初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié).doc

初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài).1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every, sometimes,at, on Sundays I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.Columbus proved that the earth is round.二. 構(gòu)成及變化1、be動(dòng)詞的變化肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句2、行為動(dòng)詞的變化當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。一般疑問(wèn)句：Do +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動(dòng)詞為does2 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1984yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在無(wú)影響。I was there that time. （現(xiàn)在不在那里了）4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?二、構(gòu)成及變化1. Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasnt)are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=werent)2.行為動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 .否定句 ： 主語(yǔ)+ didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形.一般疑問(wèn)句：Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+ 以did 開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句 ?3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。時(shí)間標(biāo)志now，句前的look ,listen構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式肯定句： 主語(yǔ) + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫(xiě)，只處于寫(xiě)作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.*不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 屬性的動(dòng)詞have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateHe loves her very much.3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little disoppointed.4 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1）概念：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例： It was raining when they left the station. 典型例題一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個(gè)not,疑問(wèn)句將was/were提前則可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. 否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_劃線部分提問(wèn)：_二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過(guò)去的狀語(yǔ)連用。如： （just）then 那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí) at this/that time 在這/那時(shí) yesterday afternoon昨天下午 at nine 在九點(diǎn) last night 昨晚 （at）this time yesterday在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。（1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書(shū)。（2）They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那幾天他正在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)3.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞always forever， continually， constantly等連用時(shí)表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜愛(ài)等情緒。 My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others. (表示贊揚(yáng))4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，同樣，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用在間接引語(yǔ)中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要?jiǎng)由砣ハ愀哿恕?、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。也就是說(shuō)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)作是瞬間完成的（瞬間動(dòng)詞）；用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）。 (2) 表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice)可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說(shuō)話時(shí)口里含著食物。 (3 有時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)替換一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的行為是經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真考慮的;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種較隨便或沒(méi)有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。如：I was thinking of having a new lesson next year. (4) 用來(lái)描寫(xiě)故事發(fā)生的情景時(shí)。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一個(gè)漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)刮得 (5) when作并列連詞，表示“(這時(shí))突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)并列分句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見(jiàn)了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我們正在外邊玩，這時(shí)下起雨來(lái)了。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。5一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一、 意義：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 構(gòu)成及變化：一般將來(lái)時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu) be going to +動(dòng)詞原形：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事1 定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份否定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am / is / are)not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份一般疑問(wèn)句 Be (am / is / are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份?.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-)+一般疑問(wèn)句 ?我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語(yǔ)：_否定句_一般疑問(wèn)句_特殊疑問(wèn)句_.will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,表示意愿三、附 :Shall I /we 常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，而問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，常用Will you?他們的回答比較靈活。四、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 1)be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。2) be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。3)be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。6.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1.概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the(1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。would?？s略為d。(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：I didnt know if she would come。 I wasnt sure whether he would do it。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)也可以用“was(were) going to +動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示。如：I didnt know if she was going to come。 Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 用法1：表示：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, sinceago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1)肯定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞2)否定式：主語(yǔ) + have / has + not + 過(guò)去分詞3)一般疑問(wèn)句： Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞4)特殊疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞例句1. 過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如：我做完家庭作業(yè)了。_2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在. For/since+一段時(shí)間如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語(yǔ)了。當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來(lái)have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)，人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過(guò)沈陽(yáng)。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽(yáng)10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽(yáng)了嗎?4.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等瞬間動(dòng)詞不能用于完成時(shí)。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。arrive, come be here, be in buy have begin, start be on ;die be dead finish, end be over go out be outjoin be in borrowkeep finish/end be overclose be closed leave, move be away; fall asleep be asleep8 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。 例：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語(yǔ)從句在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。注意：had no/hardly when還沒(méi)等 就had no sooner than剛 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)鞏固練習(xí)( )1. There _ no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were( )2. - Who sings best in your class? - Jenny _.A. do B. did C. does D. has done( )3. - _ the young girl _ the old man clean his room every day? - Yes, she does. A. Does; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helps( )4. - Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got( )5. - What does Linda often do in the evening?- She often _ her homework, but on the evening of March 12 she _ TV.A. does; watches B. is doing; watched C. does; watched D. is doing; was watching( )6. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _ around the sun.A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves( )7. If he _harder, he will catch up with us soon. A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied( )8. - Dont forget to ask him to write to me. - I wont. As soon as he _, Ill ask him to write to you.A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming( )9. - Do you like this silk dress?- Yes, I do. It _ so soft and comfortable.A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt ( )10. Oh, its you. Im sorry I _ know you _ here. A. dont; are B. didnt; are C. didnt; were D. dont; were( )11. Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He _ a lot of famous novels.A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write( )12. - Your telephone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 2567321. A. cant B. couldnt C. dont D. didnt( )13. - How was your weekend on the farm? - Great! We _ with the farmers.A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends( )14. - What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?- He _ a city bus for over twenty-five years.A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives( )15. Jane _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy( )16. - Liu Mei cant come tonight.- Why? But she _ me she would come. A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told( )17. He turned off the light and then _. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left( )18. - Keep quiet, please. They _ a meeting.- Sorry. A. have B. had C. are having D. have had( )19. - Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.- Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go( )20. Frank _ to see his grandma if he _ free tomorrow. A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be( )21. There _ a talk on science in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is ( )22. - Shall we go shopping now? - Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing( )23. Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. I _ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited( )24. - Did you see Tom at the party?- No, he _ by the time I got there. A. had left B. was leaving C. left D. has left( )25. - Is this raincoat yours?- No, mine _ there behind the door. A. has hung B. is hanging C. hung D. will hang( )26. - _ you _ TV at the moment?- No, you can turn it off. A. Did; watch B. Are; watching C. Do; watch D. Have; watched( )27. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read( )28. Mr Smith _a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing( )29. - I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. am having B. had C. was having D. have had ( )30. - Do you know Miss Wang? - Yes. I first met her two years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. was working B. has worked C. is working D. had worked( )31. Mr White _ the newspaper, while his daughter _TV. A. read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. read; watched( )32. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? - I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt see ( )33. When the teacher came in, the students _ about the new film. A. are talking B. were talkingC. talked D. talks ( )34. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games _ on August 13. A. has begun B. lastedC. began D. has lasted ( )35. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begunC. had begun D. began( )36. - May I speak to Mr Smith?- Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come backD. is leaving for; doesnt come back( )37. I cant go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. lostC. will lose D. was losing( )38. - What do you think of the film Harry Potter?- It is very nice. I _ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see( )39. We _to learn English five years ago. We _ it for five years up to now. A. began; learned B. begin; have learned C. have begun; had learned D. began; have learned( )40. - What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it？ - Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; hav