2015英語四級(jí)閱讀理解翻譯.doc

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide betweenthewell-educationwelloffandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualandsociety,areprofound.在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，受過良好教育的人工作的年限比那些沒有什么技能的人的越來越長(zhǎng)。有65的年齡在62到74歲的擁有專業(yè)學(xué)位的美國(guó)男性還在工作，而只有高中學(xué)歷的只有32的仍然在工作.這進(jìn)一步拉大了受過良好教育的富人和沒有任何技能的窮人之間的差距。隨著科技的發(fā)展，那些有著高級(jí)技能的人的收入上升了，而那些沒技能的人的收入?yún)s被壓榨了。這種結(jié)果值得個(gè)人和社會(huì)深思。Theworldisfacingasastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmore發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正面臨著這樣的情況：老年人口劇增，而且壽命會(huì)比以往還要長(zhǎng)。在接下來的20年里，全球年齡在65歲的人口數(shù)量會(huì)增加甚至?xí)侵暗膬杀?，將?huì)從6億增到11億。Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernment budget problem。壽命的延長(zhǎng)演變成了退休年份的延長(zhǎng)，而不是工作年份的延長(zhǎng)，20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴很多觀察者:這一轉(zhuǎn)變將會(huì)減緩經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的步伐，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金的隊(duì)伍日益膨脹，這將給政府的財(cái)政預(yù)算帶來麻煩。Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國(guó)人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.勤勤懇懇的青年人和懶懶散散的老年人之間鮮明的對(duì)比的觀念遺漏了一種新趨勢(shì)：有技能的人和沒技能的人之間的差距越來越大。沒技能的人就業(yè)越來越難，而有技能的老點(diǎn)的人退休年齡越來越大。這種分裂現(xiàn)象在美國(guó)尤為突出。在二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生受到了良好教育的美國(guó)人的退休期在延遲，而那些沒什么技能的年輕人卻已失業(yè)。Thateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity.Donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.有技能的人必須工作更久，但是退休后生活會(huì)很舒適。但是如果工作性質(zhì)改變了那就要出大事了。受教育程度高的人薪資漲得很快，直到他們老了那天都會(huì)獲得獲得豐厚的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在受過教育的老年人比以往的老年人更能為企業(yè)帶來效益?？萍嫉淖兓蛟S能夠很好地說明這一轉(zhuǎn)化：人們從學(xué)習(xí)管理訣竅到發(fā)展自己的創(chuàng)造力來補(bǔ)充計(jì)算機(jī)沒有的技能。這些技能不會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而削弱對(duì)其的要求。56、what is happening in the workforce in rich countries?發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的 勞動(dòng)力發(fā)生了什么？（B）A. younger people are replacing the elderly年輕人漸漸替代老年人B. well-educated people tend to work longer受到良好教育的人工作年限會(huì)越來越長(zhǎng)C. unemployment rates are rising year after year就業(yè)率在逐年上升D. people with no college degree do not easily find work沒上過大學(xué)的人不易就業(yè)57、what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and poor?是什么拉大了富人與窮人之間的差距?（B）A. Longer life expectancies人們的預(yù)期壽命越來越長(zhǎng)B. Profound changes in the workforce勞動(dòng)力發(fā)生了巨大變化C. rapid technological advance科技的日益發(fā)展D A growing number of well-graduated.受到良好教育的人越來越多58、what do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?鑒于20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，很多觀察者預(yù)測(cè)的是什么？（A）A. Economic growth will slow down.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度將會(huì)變慢B. Government budgets will increase.政府預(yù)算會(huì)增加C. More people will try to pursue higher education追求高學(xué)歷的人會(huì)越來越多D. There will be more competition in the job market.就業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)越來越激烈59、What is the result of policy changes in European countries?歐洲國(guó)家政策變化的結(jié)果是什么？(C)A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.沒技能的人會(huì)選擇提前退休B. more people have to receive in-service training.接受在職培訓(xùn)的人會(huì)越來越多C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.即便是富人也必須要多工作幾年，以便退休后生活舒適D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans人們也許不能夠享受養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃帶來的養(yǎng)老固定收益60、What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?21世紀(jì)的工作特點(diǎn)是什么？（D）A. Computers will do more compli