大學(xué)英語3words+and+expressions+2.doc

Words & Expressions of Unit 2breeze: n. - A gentle breeze blew over the garden. - 涼爽清新的微風(fēng)(=a cool, refreshing breeze)NB: All of the following words are related to wind. Can you match them with their definitions?hurricanea strong, abrupt rush of wind (=gust)gusta very strong wind (=gale)galea severe tropical cyclone, usu. involving heavy rains (=hurricane)tornadoa rotating column of air (=tornado)slender: adj. 1. (of people) slim; not very wide but comparatively long or high- slender fingers - a slender waist - 有苗條身材的女子 (=a woman with a slender figure)2. (of things) slight; inadequate - a slender income - 渺茫的希望(=slender hopes)CF: slender, thin & slim這幾個(gè)詞都有細(xì)小、瘦弱之意。slender 主要表示苗條之瘦，往往含有瘦得好看或勻稱的意思。例如：- Film actress Zhang Ziyi is a slender woman. (=電影演員章子怡身材苗條。)- When the wind blows, the slender tree bends but never breaks. (=起風(fēng)時(shí)，細(xì)長(zhǎng)的樹常被吹彎但決不會(huì)被吹斷。)thin 表示人或物的直徑與長(zhǎng)度的比例較小。例如： - People usually get thinner after an illness. (=生病后，人們通常變得瘦一些。)- This metal may be thin but is of great strength. (=這種金屬雖然很薄，但強(qiáng)度卻很高。)slim 用于指人與動(dòng)物時(shí)，其含義與 slender 相同，但在引申意義上卻側(cè)重于貧乏和不足狀態(tài)。例如：- As a slim boy, he has now filled out. (=他原是一個(gè)清瘦的男孩，現(xiàn)在胖多了。)- To tell you the truth, your chances to pass the exam are too slim. (=實(shí)話告訴你，你考試過關(guān)的希望實(shí)在是太小了。)racial: adj. relating to a persons race, or to different races of people- There is a serious racial conflict in that African country. - 他是種族歧視的犧牲者。(=He was a victim of racial discrimination.)stand up for: speak, work, etc. in favor of sb./sth.; support sb./sth - Dont be afraid to stand up for your rights. - 我所有的朋友都會(huì)支持我。 (=All my friends will stand up for me.)stand up to: to oppose fearlessly; to bear, to last- A soldier must stand up to the danger. (=士兵必須敢于面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)。)- 你的論點(diǎn)根本經(jīng)不起仔細(xì)檢查。(=Your argument just wont stand up to close scrutiny.)principle: n. a rule or standard, especially of good behavior- She was a woman of principle.- I usually follow the principle that it is better not to get involved in other peoples quarrels.- 我們恪守人人都應(yīng)受到公平對(duì)待的原則。(=We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.)Collocation：against ones principle 違反原則as a matter of principle 作為原則性問題 by principle 按照原則，根據(jù)原則 of principle 有原則的 adhere to ones principles 堅(jiān)持原則 abandon ones principles 拋棄原則 historic: adj. famous or important in history - a historic spot- 兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的具有歷史意義的會(huì)見(=a historic meeting between the two leaders)CF: historic & historical這兩個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“歷史上的”之意。historic 泛指歷史上有名的或富有歷史意義的。例如：- This change in government is a historic event of our times. (=這項(xiàng)政府變革是當(dāng)代具有歷史意義的大事。)- The signing of The Declaration of Independence was a historic occasion. (=獨(dú)立宣言的簽署是具有歷史意義的事件。)historical 主要意思是屬于歷史的，歷史上的，與歷史有關(guān)的，真實(shí)的而不是傳說中的。例如：- He gave all his historical papers to the library. (=他把他所有的歷史資料都贈(zèng)送給這個(gè)圖書館。)- There is a historical society in our university. (=我們大學(xué)有一個(gè)歷史研究所。)site: n. place where a building, town, etc. was, is, or will be situated - The site for the new factory has not been decided. - 一所新的學(xué)校占據(jù)了工廠的舊址。(=A new school occupies the site of the old factory.)Collocation：a historic site 歷史古跡 construction sites 建筑工地 a battlefield site 戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的遺址 mission: n. particular task or duty undertaken by an individual or a group- Mission accomplished. (=任務(wù)已完成。)- 代表團(tuán)成功地完成了使命。(=The delegation completed its mission successfully.)- 炸毀那座橋梁的任務(wù)未能完成。(=The mission to blow up the bridge failed.)Collocation：carry out / perform a mission 執(zhí)行任務(wù) fulfill a mission 完成使命 cancel a mission 取消一項(xiàng)任務(wù)web: n. network of fine threads spun by a spider or some other spinning creature; complex series or network- The spider is spinning a web. - 鐵路網(wǎng)(=a web of railroads)- 電話線網(wǎng)絡(luò)(=a web of telephone wires)liberate: vt. Pattern: liberate sb. from sth. - liberate people from poverty- liberate sb. from economic worry - 解除心中偏見(=liberate the mind from prejudice)- 把一個(gè)國(guó)家從軍事控制中解放出來(=liberate a country from a military control)forge: v. 1. create by means of much hard work- Their friendship was forged by shared adversity.