新41概念英語(yǔ)三(9-20課).doc

Lesson 9 Flying cats 飛貓 一、【Text】課文Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. they never become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives. One of the things that fascinaes us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. A cats ability to survive falls is based on fact. Recently the New York Animal medical Centre made a study of 132 cots over a period of five months. All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall, from! One cat ,Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth. Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers, a doctor said. It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hid the ground. 二、【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住affectionate adj. 充滿情深的，柔情的mysterious adj. 神秘的，難以理解的submissive adj. 服從的，順從的feline adj. 貓的independence n. 獨(dú)立，獨(dú)立性high-rise adj. 高層的windowsill n.窗檻paratrooper n. 傘兵squirrel n. 松鼠air-resistance n. 空氣阻力impact n. 沖擊力fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住vt. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：be fascinated with被迷住了，被吸引住了He is fascinated with chess.Are you fascinated with English.like, love, be fond ofThe boy is fond of football.be crazy about:著迷be mad aboutHe is crazy / mad about music.He is fascinated with music.fascination n.fascinating adj.Sweet music is fascinating.affectionate adj. 充滿情深的，柔情的Cats are affectionate animals.affectionately adv.The lady is looking that man affectionately.affection n. mysterious adj. 神秘的，難以理解的a mysterious plana mysterious explanationmystery n. 迷團(tuán)，神秘感His death is a mystery.submissive adj. 服從的，順從的obedient Are you obedient?Dogs and horses are submissive, but Cats are never submissive to us.be submissive to sb.submit v.Submit oneself to sb. / sth. 屈服于，順從于submission n.feline adj. 貓的independence n. 獨(dú)立，獨(dú)立性independent adj.You have already grown up, you must be independent.depend 依靠You must depend on yourself.depend, dependenceindependence, independenthigh-rise adj. 高層的windowsill n.窗檻paratrooper n. 傘兵squirrel n. 松鼠air-resistance n. 空氣阻力impact n. 沖擊力三、【課文精析】nver fail to do 雙重否定肯定If you aks for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed.If you receive requests like this, youll never fail to accept.常用的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)（加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）1 never fail to, cant fail to, dont fail to , 否定詞+fail to（語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈）2 否定的形容詞之前加以否定 unreasonable- not unreasonableEg: What he said is not unreasonable.It is quite common (not uncommon ) for us to make mistakes.3 not + without Eg: You cant obtain english without working hard. He doesnt have any meal without meat.4.no+not Eg: There is no cat that doesnt like fish. There is nothing that he cant do. There is no rule that has no exception.as wellas a resulthave learned to:學(xué)會(huì)了，習(xí)慣了People have learned to expect that trains are punctual.Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able.be suspicious of sb. 對(duì)什么表示懷疑，存有戒心One of the things that fascinaes us： that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句One of the things that fascinaes us most about planes is the popular fact that they are safe and fast.truth,不可數(shù)名詞，a good deal of apparently 顯然，顯而易見(jiàn)It seems that.Key sentence: A cats ability to survive falls is based on fact.survive v. fall v.&n.be based on:基于事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)之上base sth. on: 把某事加強(qiáng)在什么基礎(chǔ)之上We base the theory on the factThe theory is based on fact.make a study of sth:對(duì)什么作出研究in common = the samefall off 墜落， 掉落die from:死于死于疾?。篸ie of illness / disease / hunger / thirst,自然的死亡用of死于非自然原因：die from shock / injures / wound, 用fromthere is no shortageshortage:缺乏 = lack, 與of搭配，shortage / fack ofshortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.suffer from: 遭受什么痛苦A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease.behave like = act likewell-trained: 訓(xùn)練很好的，well-decorated:裝飾漂亮的the further cats fall, the less典型的the more.the more.