八年級英語上冊_1-6知識點總結(jié)__外研版.doc

Module 1 How to learn English1. write down 寫下2. each other 彼此3. help sb with 幫助某人做某事4. a great way to do sth 做某事的好方法5. the meaning of . .的意思6. enjoy oneself 玩的開心/過的愉快7. take a deep breath 做深呼吸8. be good for. 對.有益9. make friends with sb 與某人交朋友 10. show sb around some place 令某人參觀某物11. all the time 一直，總是12. How about. ？ 怎么樣？13. Its a good idea to do sth 做某事是個好主意14. You should . 你應(yīng)該15. translate .into. 把.譯成.16. match sb againstwith sb 使某人和某人交手比賽17. a box of matches 一盒火柴18. a number of 許多，修飾可數(shù)名詞19. repeat after sb 跟某人朗讀20. a piece of advice 一條建議ask for advice 尋求建議21. make a mistake 犯錯誤22. each other 相互，彼此the other daymorning 那天那天早上the other 另外的一個another 另外的一個23. welcome to +地點名詞 歡迎到某地方來welcome back 歡迎回來24. be ready for 為.做好準(zhǔn)備beget ready to do sth 準(zhǔn)備好做某事25. try to do sth 努力做某事try doing sth 嘗試做某事have a try 試一試try ones best to do sth 竭盡全力做某事26. help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事，介詞with后面常接名詞help sb do sth 幫助某人做某事27. send sb to do sth 派遣某人做某事 send back 送回，發(fā)回，退回send for 派人去請，派人去取send out 送出,發(fā)出，排出28. improve onupon 比.有提高，超過29. watch sb doing sth 看見某人正在做某事30. take a deep breath 深深吸一口氣hold your breath 閉氣，屏氣out of breath 喘不上氣31. remember sb to sb 代某人向某人問好remember to do sth 記住去做某事(事情還未做過)remember doing sh 記住已經(jīng)做過 某事（事情已經(jīng)做過）40. forget sbsth 忘記某人，某物forget to do sth 忘記要做某事forget doing sth 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事41. wish sb sth 祝福祝愿某人某事wish to do sth 表示在主觀上強烈希望做某事42. It takes a long time to do sth 花費了很長時間去做某事43. How long doesdid it take.? 詢問做某事需要花費多長時間44. find it +形容詞+to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事.45. hear sb doing sth 聽見某人正在做某事hear sb do sth 聽見某人做某事46. Why dont you do .=Why not you do. 為什么不呢47. It is +形容詞+(for sb )to do sth (對某人來說)做某事是.48Why dont you write it down? 你們?yōu)槭裁床话阉浵聛砟?49. Its a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day. 每天都檢查你的詞匯筆記本是一個好主意。50. Try not to translate every word. 盡量不要逐字翻譯。51. She can help me with my homework. 她可以幫我做家庭作業(yè) 語法總結(jié) 時態(tài)(一） 一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，特征或客觀真理。常用的時間狀語有often, usually, always, every dayweek 等.2. 在條件狀語和時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，例如：if you dont go soon, you will be late. 如果你不快點去，你就會遲到的.3. begin, come, go, leave, start, stop, arrive, return, open, close等動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按計劃規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。例如：class begins at eight in the morning. 早上八點鐘開始上班。（二） 一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事，存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。常用的時間狀語有yesterday, yesterday morningafternoonevening, last week/month/year, in 1980（三） 一般將來時1一般將來時 表示在將來的某個時間要 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, next week/month/year 等連用2一般將來時有以下幾種形式（1）助動詞will+動詞原形注：在疑問句中，當(dāng)主語是第一人稱I或we時，常用助動詞shall(2)“be going to +動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生某事或者打算，計劃要做某事（3）come, go, start, move, leave, travel等動詞常用進行時態(tài)表示按計劃將要發(fā)生的事例如：the whole familys going for two months. 全家要去兩個月。 （四）現(xiàn)在進行時1現(xiàn)在進行時由“am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞”也可以表示正在進行的動作2“系動詞+介詞/副詞（短語）”也可以表示正在進行的動作3表示感覺、愿望、和狀態(tài)的某些東西（如：hope, smell, hear, see, like等）一般不用進行時態(tài)例如：I hope to go to collage next year. 我希望明年上大學(xué)。Module 2 please help me 1. travel around 環(huán)游2. invite sb to do sth 邀請某人去做某事3. look at todays newspaper 看今天的報紙4. take off 起飛，脫下（衣服）land 著陸 on land 在陸地上5. the price of the ticket 票價6. enter a competition 參加比賽7. It sounds brilliant! 8. come true （希望，理想等）實現(xiàn)，達到9. all over China 遍及全國 10. have been to 已經(jīng)去過幾次（表示人已經(jīng)回來） have gone to 表示人去某地，在途中或已經(jīng)到目的地，還未回來have been in 加入 后面可接表示組織、團體的名詞11. theres a lot to see and to there12. Pizza has always been my favorite food. 披薩是我最喜愛的食物。13. sell out 售完，賣光 to sell at a loss 虧本出售sell at a discount of 15 按八五折出售14. at the end 最后15. It was my “dream come true”.16. how many times 幾次17. Have you ever been to New York? 你去過紐約嗎?18. Have you been abroad before? 你以前出過國嗎？19. Have you ever had a fantastic experience?20. more than 多于，超過21. dream about . 夢見22. Spring festival 春節(jié)23. by plane 乘飛機24. have a wonderful time 過的愉快25. take photos 照相26. so many 如此多,修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式so much 如此多，這么多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞27. have a western meal 吃西餐28. live in another country 住在另一個國家29. write a poem or story 寫詩歌或故事30. have/has ever+過去分詞？ 詢問某人是否做過某事（通常already, ever, never, yet用在現(xiàn)在完成時中）31. be from. 來自 其后街地點名詞，常與come from 進行互換32. I think 我想 .