高中牛津英語(yǔ)M6 單詞匯總.doc

M6 Unit 1 1. stand up for支持;維護(hù)We all must stand up for democracy and human rights. 我們都必須支持民主,維護(hù)民權(quán)。 You must stand up for your rights. 你必須維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利。14stand for 代表；支持; 主張 stand out 突出；站出來(lái)； stand by袖手旁觀 stand in the way 阻礙stand still 站著不動(dòng)；靜止不動(dòng) stand firm 挺立；站穩(wěn)立場(chǎng) stand against vt. 反對(duì)；抵抗 stand back 退后；往后站；不介入2, tease vt.、vi 戲弄,逗弄;取笑;欺負(fù) ( make fun of/play tricks on/ toy with)The dog may bite you if you keep teasing it. 要是你不停地逗惹那條狗,它也許會(huì)咬你。 Dont take it seriously - he was only teasing. 別當(dāng)真,他只是在戲弄你。 3. variety n. （同一事物）不同種類(lèi)，多種樣式a variety of / varieties of 多種多樣的，種類(lèi)繁多的， 1) There are a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有種類(lèi)繁多的圖案可供選擇。2) This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 這種工具有多種用途。vi. varyadj. various4.behave v. 表現(xiàn) The doctor behaved very unprofessionally. 那位醫(yī)生的做法違反職業(yè)道德。He behaved like/as a true gentleman. 他的行為像個(gè)真正的紳士。behave (oneself) 表現(xiàn)得體；有禮貌I want you to behave yourself while I am away. well-behaved 行為良好的badly-behaved 行為欠佳的behavior n. 行為，舉止5. trip n/vt/vi (使)絆倒He tripped over/on a brick. 他被一塊磚頭絆倒了。 He tripped the pickpocket up with the heels. 他用腳后跟把扒手絆倒。 6.perform vt. vi. 表演，履行，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)When will the play be performed?The surgeon was performing a dangerous operation.The machine performs well. perform on the flute 吹奏長(zhǎng)笛perform a trick 表演戲法perform an experiment 做實(shí)驗(yàn)perform ones promise 履行承諾performer n.performance n. 演出;演奏;表演 履行;實(shí)行;完成.He failed completely in the performance of his duty. 他完全沒(méi)有履行他的職責(zé)。 put on performances 演出7. make fun of 開(kāi)的玩笑，嘲笑 Dont make fun of people with disabilities. 不要嘲笑殘疾人。have fun =have a good time 玩得開(kāi)心It is fun to do sth. 做某事有趣What fun it is to do sth！ 做某事多有趣啊！8. affection 愛(ài),情愛(ài),鐘愛(ài)( for/towards)She has a great affection for her hometown. 她對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)懷有深厚的感情。 Her affections were centered on her cousin. 她的愛(ài)全都傾注到她的表兄弟身上了。9. come up with 想出；拿出1) She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 2) How soon can you come up with the money? 你什么時(shí)候能拿出這筆錢(qián)？come up 發(fā)芽；（太陽(yáng)）升起； 被提及，被討論come out （太陽(yáng)，星星或月亮）出現(xiàn)，露出；開(kāi)花；出版，發(fā)行come to 合計(jì)，總計(jì)come across （偶然）遇見(jiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)1) The bill came to $30. 賬單金額總計(jì)為30元。2) When is his new novel coming out? 他的新小說(shuō)什么時(shí)候出版？3) The subject came up in conversation. 談話(huà)中提到了這個(gè)話(huà)題。11. pass away 消逝,去世 (時(shí)間)過(guò)去;消磨(時(shí)間)As soon as the sun comes out, the mist will pass away. The old man passed away peacefully. Ten days passed away and still there was no news about them. pass by 經(jīng)過(guò);過(guò)去pass down 使世代相傳，流傳pass on 轉(zhuǎn)交，遞給，傳給M6U2 Words in reading 1. surround vt. 包圍，圍困 ( 常與by, with 連用)The house was surrounded by high walls. They have surrounded the town with(用包圍) troopssurrounding adj. 周?chē)浇膕urroundings n. pl 周?chē)奈矬w 、環(huán)境 2. junior adj. 資歷較淺的, 年少的, 下級(jí)的 n.晚輩, 年少者,地位較低者 （to）The president was so young that he was junior to some of his employees.He is junior to me by two years. = He is two years junior to me.Tom is a junior officer/gymnast.反： senior a.地位高的；年長(zhǎng)的 n.年長(zhǎng)者；畢業(yè)班學(xué)生 (to)She is senior to me, since she joined the firm before me.相似表達(dá)：be superior to sb./sth 比好，強(qiáng)；比級(jí)別高be inferior to 比差；級(jí)別低 3. apart from 遠(yuǎn)離；除了(還)She is always keeping her children apart from other students.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he had his both legs broken.