句型，用定冠詞the 修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)The harder you study English, the better you an learn it.The more you eat, the fatter you will be.be likely to do:有可能如何，強(qiáng)調(diào)可能性In cold winter, We are likely to catch a cold.and more 甚至更多stretch out 充分伸展Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“號(hào)的沉沒(méi)一、【Text】課文The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.二、【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)Southampton n. 南安普敦（英國(guó)港市）colossal adj. 龐大的watertight adj. 不漏水的compartment n. （輪船的）密封艙flood v. 充滿水float v. 漂浮， 飄浮tragic adj. 悲慘的liner n. 班船voyage n. 航行iceberg n. 冰山lookout n. 瞭望員collision n. 碰撞narrowly adv. 剛剛，勉強(qiáng)地miss v. 避開slight adj. 輕微的tremble v. 震顫faint adj. 微弱的horror n. 恐懼abandon v. 拋棄plunge v. 投入，跳入lifeboat n. 救生船Southampton n. 南安普敦（英國(guó)港市）colossal adj. 龐大的big, large, huge, great, vast, immense, enormous, giant, gigantic, tremendous, titaniccolossal: large in sizeA ship Titanic was colossal.a colossal monument; a colossal statuebig:大的，重要的You give me a big surprise.He is a big person.The box is big.large:體積大，數(shù)量大an empty large boxa large number of peoplegreat: 偉大vast:遼闊，廣闊 vast desertimmense: immeasurable 不可測(cè)量的an immense stadium, immense icebergenormous 重點(diǎn)突出數(shù)量、程度、體積；強(qiáng)調(diào)程度時(shí)，語(yǔ)意強(qiáng)于bigEg: He made a big success. / He made an enoumous success.giant: 巨大的，高大的a giant person 巨人 ； gigantictremendous: big, fast, powerfulThe plane is traveling at tremendous speed.titanic 用于修飾人和物，體積大、力量大The ship is titanic.huge:強(qiáng)調(diào)體積大 a huge stone 數(shù)量巨大 a huge sum of moneywatertight adj. 不漏水的a watertight shipwatertight 引申為無(wú)懈可擊的，毫無(wú)破綻的watertight arguments 無(wú)懈可擊的論點(diǎn)watertight excuse 毫無(wú)破綻的借口waterproof 防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表waterproof coat 防水雨衣compartment n. （輪船的）密封艙flood v. 充滿水vt. & n. vt. be filled with water; the ship is flooded. The room was flooded with moonlight.Our classroom was flooded with sunshine.n. 洪水， in flood 河水泛濫； 引申表示連續(xù)不斷的During the rains, the river is in flood.in a flood of words 滔滔不絕的She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.float v. 漂浮， 飄浮drift tragic adj. 悲慘的unfoutunate; a tragic accidentmiserable 苦難的 bitter 痛苦的tragedy n. 悲劇， 慘劇 in tragedy 以悲劇形式The holiday ended in edy 喜劇 comic 喜劇的，滑稽的 comical 古怪的，可笑的liner n. 班船voyage n. 航行voyage 海上航行flight 飛行journey 長(zhǎng)途行程navigation 航海，航海術(shù)The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.iceberg n. 冰山lookout n. 瞭望員collision n. 碰撞collide vi 碰撞，撫觸The plane collided with the mountaincrash v. 墜毀It is said that there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains.conflict vi. 和某事（某人）相抵觸My idea conflicts with yours.clash vi. 相沖突Eg: His wedding clashed with my examination, so I couldnt go.narrowly adv. 剛剛，勉強(qiáng)地miss v. 避開slight adj. 輕微的tremble v. 震顫tremble v. 有規(guī)律的、小幅度的抖動(dòng)Look, your hands are trembling, whats wrong with you?shiver v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)由于寒冷、懼怕而一連串地抖動(dòng)I found hes shivering in a cold.shudder vi. 強(qiáng)調(diào)全身的顫栗The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.faint adj. 微弱的faint: weakfaint sound / weak sound; weak voice / faint voicefaint: unconscious 失去知覺(jué)He has been faint for a long time.slight 輕微的，微不足道的a slight headache; a slight bookhorror n. 恐懼abandon v. 拋棄abandon 因?yàn)槟呈露黄确艞壸约合矏?ài)的事物He abandoned his research because of the war.desert 背棄，遺棄desert the army; desert the duty; desert his familyplunge v. 投入，跳入plunge: jump or rush suddenly and wildlyHe got so angry that he plunge into the water.When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of people plunged intojump:側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)快速地跳The boy is jumping up and down.leap: 跳躍 He leapt out of the sleeping bad.dive 跳水、潛水lifeboat n. 