、我認(rèn)為.33. invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 invite sb to +地點 邀請某人到某地35One day 某一天，總有一天 該短語在句中作狀語，表示將來或過去的某一天，常用語將來時或過去時some day 僅指將來的某一天，只能用于將來時36Whats the price of ? .的價格是什么？ How much is/are ? 如: Whats the price of the apples?=How much are the apples?37fly to. = go to by plane飛往.38. from time to time 不時地，時常地，偶爾地 harvest time 收獲期 time for bed 睡覺時間ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直at one time 曾經(jīng) at the same time 同時at times 有時候 in time 及時39 take photos of sb 給某人拍照40. have a meeting 開會 have a good time 玩得高興 have a cold 感冒 have sb do sth 讓某人做某事have a bath 洗澡 have a look 看一看41be popular with 受.的喜愛42 Since then 從那時起現(xiàn)在完成時用法現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：助動詞have（has）+ 過去分詞，1表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語有： already （“已經(jīng)”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處never (“從不” 用于中間處)ever （“曾經(jīng)” 用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）just (“剛剛” 用于中間處)yet (“已經(jīng)”用于疑問句的末尾處 /“還”用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時間狀語，但不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較：The plane has arrived .飛機已經(jīng)來了。說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）Since 和 for 的用法表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+過去點的時間，for+一段時間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問。一、since短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點。 如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個英語單詞。二、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間，for的賓語為時間段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。三、have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。Module 31. the latest news 最新的消息 on earth 在地球上2. on business 出差 come back 回來3. get to 到達 send sth to 送某東西去某地4. hear from 收到某人的來信 hear of /about 聽說 hear sb do sth 聽到某人做某事hear sb doing sth 聽到到某人正在做某事5. show sth to sb =show sb sth 把某物給某人show sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事show sb +賓語從句 向某人顯示/表明6. borrow from 從.借.(借進)lend. to. 把.借給（借出）7. What are you up to ? 你在做什么？What do you think of? = How do you like.? 你覺得怎么樣？8. bring sth back 帶某東西帶回來9. It takes/took (sb) some time to do sth 花費（某人）多長時間做某事10. The old man has just found the shortest way to the island.11. in the last 3 years 近三年里12. grow up 長大 grow out of 產(chǎn)生自grow into 長大，發(fā)展prefer sth=like sth better 更喜歡某物prefer to do sth 寧愿做某事 prefer doing.寧愿做某事prefer.to. 比起更喜歡.prefer sb (not) to do sth =would rather do.than do. 喜歡做.而不喜歡做., 寧愿做而不愿做某事13. try to do sth 盡力做某事，設(shè)法做某事14. ask sb to do sth 請求/讓某人做某事15. receive. from. 從.收到. no one 沒有人16. show.around . 帶某人四處看看 17. so wonderful/ fantastic that. 如此.以至于.18. It is ADJ for sb to do sth its hard to understand how large the universe is19. millions of 數(shù)以百萬的 go around 四處走走，四處看看20. how often 多久一次 the last three years 近三年里21. the space station 空間站22. start to do sth 開始做23. finish doing sth 做完某事高中英語所有復(fù)雜的反義疑問句的用法1當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I，而句子又用來征詢對方的意見時，附加疑問句中的主語用you。如： I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 2當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代詞時，附加疑問句中的主語通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主語，具有否定概念時。如： Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 3當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是不定代詞everything, nothing, anything, something時，附加 疑問句中的主語一般用it，不用they。如： Everything seems all right now, doesnt it? Nothing is kept in good order, is it? Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it? 4.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this, that或these, those時，附加疑問句中的主語分別用it和they。如： This is important, isnt it? That isnt correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 5.如果陳述部分是以代詞one作主語，附加疑問句中的主語在正式場合用one，非正式場合用you,在美國英語中，在非正式場合還可以用he。如： One cant be too careful, can one?或can you? One should do his duty, shouldnt he? 6如果陳述部分用Im結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問部分一般用arent I。如： I am strong and healthy arent I。7當(dāng)陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時，附加疑問句中的主語也用there。如： Theres no help for it, is there? Theres something wrong, isnt there? 8陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時，附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。如： Bob rarely got drunk, did he? Few people know him, do they? She seldom goes to the cinema, does she? 如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴，那么，該陳述部分作肯定處理，附加疑問部分一般仍用否定形式。如： He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 9當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時，附加疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系。