（= aside from/as well as/in addition to/besides）The boy has finished the novel apart from (except for) the last two pages.Can you tell Tom apart from his twin brother?Dont tear the envelope apart.4. in good spirits 心情好,情緒高Although Tony is an orphan, he is always in good spirits.in good/high spirits in a good mood情緒高昂in bad/poor/low spirits in a bad mood情緒低落raise ones spirits 鼓舞情緒keep ones spirits up/ cheer sb. up 使振作精神5. accomplish vt. 完成, 實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到（目的） completesuccessfully 1)They did not accomplish the purpose desired.2) He accomplished the task by his single-handed（單槍匹馬的）efforts.辨析: 1) accomplish 指成功的完成預(yù)期的目標(biāo), 任務(wù)等, 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage 等名詞,有時(shí)兼有“達(dá)成(效果)”之意 2) finish 多指日常事務(wù)的完成, 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的了結(jié), 終止. 3) complete 強(qiáng)調(diào)事物完整的完成或終結(jié). 4) achieve 多指排除困難完成宏偉計(jì)劃或大業(yè).e.g. The journey was accomplished in 5 weeks.He finished his homework within two hours.He was not satisfied with what he had achieved.The whole project will have been completed by the end of this month. n. accomplishment(s)6. adapt vt.vi. 適應(yīng)(to)，適合; 改編,改寫(xiě)1) adapt (oneself) to new circumstances 使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境2) Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.3) These are books adapted for junior students.adapt/ adjust (oneself) to 適應(yīng)be adapted from/into由改編/改編成be adapted for 為改編7. go after vt. （1）chase or follow sb. He had left his wallet on the table, so I went/ran after him.（2）try to get sb or sth We are both going/running after a common dream.常用表達(dá)： go against 違背；不利于 go in for 喜歡；從事；參與 go by 走過(guò)；(時(shí)間)流逝 go oyer 越過(guò)；復(fù)習(xí) go around/round 四處走動(dòng)；傳播 go through 經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)檢查8. advocate vt.+n./doing sth./that-clause support sth publiclyThe group doesnt advocate the use of violence Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior. The report advocated that all the buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors(報(bào)警器). n. advocation 倡議 n. advocate 倡議者，擁護(hù)者(an advocate of sth.)M6 U2 Words (2)1. accompany vt. 陪伴, 伴隨, 補(bǔ)充, 給 . 伴奏 vi.伴奏The singer was accompanied on/at the piano by his pupil. Lightning usually accompanies thunder.He wished her to accompany him to the airport. 陪某人去companion n.同伴，伴侶company n.公司；陪伴, 陪同 in company with sb. 與一起 keep sb. company 陪伴某人 in ones company 在的陪伴下2. directly adv. 直接地; 直爽地; 立即,馬上She is directly responsible to the Minister for the work. 她直接受部長(zhǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo). She speaks very directly to others. 她對(duì)人說(shuō)話(huà)非常直率.Ill be there directly. 我很快就到。He went direcly/straight/all the way to the office. 他直接去辦公室。directly conj. = as soon as 一.就. (instantly, immediately, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant)I went home directly I finished work. 我一接到你的消息就來(lái)了。I came here directly/immediately/instantly/the moment/the minute/the second/as soo as I got your message.direct(vt.)-director-directiondirect (adj.) directly(adv.)3. talent n. 天資,天賦；天才He had a talent/gift for music. 他有音樂(lè)天賦。He is famous not only for his talent but (also) for his kindness. She is a new diving talent. talented adj. 有才能的，有才干的 (in/at) She is very talented/gifted in communicating with others. 她很擅長(zhǎng)與他人溝通。 Talented as he is , he doesnt devote all his energy to his study. 雖然他很有才干，但是沒(méi)用用在學(xué)業(yè)上。4. allocate vt. 分配，配給 (allocate sb. sth. / allocate sth. to sb.)He allocated each of us our tasks. He allocated tasks to each of us.他給我們每個(gè)人都分配了工作allocation n. 配給; 分配; 配給量 Weve spent our entire allocation for the year. 我們已經(jīng)把今年撥給我們的全部經(jīng)費(fèi)都花光了.5. quit vt./vi. (quit quit / quitted quitted ) 1) stop doing(informal, AmE) 停止 2) leave your job, school, etc. 