救生船三、【課文精析】The great ship, Titanic, sailed for 背景介紹sail for 航海去往某處set out (off) for 出發(fā)去往某處leave for, head for, make forEg: He will set out for the Atlantic.The plane is making for the airport.We are heading for Canada.Even by by : according to 表示依據(jù)modern standards 現(xiàn)代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)by regulation 依據(jù)規(guī)則 ; by ruies 依據(jù)條例by our estimate 根據(jù)我們的估計(jì)by ones looks / by ones appearance 根據(jù)某人的長(zhǎng)相according to 依據(jù) （事實(shí)、課文等客觀存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)）according to the fact 依據(jù)事實(shí)according to the text 依據(jù)這篇課文according to / in accordance within accordance with 更加正式in accordance with law 依據(jù)法律in accordance with rulesat that time 在當(dāng)時(shí)not only but (also ) 不僅而且be regarded as: be considered to be, be thought of as 把看作為口語(yǔ)中： regard sb. / sth. as + (n. / pron. / adj. / doing / done)Eg: I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable.We cant regard the matter as settled.for 表示原因be able to 強(qiáng)調(diào)有能力be remembered 被永遠(yuǎn)記住go down: sinkon her first voyage 處女航， 首航with heavy loss of life 損失慘重，造成大批人員的死亡four days after setting out : four days after setting offspotted: suddenly discovered by a look outicy waters 水域，海域to avoid不定式表目的just in time 很及時(shí)missing 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)，表示對(duì)主句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明narrowly 勉強(qiáng)地which 指代the immense wall of icefrom below 從下方 from above 從上方 so faint that no one thought thatso thatto ones horror 使某人感到驚訝Key sentence: five of her sixteen watertight compartments had been filled with water.The order was given 命令被下達(dá)to abandon ship 棄船，不定式做定語(yǔ)As (because ) there were not enough lifeboats 1,500 lives died.the order was given. 命令被下達(dá)to abandon ship 棄船 不定式做做定語(yǔ)ability 能力the ability to do sth.order sb. to do sth.be capable of doing sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)有做某事的能力capability of doing sth. 做某事的能力Lesson 11 Not guilty 無(wú)罪一、【Text】課文Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declae. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.Have you anything to declare? he asked, looking me in the eye.No, I answered confidently.Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please ?Not at all, I answered.The Officer went through the case with great care. All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officers face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.Perfume, eh? he asked sarcastically. You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.But it isnt perfume, I said. Its hair-oil. Then I added with a smile, Its a strange mixture I make myself.As I expected, he did not believe me.Try it! I said encouragingly.The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk-marks on my baggage. 二、【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)guilty adj. 犯罪的，違法的tolerant adj. 寬容的declare v. 申報(bào)hardened adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的professional adj. 職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的smuggler n. 走私者officious adj. 愛(ài)管閑事的confidently adj. 自信地dreadful adj. 可怕的，一團(tuán)糟的pounce v. 猛抓， 撲住perfume n. 香水sarcastically adv. 諷刺地exempt adj. 被免除的duty n. 稅gel n. 凝膠mixture n. 混合物unscrew v. 擰開nostril n. 鼻孔chalk n. 粉筆baggage n. 行李guilty adj. 犯罪的，違法的He felt guilty when he did what he shouldnt have done.He said that with a guilty smile.guilt n.guiltily a.反義詞： innocent, innocence n.tolerant adj. 寬容的a tolerant person must be easy going.tolerantly ad.tolerance n.tolerate vt.tolerable adj. 可以忍受的，說(shuō)得過(guò)去的declare v. 申報(bào)hardened adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 （側(cè)重于老練的）a hardened playera hardened thiefexperienced (側(cè)重于有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)an experienced teacherprofessional adj. 職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的a professional player 選手smuggler n. 走私者officious adj. 愛(ài)管閑事的a lot of old ladies are officious.officiously adv.officiousness n.officious civil servant 好管閑事的公務(wù)員an officious police officerofficial 官方的，官員的，正式的An official inquiry will be made into this matter. 