高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空---2代詞.docx

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除第二集語(yǔ)法填空核心考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)突破代詞高考考查的重點(diǎn)【考向聚焦】在句中用來(lái)代替名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或句子的詞稱為代詞。代詞可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。近3年來(lái)，高考重點(diǎn)考查不定代詞，所考題量占所考代詞總量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代詞。試題的設(shè)計(jì)注重語(yǔ)境設(shè)置，要求考生將句子意思和句子結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來(lái)選出正確的代詞。因此，做題時(shí)要在熟練掌握各類代詞基本用法的基礎(chǔ)上，特別注意句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)合，只靠死背語(yǔ)法是很難奏效的。對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P5用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1(2013遼寧，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.解析句意：Della先贏得了學(xué)生的信任，然后贏得了同事的信任。此處用于替代不可數(shù)名詞trust，故用that。如果代替可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those或the ones。答案that2(2013江西，23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.解析句意：如果他不喜歡的話，不可能會(huì)有人40年擅長(zhǎng)一件事情。nobody意為“沒(méi)有人”。答案Nobody3(2013山東，21)Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like _ of them very much.解析句意：我在紐約和芝加哥都居住過(guò)，但這兩個(gè)地方我都不喜歡。短語(yǔ)not.eitherneither(兩者都不)。答案either4(2013陜西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.解析句意：雖然Rosemary這些年患上了一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，但是她并沒(méi)喪失對(duì)生活的熱情。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用否定詞。答案none5(2013天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.解析考查用于比較對(duì)象替代的代詞。句意：在我們工廠有一些與這份雜志中描述相似的機(jī)器。those替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。答案those6(2013四川，2)The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.解析考查比較對(duì)象的替代。通?？梢杂胻hat替代不可數(shù)名詞，此處the traffic為不可數(shù)名詞，故用that來(lái)替代。答案that7(2013新課標(biāo)，14)Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _解析句意：這是一個(gè)只能二選一的處境我們可以在今年買一輛新車，或者去度假，但是我們不可能兩件事都做。not.both表不完全否定(并非兩者都)。答案both8(2013重慶，31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment，reusing is _解析句意：回收是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方式；再利用是另一種方式。another可替代a/onen.。答案another9(2013安徽，27)This project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.解析句意：如果我們不一起良好合作，我們就不會(huì)取得任何成就。答案Nothing10(2013浙江，11)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.解析根據(jù)橫線后定語(yǔ)surveyed in 16 countries可知，意為被調(diào)查的那些人中的一半。答案those對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P5不定代詞的用法（none，nothing，nobody用 法比較）【典例1】 My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.(2012江西)解析句意：我弟弟想買塊好表，但是那家商店沒(méi)有。none表示“在一定范圍內(nèi)(三者或三者以上)一個(gè)也沒(méi)有”。答案none【典例2】 I knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.(2011湖南)解析句意：我知道沒(méi)有什么能夠阻止他，他將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)放棄成為一名導(dǎo)演?？疾榇~。答案nothing1John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems，but _ works.解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此題應(yīng)填代詞none指代not any way。句意：約翰已經(jīng)嘗試了許多解決這些物理難題的方法，但是沒(méi)有一種方法有效。答案none2How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind，but _ is so good to me as Bruce.答案nonenone，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法none指人或物，相當(dāng)于no名詞；可回答how many，how much的提問(wèn)；可與of連用How much money do you have？None.你有多少錢(qián)？一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有。I want some more cheese，but theres none left.我想再吃點(diǎn)奶酪，但是一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)剩。As we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.由于我們?cè)谒X(jué)，因此沒(méi)人聽(tīng)到那聲音。nothing指物；可回答what的提問(wèn)What are you doing now？Nothing.你現(xiàn)在在干什么？什么也沒(méi)干。nobody (no one)指人；可回答who的提問(wèn)Who is in the room？No one/Nobody.誰(shuí)在屋里？沒(méi)人。no one無(wú)任何人nothing無(wú)任何物none無(wú)所提及的人、物 none的用法比較）【典例3】 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.(2010重慶)解析句意：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間他發(fā)脾氣且損害了健康；但現(xiàn)在哪一樣都沒(méi)有了?？疾榇~。根據(jù)題干中的temper和health，可知設(shè)空處指的是兩者。答案either【典例4】 John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?