詞，表示“打扮；梳妝”，常與反身代詞oneself連用：Mary did herself up and left in a hurry for an evening party.瑪麗打扮自己后，勿忙離開去參加一個晚會。(2) do up還可以表示“系；扣；整理；收拾；包起來”，后面常接something。Youd better do up all your buttons in case the officer scolds you.你最好將所有的扣子扣好，防止被警官責罵。11. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read.fix sth on/ upon sb (1) fix sth on/ upon sb短語表示“全神貫注于；凝視”，fix的賓語往往是ones attention，ones mind或者ones eyes。例如：The teacher told a few boys to fix their attention upon her class.老師要求幾個男生把注意力集中在她的課上。All the students sat in the classroom silently, with eyes fixed upon Mr chen.所有的學生都安靜地坐在教室里，全神貫注地注視著陳老師。(2) 短語fix sth on/upon還可表示“把固定在上”，這時相當于fix sth to sth。例如：The picture is fixed on the wall with nails, so it wont come off.用圖釘把畫固定在墻上，這樣它就不會掉下來。相關歸納：fix on 決定；選定Have you fixed on the date?日期選定了嗎?She fixed her eyes on the picture.她凝視著那幅畫。fix up 安排；提供fix sth up 修理；裝飾；準備好fix sb up (with) 向某人提供；安頓His parents fixed him up with a job.他父母給他安排了一個工作。be fixing to do sth準備做某事聯(lián)想短語pay (much) attention to （多）注意draw/ call sbs attention to 引起/喚起某人的關注attract sbs attention 吸引某人的注意力12. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor a look showing that he did not approve, nor horrorapprove(1) approve做及物動詞，意為“批準；通過”。The congress approved the reports raised by some representatives.大會批準了一些代表提出的報告。(2) approve做不及物動詞，意為“贊成；認可；滿意”，常與介詞of連用。I dont approve of our wasting time talking with him about that.我不同意咱們浪費時間和他談論這件事情。(3) 它的名詞形式是approval，表示“批準；贊成；認可”。They had to nod in approval because the plan met with the publics approval.他只得點頭同意，因為公從贊成這個計劃。(4) 同義詞：accept v. 認可；接受disapprove/ disagree v. 不贊成/不同意13. However, she hugged them to her breast, and at length she was able to look up and smile and say: “My hair grows so fast, Jim!”at length (1) at length短語表示“終于；最后；詳細地”，length前可加great，some等修飾詞。例如：They solved the maths problem at length.他們終于解出了那道數(shù)學難題。The teacher explained it to us at length until we all understood.老師詳細地給我們解釋了那件事，直到我們都明白了。相關歸納：at arms length 伸手可及處Hold your hand out at arms length.伸直手臂。at full length 伸展全身；說盡地He went on at tedious length about his favorite hobby.他仍不厭其煩地講他的業(yè)余愛好。go to any/ great/ some ect. lengths (to do) 竭盡全力（做某事）He would go to any lengths to keep his government in power.他決心竭盡全力使他的政府繼續(xù)執(zhí)政。keep sb. at arms length與某人保持距離；不使自己太親近某人I now keep my neighbor at arms length because he has been rude to me many times in the past.我與我的鄰居保持距離，因為他曾多次對我無禮。同義短語：at last/ in the end最后；終于14. She let down her hair.let down let down短語表示“不支持；使失望；使失信；放下來”，其中down是副詞，可以將賓語放在兩詞之間。The manager let us down, which made us disappointed.經理不支持我們，我們很失望。Believe what I have done and I wont let you down.相信我所做的，我不會讓你失望的。相關歸納：let alone 更不用說The baby cant even walk, let alone run.這個嬰兒連走路都不會，更不用說跑了。letbe 不干涉Let me be. I want a rest.別打擾我，我要休息。let out 放出；泄露（秘密等）把某物租給某人Dont let it out about me losing my job, will you?別把我丟了工作一事泄露出去，行嗎？let sb. through 評定某人及格Im a hopeless driver but the examiner let me through.我開車的技術糟透了，但考官讓我及格了。let go 放開Let go of the rope.松開繩子。Will they let the hostages go?他們會釋放人質嗎？let in 允許進入There is someone at the door. Let them in, will you?有人敲門，讓他們進來好嗎？概念提示重點/熱點1：介詞+which+動詞不定式”作定語and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.With which to buy Jim a present是動詞不定式短語作定語，該短語中只能使用代詞which，要使用其他代詞。She had no time left in which to pack her things.她沒有時間來收拾她的物品了。She has a little money in bank, with which to help her mother.她只有很少的錢存在銀行里，用這筆錢可以幫助她的母親。重點/熱點2：否定轉移：英語中有些動詞如think, believe, suppose等后面若跟否定意義的賓語從句，否定詞要移到主句謂語動詞的前面，這一現(xiàn)象被稱為否定轉移。I dont think it is going to snow.我認為天不會下雪。I dont suppose the news is true.我認為這個消息是假的。相關歸納：當賓語從句中出現(xiàn)下列結構時，否定詞不可移到主句中：（1）當從句中用cant help doing sth.時 I suppose everyone cant help laughing at your idea.我不認為每一個人都會嘲笑你的注意的。（2）當從句中用notuntil時 I believe he wont come until late in the evening.（3）當從句中有neednt do sth.時 I think you neednt do it again.（4）當從句中有not do sth. yet時I suppose they havent come back yet.易混易錯點1： 一般過去時和過去進行時的用法比較一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生了的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，強調動作已完成，側重說明過去發(fā)生某事的事實；過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某段時間內正進行的動作，說明動作未完成。例如：I read an essay last night. 昨夜我讀了一篇論文。（讀完了）Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. 雪莉去年在寫一本書，但我不知道她是否寫完了。（當時未寫完）易混易錯點2：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較1、一般過去時所強調的側重點是“過去”，表明“過去”所發(fā)生的事情或存在的某種狀態(tài)，與“現(xiàn)在”沒有任何關系?