對(duì)此事將進(jìn)行一次官方調(diào)查confidently adj. 自信地He went to do the work confidently.= with confidence 充滿信心的confident adj.confidence n. have confidence 有信心 gain confidence 獲得信心 in confidence 悄悄的，秘密的 = secretly take sb. into ones confidence 以某人為心腹Eg: The boss take his secretary into his confidence.dreadful adj. 可怕的，一團(tuán)糟的= frightful （表示膽怯的，恐懼的）dreadful (側(cè)重于可怕的，亂七八糟的)pounce v. 猛抓， 撲住perfume n. 香水fragrance:（抽象名詞） 芬芳，芳香sarcastically adv. 諷刺地exempt adj. 被免除的duty n. 稅Customs Duty:關(guān)稅Stamp duty 印花稅duty free 免稅的同義詞 tax income tax 所得稅gel n. 凝膠mixture n. 混合物mix v. mix sth. withunscrew v. 擰開nostril n. 鼻孔chalk n. 粉筆baggage n. 行李同義詞 luggage 三、【課文精析】quite tolerant 我們?cè)谶\(yùn)用形容詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)，往往需要用副詞來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)。表示“真正的” really a really officious person強(qiáng)調(diào)“特別，尤其是” particularly強(qiáng)調(diào)“絕對(duì)的” absolutely強(qiáng)調(diào)“完全的，徹底的” completely, entirely, fully, thoroughlyfairly-強(qiáng)調(diào)“一般般”very -語(yǔ)氣程度強(qiáng)烈“非常”rather-語(yǔ)意程度接近fairly, 注意修飾形容詞和副詞，特別是形容詞同時(shí)修飾名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞的位置。A fairly good book.A rather good book / Rather a good bookrather tooquite- right / wrong / mistaken / sure 絕對(duì)不能用very替代。Even really honest peoplea particularly officious young Customs Officerthe Green Channel = the Custom Officeare made to feel guiltymadk, have, let 及感官性動(dòng)詞see, hear, notice, feel 用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，符合賓語(yǔ)不定式的to符號(hào)應(yīng)該省略。但這種結(jié)構(gòu)改成被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)必須還原。We heard someone come up the stairs.Someone was heard to come up the stairs. (On the one hand, ) on the other hand On the one hand we could stay and help you, but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead.hidden in his suitcase過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾watches.even if / though he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.looking me in the eye: 兩眼直盯盯的注視著我look sb. in the face, stare sb. in the eye = look directly at sb.Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.The Officer went through the case with great care. = The Officer examined the case carefully.with great care-強(qiáng)調(diào)相當(dāng)?shù)淖屑?xì)in a mess:亂作一團(tuán)介詞in 和名詞搭配，表示一種狀態(tài) 秩序井然： in good order 身體健康： in good health 心情好： in a good mood 脾氣好： in a good temperlight up:喜氣洋洋，容光煥發(fā)Eg: Mashas face lit up when she saw her old friend. His face lighted up at the small triumph. Tom really lighted up when he saw the new biccycle.light有兩種過(guò)去分詞，過(guò)去式形式：lit, lighted但是如果運(yùn)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示被點(diǎn)燃的。要用lighted 一只被點(diǎn)燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar點(diǎn)燃的火炬： a lighted stick.介詞短語(yǔ)with delight “欣喜若狂的”with和抽象名詞搭配，表示內(nèi)心充滿了一種感情自信地： with confidence細(xì)心地： with care驕傲的： with pride欣喜若狂的：with delight驚訝的： with surprisepounce on:向猛撲過(guò)去，對(duì)大做文章Eg: The policeman pounced on the thief.Dont pounce on my mistake.should have 和過(guò)去分詞搭配，表示本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)有做，具有譴責(zé)性的味道。 You should have arrived here five minutes earlier. You should have told me about it.本不應(yīng)該做某事：shouldnt have doneexempt:免除的，被免除的 be fromDrinks are not exempt from import duty.as-關(guān)系代詞， 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。他所指代的內(nèi)容就是主句的整個(gè)句子的含義。 As we know, the earth is round. (眾所周知) As Brian pointed out, （正如所指出的） 正如我很快得知的：as sb. mentioned 關(guān)系代詞as 和which的區(qū)別： as 所引導(dǎo) 的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可用在主句之前 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只能用在主句之后。副詞形式：encouragingly He was greeted by an unpleasant smell greet:問(wèn)候，向致意；覺(jué)察到, 呈現(xiàn)在眼前，在耳邊I woke up and was greeted by a birds song.Inside the room adreadful mess greeted us.When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.Lesson 12 Life on a desert island荒島生活一、【Text】課文Most of us have formed an unrealis