退出（辭職/退學(xué)） 3) leave the place where you live 離開(kāi)You cannot quit smoking too soon. (quit doing) 你愈早戒煙愈好。If I dont get a pay rise, Ill quit. 若不給我加薪, 我就不干了.We decided it was time to quit the city.adj.擺脫的, 自由的 be quit/free of sb./sth. 我給了他錢(qián)為的是要擺脫他。I gave him money to be quit of him. 6. assist vi. vt. 幫助, 協(xié)助 (sb) with sth; (sb) in doing sth/ sb.to do sth You will be required to assist Mrs. Smith in preparing/to prepare a report. 你將要協(xié)助史密斯夫人準(zhǔn)備一份報(bào)告.Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries. 有兩個(gè)人正在協(xié)助警方進(jìn)行對(duì)他們的詢(xún)問(wèn).assistance n. with the assistance/help/aid of 在的幫助下come to ones assistance/aid = help sb. assistant n. 助手，助理7. head for move to a particular direction(多用進(jìn)行時(shí))Where is the ship heading for？It is heading for London.head vi. Where are you heading?你往哪兒走?head south, back to camp, away from the town, towards home, etc 朝南、回營(yíng)地城外家里等的方向走.M6U3 New words in reading1. ensure vt. (US insure) 確保; 保證; 擔(dān)保: 使（某人）一定得到（某事物）;使安全，保護(hù) ensure sb. sth./sth. to sb./that-clauseensureagainst(from)These pills should ensure you a good nights sleep. Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 充足的睡眠能保證你早日康復(fù)。A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery. 由他推薦，可以保證我找到工作。His recommendation will ensure me a job.We should ensure/protect ourselves against(from) all possible risks.2. congratulate vt. sb (on sth) 祝賀; 慶賀; 道喜congratulate sb on his marriage, new job, good exam resultsn. congratulation（常用復(fù)數(shù)）give congratulations to sb. on his success Youve passed your driving test? Congratulations! 3. celebration 慶祝have/ hold a celebrationin celebration of = in order to celebrate 為了慶祝A special gift was given to them in celebration of/ to celebrate the special day. 為了紀(jì)念（慶祝）這個(gè)特殊的日子，一件特殊的禮物送給了他們。 We will hold a mass-meeting in celebration of May Day. 我們將舉行群眾集會(huì)慶?！拔逡弧惫?jié)。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)：in honor of /in search of/in memory of /in favor of /in charge of in place of /in spite of/in need of/in praise of/in the hope of辨析： celebrate 與 congratulatecelebrate 表“慶?！睍r(shí)，賓語(yǔ)是事（sth.） celebrate sth.congratulate 向某人表示祝賀，其賓語(yǔ)是受到祝賀的人 congratulate sb.on sth.4. reception n. 接待處; 接受; 接待; 接納; 接收We arranged to meet at reception at 6:30. The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.The President gave a reception for the visiting heads of state.Radio reception isnt very good here.vt. receive n. receptionist 5. permit vt. ( permitted/ permitted/permitting) 1).允許, 許可, 容許（某事物）permit (doing) sth/ permit sb.to do sth.(相同用法的詞admit/allow/advise/forbid) Dogs are not permitted into the building. We do not permit smoking in the office/Smoking is not permitted in our office .在我們的辦公室里不準(zhǔn)吸煙. The prisoners were permitted two hours outdoor exercise a day. Permit me to explain. 容我解釋一下. 2). 使（某事物）有可能性: If weather/time permits/ Weather/Time permitting, Ill come tomorrow. The new road system permits the free flow of traffic at all times. 這些窗戶(hù)采光及通風(fēng)性能良好. The windows permit light and air to enter. 3). of sth(不用于被動(dòng)) 認(rèn)可; 容忍: The situation does not permit/admit of any delay. 情勢(shì)刻不容緩.4). permit /pmit/ n. 許可證; （尤指）通行證: You cannot enter a military base without a permit. n. permission U (to do sth) You have my permission to leave. 他們未經(jīng)許可擅入該地. They entered the area without permission. 6. prohibit vt. 禁止某事物或某人做某事（尤指以法令 規(guī)章或條例） sth/ sb (from doing sth) (相同語(yǔ)法的詞 ban/ forbid)Smoking in public is prohibited in most countries. The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. . The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.該藥因昂貴而影響其廣泛應(yīng)用n. prohibition (against sth)a prohibition/ ban against the sale of firearms 禁止出售火器的法令They voted in favour of the prohibition against smoking in public areas. 