_Ill be off to London then.(2012重慶)解析句意：約翰，我們什么時(shí)候再見(jiàn)一次面，周四還是周五？都不行，我那個(gè)時(shí)候要去倫敦。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的Ill be off to London then.可知需填表否定意義的代詞。答案Neither3It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which _ of the parents spoke the language.答案neither4Which of the three optional courses did you like best，Joe?To tell you the truth，I didnt like _ of them.答案anyeither，both，neither，all，none，any的常見(jiàn)用法如下：兩者either肯定含義作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)both肯定含義作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)neither否定含義作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)三者或三者以上不定代詞的用法（other，another，the other， others，the others的用法比較）【典例5】 Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全國(guó))解析考查代詞用法。句意：雙方都不肯與對(duì)方交談，除非我們消除他們之間的隔閡。根據(jù)句中的neither可知共有兩方，所以指雙方中的另外一方用the other。答案the other【典例6】 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.解析根據(jù)句意“經(jīng)理認(rèn)為價(jià)格的上漲不會(huì)再超過(guò)4%”可知，another為本題的正確答案。在英語(yǔ)中，“another基數(shù)詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞more名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“再/又”。答案another5No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _答案the other6Would you like to go and watch a tennis match this weekend with us?Im sorry，but Ive got _ plans.答案other在英語(yǔ)中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代詞，它們的用法如下：(1)other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指概念。(2)others意為“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名詞，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“other名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也表示泛指概念。(3)the other有兩種常見(jiàn)用法：the other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指概念；the other意為“兩者中的另一個(gè)”，常用于“one.the other.”結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)the others意為“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名詞，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“the other可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示特指概念。(5)another意為“又/再”，常用于“another基數(shù)詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞more名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。全部否定與部分否定【典例7】 Wow！Youve got so many clothes.But _ of them are in fashion now.解析句意：哇！你有那么多衣服啊。但是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有一件跟得上潮流的了。根據(jù)句意，空格處應(yīng)用否定代詞none。注意neither與none的用法不同：前者表示“兩者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。答案none【典例8】 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to，because they have work to do.(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó))解析考查代詞的用法。句意：Larry讓Bill和Peter和他一起去野餐，但是他們兩個(gè)人沒(méi)有一人想去，因?yàn)樗麄兌加泄ぷ饕觥Ｇ懊嫣岬降氖荁ill和Peter兩個(gè)人，再結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wants可知是對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行否定，所以用neither。答案neither7The exam was easy，wasnt it?Yes，but I dont think _ could pass it.答案everybody8I havent seen _ of her films，but judging from the one I have seen recently I think shes a promising actress.答案both全部否定的不定代詞：none，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，not any，no名詞。部分否定的不定代詞：not與all，both，everyone，everybody, everything等連用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。替代詞的用法【典例9】 More than 68，600 foreigners are working in Shanghai.The number is 13 times _ of 1996，when Shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.解析考查代詞。句意：現(xiàn)在有超過(guò)68 600個(gè)外國(guó)人在上海工作。此數(shù)量是1996年開(kāi)始簽發(fā)僑民工作許可證時(shí)的13倍。此處that指代上文中的“number”。答案that【典例10】 I just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.解析考查代詞。句意：我只是選擇了一種更簡(jiǎn)單的生活方式，一種可以騎自行車到處跑，不必為生活而奔波的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位語(yǔ)。答案one9Weve been looking for cheap houses but havent found _ yet.答案one10The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.答案thatthat，it，one，ones，those，the one(s)等都可以用作代詞，但它們所指代的情況不同。(1)it通常用來(lái)指代上文提到過(guò)的那個(gè)事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones也表示泛指概念，用來(lái)替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。the one(s)也是替代可數(shù)名詞，但表示特指概念。