如： She says that I did it, doesnt she? I told them not everybody could do it ,didnt I?但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I，謂語是think, believe, suppose, expect這類動詞時，附加疑問部分則往往與從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系，但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 I suppose that hes serious isnt he? I dont think she cares, does she? 10當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句，附加疑問句則需和就近的分句的主語和謂語一致。如：Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he? 11在由“祈使句+附加疑問”構(gòu)成的附加疑問句中，附加疑問部分一般用will you, wont you, would you,有時也可用can you, cant you, why dont you, could you等。如： Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why dont you? 但是，以lets開頭的祈使句，附加疑問部分用shall we;以let us開頭的祈使句，如果含義是allow us，不包括聽話人在內(nèi)，疑問部分用will you。如： Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you? 12當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞must表示“必須”時，疑問部分用mustnt。如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you? I must answer the letter, mustnt I? 但若表推測這層含義時，不能用must，而要根據(jù)陳述部分的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（即must之后的動詞）以及含義采用相應(yīng)的動詞形式。如： You must have made a mistake, havent you? They must have seen the film last week, didnt they? He must be in the library, isnt he?13當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞used to時，疑問部分可用usednt或didnt。如：The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he? Tom used to live here, usednt he?或didnt he?14當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞ought to時，疑問部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如： He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he?We ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we?15當(dāng)陳述部分含有had better時，疑問部分用had。 如：Youd better finish your homework now, hadnt you? 16感嘆句后的附加疑問句的謂語動詞需用be的現(xiàn)在時，且常用否定形式。如： What a clever boy, isnt he? What a lovely day, isnt it? 17陳述句子中的主語為動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或其他短語時，疑問部分的主語通常用it。如： Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it? Between six and seven will suit you, wont it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? 18在口語和非正式文體中，為了加強語氣，只是表示某種驚奇、懷疑、反感、諷刺等感情而并不是為了尋求回答，這時前后兩部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? Youll not go, wont you? 19陳述句中的謂語動詞是wish，表示愿望時用may，且用肯定形式。如： I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I? 20當(dāng)陳述部分帶有表示“所有”含義的動詞have（has）時，疑問部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如： You have a new bike, havent you（或dont you）? She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she? Module 4 Education1 arrive in/ at 到達，抵達 how long 多久2 get on (very) well with sb 與某人相處很好3 in the last 15years 在過去的15年里 since 2004 自從2004年以來4 hear about / of 聽說 Project Hope 希望工程5 That sounds interesting 那聽起來很有趣6 all over China 遍及全國 an 8-year-old boy 一個八歲的男孩7 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事8 drop out of school 退學(xué) on the farm 在 農(nóng)場9 stop doing 停止做某事 have to do sth 不得不做某事look after 照看，照料 get a (good) education 受到（良好的）教育with the help of 在.的幫助下10 raise money for the poor children 為窮孩子籌集錢11 in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)村12 send students to high schools 送學(xué)生去學(xué)校13 a school with no electricity and only a few books 只有一些書沒有電的學(xué)校14 because of sth 因為. thousands of 數(shù)以千計的15 in fact 實際上 take part in 參加16 、meet with sb/sth 遇到，遇見17 be different from. 與.不同the sameas. 與.相同27Improve on/ upon 在.方面得到改進28Talk about education 談?wù)摻逃?29. wear glasses 戴眼鏡 know about 知道，了解30work for 為而工作 Module 5 Western music1. be called 被叫做. be born 出生于2. traditional Beijing Opera 傳統(tǒng)京劇 give us a break 讓我們清凈一會兒3. a fan of 的迷 the center of 的中心4. classical music 古典音樂 playfor 為.演奏.5. at the age of 在幾歲時 a piece of music 一首曲子 6. two pieces of music 兩首曲子 be famous for sth 因而聞名7. the rest of. 其余的. go on holiday 去度假 8. buy sth for sb 為某人買某物9. move .to. 搬到 move away 移開move on 繼續(xù)前進 move out 搬走10. make films 拍電影 belong to 屬于 make sure 確信11. decide to do sth 決定做某事12. She doesnt like pop music, does she? No, she doesnt.你不喜歡流行音樂，是嗎？是，我不喜歡。13. Im not sure 我不確信 the center of the city 市中心14. one of the most famous composers最著名的作曲家之一15. even more successful and popular 甚至更成功更受歡迎16. not only but also 不但.而且17. when he was only 35 當(dāng)他35歲的時候18. be good at doing sth 擅長做某事19. What kind/ type of books 什么種類的書20. find a part-time job 找一個兼職工作21. play the violin 演奏小提琴22. make progress 取得進步 make a mistake 犯錯誤 make tea 泡茶 make a dress 做衣服 make a guess 猜一猜 make a living 謀生 make a report 做報告 make a phone call 打電話 make problems 制造麻煩 make the bed 整理床鋪23.