，F(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作雖然也發(fā)生在過去，但強調對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產生了結果，與“現(xiàn)在”有關，不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。My elder brother arrived at the station a moment ago.我哥哥剛才到了車站。（現(xiàn)在是否還在車站不確定）My elder brother has arrived at the station.我哥已經到車站了。（現(xiàn)在人依然在車站）2、一般過去時通常與具體的時間狀語，如yesterday，last，night，in 1978等連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時經常與不具體的、模糊的時間狀語連用，如recently，till now，in the past few years，so far等，有時也不用時間狀語。例如：-Have you ever been to Canada? 你去過加拿大嗎？-Yes, I went there last year. 是的，我去年去過。We have planted nearly 5000 trees in the past few years.近幾年中，我們已經植了近5000棵樹。講題組課內題例與課后題：課內題例1. He is seriously ill and _ in hospital now by doctors.A. has been attended to B. is being attended to C. has attended to D. is been attended to 變式：Since she is a doctor, she must _ the patients.A. attend B. attend to C. attend with D. attend for解析：B 根據(jù)題意，此處應使用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。變式：B 這句話的意思是：因為她是醫(yī)生，她必須照顧病人。Attend作“照顧”講時，必須有介詞to搭配，才能接賓語。2. What made little Tony so unhappy and cry in his room?-_ to go hiking with his brother.A. Having not been allowed B. Not having allowed C. Having not allowed D. Not having been allowed變式：What caused the party to be put off?-_ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send解析：D 否定非謂語動詞將not放在其前allow和little Tonys句為被動關系。變式：B Toms delaying sending是-ing形式的復合結構可代替what在句中作主語。3. No one helped me. I did it all _ myself.A. for B. by C. from D. to變式1：Its _ me why Alice, aged 28, gave up her job and got married to a man of 52.A. under B. above C. beyond D. over變式2：When we get past middle age we feel that the best of our years are _ us.A. after B. before C. behind D. beyond解析：B (all) by oneself“單獨的，獨自的”；for oneself“為自己”；to oneself“獨自享用，不與他人共享”。此題根據(jù)“no one helped me”這個關鍵信息可知選B。 變式1：C beyond“（指程度）深于；（指范圍）越出；句意：我不理解為什么二十八歲的愛麗絲放棄工作嫁給一個五十二歲的人。變式2：C behind“在后面”。4. The research work took the students four years, _ the time for rest was only two months.A. for which B. by which C. from which D. of which變式：His glasses _ he could see nothing, were broken by a naughty boy.A. by which B. without which C. with which D. in which解析：D 先行詞four years代入從句中構成the time for rest of the four rears，這四年中的休息時間。變式：B 先行詞代入定語從句中構成：He could see nothing without his glasses.。5. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell變式：train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to解析：C 本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。主句和從句的動作無先后之分，所以要用一般過去時，“花”做主語，應是“被賣掉”，要用被動語態(tài)故選C項。變式：C as/ were supposed to do sth.“本來應該做某事”。6. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound變式：_ it is holiday today, the children need not go to school.A. As B. When C. For D. As long as解析：D 本題考查讓步狀語從句。as引導的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝，所以選D。 變式：A 此句中as引導原因狀語從句。課后題：1. In the war, the army _supplies for several months.A. furnish with B. is furnished C. is furnished with D. are furnished at2. Since she is a doctor, she must _ the patients.A. attend B. attend to C. attend with D. attend for3. Their objections, based on religious grounds, are discussed _ at the meeting.A. at times B. at length C. at intervals D. at least4.- Where can I get your new novel?-Im sorry, but it _ and will soon come out.A. has printed B. had been printing C. is printed D. is being printed5. The little boy just begins to speak English. He goes to great _ to say the sentence _ full length.A. lengths; at B. length; at C. lengths; in D. lengths; with答案：1. C 本題考查動詞furnish的用法與時態(tài)的結合及主謂一致，the army作為整體，謂語用單數(shù)，furnish應與with搭配，意為“在戰(zhàn)爭中，軍隊配備數(shù)月用的補給品”。2. B 這句話的意思是：因為她是醫(yī)生，她必須照顧病人。Attend作“照顧”講時，必須有介詞to搭配，才能接賓語。3. B 句意是：他們的反對意見以宗教為背景，大家在會上進行詳細的討論。at length在句中是“詳細地”之意，還有“最終，終于”的意思；at intervals不時，相隔一定的距離；at times有時，間或；at least至少。4. D 考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意是：對不起，這部小說正在印刷中，很快就出版。根據(jù)will soon out，空白處用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。5. A 結合題干語境，這句話的意思是“小男孩剛開始學講英語，他竭盡全力來極為詳細的說這個句子”。go to treat lengths竭盡全力；at full length極為詳細地。課后練習題A組：1. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3000 more than he _ for the wedding.A. will plan B. keep C. would plan D. had planned2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether3. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing4. Oh, boy, why are you killing your time this way? Can you find something else _ doing at all?A. cost B. bargain C. worth D. value5. -Oh, its you? I didnt recognize