他們投票贊成禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙.7. throughout (時(shí)間，空間上的) 遍及，自始至終 adv./ prep.The house was painted green throughout. I watched the film and cried throughout. News spread throughout/ all over the country. 這消息傳遍了全國(guó).Food was in short supply throughout/ all through the war. 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間食物匱乏.8. adjust vt./ vi. 校準(zhǔn); 調(diào)準(zhǔn); 校正;整理 / 使適合（新環(huán)境等）; 適應(yīng): adjust sth. to do sth./ to(according to) sth.If the chair is too high, you can adjust it to suit you.As a teacher, you have to adjust your methods to the needs of slower children.She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath and walked into the room. adjust (oneself) to sth.（使）適應(yīng)Her eyes slowly adjusted to the dark.The body quickly adjusts (itself) to the changes in temperature. adj. adjustable 可調(diào)節(jié)的, 可調(diào)整的c/un. adjustment 調(diào)整, 調(diào)停, 調(diào)節(jié)Ive made a few minor adjustments to the seating plan. 我對(duì)座次表作了小小的調(diào)整.Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary. 可能有必要調(diào)節(jié)一下鏡頭.9. familiar adj. (sb.) be with sth 對(duì)某事物熟悉; 通曉(sth.)be (to sb) 被（某人）所熟知的; 經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到或聽(tīng)到的I am not very familiar with botanical names. In class, its better to use examples that are familiar to every schoolchild. 最好課上使用小學(xué)生都熟悉的事例。 n. familiarity （對(duì)某事物的）熟悉, 通曉:His familiarity with / His good knowledge of the local languages surprised me. 他對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)馗鞣N語(yǔ)言如此精通令我吃驚.M6U3 Words (2) 1. expectation n. 預(yù)料; 預(yù)期; 期待; 期望: /(對(duì)某事物）有信心的指望(通常作復(fù)數(shù)) Theres no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚預(yù)料無(wú)雪. The holiday was beyond/against/ contrary to all expectations. 假日過(guò)得比預(yù)期的好得多. What he did met/lived up to his parents expectations. 他所做的一切符合他父母的期望。v. expect 預(yù)料, 預(yù)計(jì), 期待, 盼望/要求/認(rèn)為; 猜想expect sth. from sb.expect to doexpect sb. to do sth 常用被動(dòng)sb. be expected to do（某人被期望/ 應(yīng)該做）expect that-clausethan/as expectedThis is the parcel which we have been expecting (from New York). 這是我們一直在期待的（從紐約來(lái)的）郵包. You cant expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 不要指望一個(gè)星期就能學(xué)會(huì)一門(mén)外語(yǔ). You will be expected to work on Saturdays. 你們星期六要上班. Will you need help? I dont expect so. 你需要幫忙嗎?我想不必了. I expect (that) I will be back on Sunday. 我預(yù)計(jì)星期日回來(lái). You came back earlier than expected. The task was well completed as expected.2. let(sb./sth.)alone 不管; 不打擾/ 更不用說(shuō)(作為連詞使用，前后接平行成分) Let/Leave her alone/ Let her be; she wants to stay alone for a while. He cant even ride a bicycle, let alone drive a car.這小孩兒連走都不會(huì)，更別提跑了。 The baby cant even walk, let alone run.這房子不宜夏天居住，更別說(shuō)冬天了。 The house isnt suitable to live in summer, let alone in winter.3. minority n. 少數(shù)/少數(shù)民族 Only a minority of British households dont have a car. 英國(guó)只有少數(shù)家庭沒(méi)有汽車(chē). A /The minority votes/vote against the law. 只有少數(shù)人投票反對(duì)這項(xiàng)法案.the rights of ethnic minorities 少數(shù)民族的權(quán)利 be in a/the minority 占少數(shù) The female workers in this company are in the/a minority.在這家公司，女職工只占少數(shù)。adj. minor 較小的; 程度輕的; 次要的 minor injuries, burns, fractures, etc 輕度損傷 灼傷 骨折等 a minor part/role in a play 劇中的次要角色minor vi. in sth （指學(xué)生）副修某科.反義詞 majority大多數(shù); 大半; 大多 The/A majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議. A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜歡看電視而不喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī).be in the/a majority 構(gòu)成大部分Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are in the/a majority. 委員中贊成提出修改意見(jiàn)的占大多數(shù)adj. major 較重要的; 較大的; 主要的:a major road 主干道the major portion 較大的部分 a major operation, 大手術(shù)major vi. in sth (US) 主修（大專(zhuān)院校的）科目: She majored in maths and physics at university. 