- 他們和法國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨建立了聯(lián)系。(=They forged links with the French Communist Party.)2. make a forgery or counterfeit - He got the money dishonestly, by forging his brothers signature on a check.- 偽造簽名(=forge a signature)authorize: vt. give approval or permission for (sth.); give authority to- I have authorized him to act for me during my absence. - 主任允許我們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室工作。(=The director authorized us to work in the laboratory.)exploit: 1. n. brave or adventurous deed or action- Their heroic exploits will go down in history.- 歌頌?zāi)橙说墓?jī)(=sing sb.s exploits)- 他的戰(zhàn)功使我感到驚異。(=His military exploits amazed me.)2. vt. employ to the greatest possible advantage - exploit ones talents (=充分發(fā)揮某人的才能)- exploit ones friends (=利用自己的朋友)- 這家公司用長(zhǎng)工時(shí)、低工資的方法來剝削工人。(=The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay.)be intent on doing sth.: be eager and determined to do sth. - He was intent on the job he was doing. - 他決心去法國(guó)繼續(xù)深造。(=He is intent on going to France to continue his studies.)peer: vi. look closely or carefully, esp. as if unable to see well (followed by at/through/into, etc.)- She peered at him closely, as if not believing it could really be him.- She peered through the mist, trying to find the right path.CF: peer, gaze & stare這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有注視、凝視之意。peer 通常指半閉著眼睛看，并伴隨著向前移動(dòng)，含有好奇地看或難以看清的意味。例如：- The old man peered at her over his spectacles. (=老頭兒從他的眼鏡上方盯著她。)- Short-sighted people often peer at others when they are wearing no glasses. (=近視眼的人不戴眼鏡時(shí)常常瞇著眼看人。)- The sleepy father got up and peered through a crack in the door to see who knocked at the door. (=還未睡醒的父親起了床，透過門縫瞇著眼看是誰在敲門。)gaze 指持久不停地看，通常有驚奇、羨慕、感嘆等含義。例如：- All of us gazed at the beautiful view in the distance. (=我們都凝視著遠(yuǎn)方美麗的景色。)- For two hours Tom sat gazing out of the window. (=兩個(gè)小時(shí)過去了，湯姆一直坐著凝視著窗外。)stare 指出于好奇、驚訝、茫然或贊嘆等原因而瞪大眼睛長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、直接地注視。例如：- The woman stared at the stranger in astonishment. (=那個(gè)女人吃驚地盯著陌生人。)- It is very impolite to stare at other people. (=死死盯著他人是極不禮貌的。)on the side: as an additional job or source of income; secretly - He is a teacher, but he makes a little money on the side by repairing cars in his free time.- Hes married but he has a girlfriend on the side.(=他雖有妻室，但暗地里還有一個(gè)女朋友。)capture:1. n. the act of taking by force or of being taken by force- He was released yesterday, six months after his capture by the terrorists.2. v. take (a person or animal) as a prisoner- She was captured trying to escape from the country. close in (on/around): come near to, esp. in order to attack from several directions; surround- The people were trapped when the enemy army began to close in on them. - Night is closing in. religious: adj. of religion- a religious service (=宗教儀式)- 宗教問題(=a religious question)conviction: n. firm opinion or belief - She expressed her firm conviction that television was harmful to children.- 她堅(jiān)信她是對(duì)的。(=She had a firm conviction that she was right.)Collocation：a lifelong conviction 終身的信仰 political conviction 政治信念 strengthen/deepen ones conviction that 增強(qiáng)/加深某人的信念impose: vt. 1. place (a penalty, tax, etc.) officially on sb./sth.- New duties were imposed on wines and spirits. - 征收進(jìn)口稅(=impose a tax on imports)2. try to make sb. accept (an opinion or a belief) - She imposed her ideas on the group. - I must perform the task that has been imposed on me.transport: vt. take sth./sb. from one place to another in a vehicle- It took all day to transport the furniture to the new apartment. - The goods were transported by train. - 公共汽車把我們從機(jī)場(chǎng)送到城市。(=A bus transported us from the airport to the city.)disguise: vt. give sb./sth. a false appearance - He disguised himself as a woman. - The soldiers disguised themselves by wearing white garments in the snow. - 這一事實(shí)是無法隱瞞的。(=It is impossible to disguise the fact.)abolish: vt. end the existence of (a law, custom, system, etc.)- The death penalty is to be abolished before the end of this year.- 廢除奴隸制(=abolish slavery)- 壞的風(fēng)俗應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除。(=Bad customs should be abolished.)compel: vt. make (sb.) do sth.; force- Duty