(3)that既可以用來(lái)指代不可數(shù)名詞，又可以用來(lái)指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，表示特指概念，相當(dāng)于“the名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)those用來(lái)指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示特指概念，相當(dāng)于“the可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。它是that(指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí))的復(fù)數(shù)形式。(5)當(dāng)that或those在句中指代事物時(shí)，它們的后面通常使用一些后置定語(yǔ)，如：Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可數(shù)名詞joy)特別提醒：(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定語(yǔ)從句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。(2)“物主代詞own”之后不能加one。(3)一般可以用this one，that one，較少用these ones和those ones。當(dāng)ones前有形容詞修飾時(shí)則可以用these和those。it的用法【典例11】 No matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(2012陜西)解析考查it作形式賓語(yǔ)。句意：不管他在哪兒，早餐前都要去散步，這是他的慣例。句中it用作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的賓語(yǔ)。答案it【典例12】 Ive read another book this week.Well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。此處被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“not how much you read but what you read”。句意：這個(gè)星期我又讀了一本書(shū)。嗯，也許重要的不是你讀的量的多少而是你所讀的內(nèi)容。答案it11(2011江西)Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?答案it12We have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.答案itit的用法歸納(1)it的基本用法：it可以用作人稱代詞，指代事物或上文提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容；在特定的環(huán)境中，也可指性別不詳、身份不明的人或嬰兒等；可以表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)等。(2)it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法(3)有關(guān)it的幾個(gè)易混句型Its time for sb to do sthIt/This/That isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sthIt will be時(shí)間段before sb do/does sthIt is/has been時(shí)間段since sb did sthIt is/was具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)when從句。(4)it可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型這一句型可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。指示代詞、反身代詞、人稱代詞的用法【典例13】 Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street？_ is where the Grand Theatre is.解析that在此指代較遠(yuǎn)的地方。答案That【典例14】 Surprisingly，Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.(2011安徽)解析考查代詞。句意：令人驚奇的是，蘇珊漂亮的頭發(fā)垂到了膝蓋以下，幾乎成為了她的外套。此處itself指的是“頭發(fā)本身”。答案itself【典例15】 There is _ in his words.We should have a try.(2011四川)解析由“我們應(yīng)該試一試”可知，第一句句意應(yīng)該為“他的話有道理”；代詞something在此意為“重要的東西”，符合句意。答案something【典例16】 _ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.解析such作代詞，指代后面要提到的名詞the power。答案Such13Have you heard the latest news?No，what _？答案is it14To save class time，our teacher has _ students do half the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.答案us15Who called me this morning when I was out?A man calling _ Robert.答案himself16Some of the stamps belong to me，while the rest are _答案his and hers做題過(guò)程中要注意做到以下兩點(diǎn)：1明確指代。我們首先要分析上下文，明確代詞所代指的對(duì)象；代詞指代的是人還是物；代詞代指的是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；代詞代指的是單數(shù)概念還是復(fù)數(shù)概念(是兩者、三者還是三者以上)；是特指還是泛指。2邏輯關(guān)系。做題時(shí)，通過(guò)分析上下文所蘊(yùn)含的邏輯關(guān)系做出正確的判斷。可以從以下兩個(gè)方面考慮：代詞表示的范圍；代詞在句中構(gòu)成的是全部否定還是部分否定。對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P8用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1(2013北京東城區(qū)高三期末)I asked for some more cake，but there was _ left.解析句意：我想再要一些蛋糕，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)留下。此處none意為“一個(gè)沒(méi)有”。答案none2(2013北京海淀區(qū)期末)John has always wanted an ipad and he has just saved enough money to buy _解析句意：John想買一部ipad，他已攢夠買一部的錢(qián)。此處onean.是同類指代。答案one3(2013北京西城區(qū)高三期末)Being more realistic，the elderly have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of _ that dont.解析句意：更現(xiàn)實(shí)的是，年齡大的人已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了集中精力于讓他們感到高興的事，并放棄那些不能讓他們高興的事。此處thosethings。答案those4(2013山師附中月考)Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _ didnt help.解析句意：湯姆的母親不斷地告訴他應(yīng)該更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)，可是沒(méi)用。此處it didnt help意為“沒(méi)有，不奏效”。it指代前面的內(nèi)容。答案it5(2013濟(jì)寧一中高考模擬)Have you got any books on English grammar？Id like to borrow _Yes，here you are.But you