她在大學(xué)主修數(shù)學(xué)和物理.4.account n. 帳目, 帳戶(hù)/報(bào)告; 敘述pay money into/draw money out of an account 在一帳戶(hù)中存取錢(qián)keep the accounts 記帳She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她把事件向警方作了詳細(xì)敘述. Dont believe the newspaper account of what happened. 不要相信報(bào)紙上（對(duì)所發(fā)生的事情）的報(bào)道. Keep an account of your daily activities. 把你每天的活動(dòng)都記下來(lái).on account of sth; 因?yàn)?由於on no account;決不可以; 切莫:take sth into account/consideration 斟酌; 體諒; 考慮:vt. account 將（某人某事物）看做; 視為:(regard,consider)In English law a man is accounted (to be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 根據(jù)英國(guó)法律, 一個(gè)人未經(jīng)證實(shí)有罪仍視為無(wú)罪.account(to sb.) for sth 解釋某事物的原因；占多大比例；摧毀殺死We must account (to our employer) for every penny we spend during a business trip. 我們得把我們出差時(shí)所花的每一分錢(qián)（向雇主）交代清楚.His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席.African-Americans account for 12% of the US population.Three days after the earthquake, more than 150 people had still to be accounted for.M6 U4 Words in reading1. lack n. / vt. (不用被動(dòng))(a) lack of information/ waterThe project failed due to lack of money. 那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃因資金不足而失敗。He was acquitted for lack of evidence. 他因罪證不足而被宣告無(wú)罪。We have no lack of water here. 我們這里有充足的水。He lacks common sense. 他缺乏常識(shí)。 She lacked the experience to get the job.lacking adj. be lacking inThe only thing is that we are lacking in money.2. refer to 1) to mention 提到, 談到The speaker referred to his past experiences. 演講者談到了他過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷.2) to have resource, turn to查閱A person refers to/consults a dictionary to find the meanings of words. 為了找出單詞的意思, 人們需要查字典.3) to describe or be connected to 描述, 涉及，與有關(guān)His new book referred to/ was related to air pollution.他的新書(shū)涉及到空氣污染 n. reference(提及，關(guān)于，參考)in/with reference to reference booksreferee(裁判)3worthy adj. -having qualities that deserve respect, attention or admiration 令人敬重的, 高尚的，了不起的 ( 做定語(yǔ)）They are regarded as the worthiest citizens of the town.a worthy gentleman 受人敬仰的紳士 having the qualities that deserve sth. 值得, 配得上 be worthy of sb./ sth. be worthy of being done be worthy to be doneThis park is worthy of a visit again.This park is worthy of being visited again. 這個(gè)公園值得再去看看。This park is worthy to be visited again.worth adj. “ 值得” “ 值（多少錢(qián)）” “ 價(jià)錢(qián)為” 后面常跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞。be worth sth./ doing sth.(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))Each of these stamps is worth 30 cents.How much is the picture worth? 這個(gè)公園值得再去看看。The park is worth a visit/ visiting again.worthwhile adj. “ 值得的” 后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞It is worthwhile to do sth./ doing sth.It is worthwhile to visit / visiting the park again.這個(gè)公園值得再去看看。worthwhile “有價(jià)值的,重要的”Here is some worthwhile advice to you.4. in addition, / additionally ( besides/as well/what more/ moreover)They had a big meal, in addition, they ate a great deal of fruit.他除了英語(yǔ)之外，也會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。He speaks French in addition to/ apart from/ besides/as well as English.additional adj.The charge for the delivery is additional. 運(yùn)費(fèi)另計(jì)。5. equal adj. 平等的； 同等的They are equal in ability. 他們能力相當(dāng)。Six equal pieces 六等分Tom is equal to John in height.All men are born equal. 人生而平等。n. c 同等的人（ 匹敵者）；相等物; 對(duì)手Jane has no equal in physics.He is my equal in strength.vt. 與.相同/ 相等Two and/ plus two equals four.He equals me in qualifications but not in experience. 他和我具有同等的資格，但經(jīng)驗(yàn)比不上我。 adv. equally n. equality6. contribute 捐款； 捐助； 提供（時(shí)間，精力等）con