101條風(fēng)險管理準則原文及譯文.doc

條風(fēng)險管理準則原文及譯文一般準則【準則條文】 英文：An organization risk management program must be tailored to its overall objectives and should change when those objectives change.譯文：一個組織的風(fēng)險規(guī)劃方案必需配合企業(yè)之整體目標，且應(yīng)隨著目標之改變而改變 英文：If you are in a “safe” business (relatively immune from depression, bankruptcy or shifts in products market), you risk management program can be more “risky” and less costly.譯文：假如您要安穩(wěn)地經(jīng)營（亦即免除相當(dāng)程度的經(jīng)濟蕭條，破產(chǎn)或產(chǎn)品市場轉(zhuǎn)換之沖撃）您的風(fēng)險管理方案最好能夠更具冒險性及成本最低性 英文：Dont risk more than you can afford to lose.譯文：不要冒自己所不能夠承擔(dān)之風(fēng)險 英文：Dont risk a lot for a little譯文：切勿冒因小利而受大害之風(fēng)險 英文：Consider the odds of an occurrence譯文：多加考慮損失發(fā)生之可能性 英文：Have clearly defined objectives which are consistent with corporate objectives譯文：必需要有明確之風(fēng)險管理目標且此目標需與企業(yè)目標一致 英文：The risk management department, as a user of services, should award business on the basis of ability to perform.譯文：風(fēng)險管理部門是屬服務(wù)部門，因此該部門對企業(yè)利潤之回饋應(yīng)以其執(zhí)行能力之高低為認定之基礎(chǔ) 英文：For any significant loss exposure, neither loss control nor loss financing alone is enough; control and financing must be combined in the right proportion.譯文：對任何重大之風(fēng)險僅以控制對策或理財對策處理是不夠的,必需將此兩類對策做適當(dāng)比例正確之搭配始可風(fēng)險辨認衡量準則【準則條文】 英文：Review financial statements to help identify and measure risks.譯文：評估財務(wù)報表有助于辨認和衡量風(fēng)險 英文：Use flow charts to identify sole source suppliers or other contingent business interruption exposures.譯文：使用流程圖分析有助于辨認一個供貨商所引發(fā)之風(fēng)險或其它連帶營業(yè)中斷風(fēng)險. 英文：To more fully identify and assess risks, you must visit the plants and relate to operations people.譯文：如果要能更完整地辨認和評估風(fēng)險，風(fēng)險管理人員應(yīng)親身訪問工廠和有關(guān)之操作人員 英文：A reliable data base is essential to estimate probability and severity.譯文：可靠之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)儲存庫對估計機率和幅度是相當(dāng)重要的 英文：Accurate and timely risk information reduces risk, in any of itself.譯文：正確和及時之風(fēng)險信息有助于降低風(fēng)險. 英文：The risk manager should be involved in the purchase or design of any new operation to assure that there are no built-in risk management problems.譯文：風(fēng)險管理人員應(yīng)涉及任何新計劃之設(shè)計規(guī)劃或任何新購置方案之工作，俾便事先能確保不產(chǎn)生風(fēng)險管理上之問題. 英文：Be certain environmental risks are evaluated in mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures.譯文：企業(yè)在合并、購買和短期合營事業(yè)上應(yīng)確定已完成環(huán)境風(fēng)險之評估工作. 英文：Select hazardous waste contractors on their risk control measures and their financial stability or insurance protection 譯文：選擇處理具有危險性之廢棄物之廠商時應(yīng)以該廠商在處理廢棄物時所采取之風(fēng)險控制手段是否良好，他們本身之財務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)是否穩(wěn)定，或從事此危險工作所引發(fā)之責(zé)任或損失是否良好之保險保障為主要之考慮依據(jù) 英文：Look for incidental involvement in critical risk areas, （ie. , aircraft and nuclear products, medical malpractice, engineering design, ect.）譯文：在重要的風(fēng)險區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)，積極尋求可能涉及的非所愿事件（重要的風(fēng)險區(qū)域范圍指的是航空和核子科技產(chǎn)品，醫(yī)療作業(yè)失誤、工程設(shè)計等工作而言）風(fēng)險控制準則【準則條文】 英文：Risk control works, it is cost effective and helps control local operating costs.譯文：風(fēng)險控制是項積極改善風(fēng)險單位本身性質(zhì)之工作它可使成本做最有效之運用同時亦有助單位或部門營運成本之控制 英文：The first ( and incontrovertible ) reason for risk control is the preservation of life.譯文：風(fēng)險控制首要的（和無可置疑的）理由乃是對人們生命的保護 英文：A property conservation program should be designed to protect corporate assets-not the underwriter.譯文：財產(chǎn)保全維護計劃是為了保護公司的資產(chǎn)而設(shè)計的并非為了保全人而設(shè)計的 英文：Be mindful that key plants and sole source suppliers may need protection above and beyond normal HPR (highly protected risks)requirements.譯文：對重要工廠和單一供貨商應(yīng)予留意也許它們需要超過HPR正常要求標準的防護措施 英文：Use the risk control services of your broker and insurer as an extension of your corporate program. Dont let them go off on a tangent.譯文：要把保險經(jīng)紀人和保險人所提供之風(fēng)險控制服務(wù)視為自己公司的風(fēng)險控制規(guī)劃方案延伸的一部份不能讓他們突然地改變既有之服務(wù)內(nèi)容 英文：Quality control should not be substitute for a full product liability program. Quality control only assures the product is made according to specifications, whether good or bad.譯文：質(zhì)量控制不應(yīng)視為全部產(chǎn)品責(zé)任損失控制方案之替代品所謂質(zhì)量控制僅是能確保產(chǎn)品是依據(jù)既定之規(guī)格制造，不管此一規(guī)格是好是壞 英文：Most of the safety-related “standards” of governmental agencies should be considered as minimum requirements.譯文：政府機關(guān)所訂有關(guān)的安全法規(guī)或標準應(yīng)視為風(fēng)險控制之最低要求 英文：Duplicate and separately store valuable papers and back-up data processing media.譯文：復(fù)制并分開儲存有價值之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)文件且儲備許多計算機處理數(shù)據(jù)上需要的軟硬件零件 英文：Avoid travel by multiple executives in a single aircraft.譯文：避免安排許多重要主管同乘一架航空器從事旅游或考察風(fēng)險理則準則【準則條文】 英文：Risk manager. ent should focus on two separate zones of risk relative to the maximum dollar loss the company can survive form a single occurrence:. Below this level-optimize the use of insurance relative to current cost. Above this level-transfer risk (usually insurance) to maximum extent possible-cost effectiveness is not a criterion in this zone; survival is.譯文：風(fēng)險管理應(yīng)著重一次損失之發(fā)生，企業(yè)能承受之最大損失能力之水平或范圍下所分開的兩個不同之風(fēng)險范圍低于此一范圍水平之風(fēng)險求取保險與非保險對策之適切成本組合高于此一范圍水平之風(fēng)險盡最大可能轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險（通常利用保險）此時成本之有效性非決策標準而以存活之機會為決策標準 英文：An entity with an unlimited budget can benefit from adopting all risk management measures which have benefits to the entity with an expected present value greater than the expected present value of costs of those measures to that entity.譯文：較少預(yù)算限制之經(jīng)濟個體只要對所有之風(fēng)險管理方案采取預(yù)期收益現(xiàn)值大于預(yù)期成本現(xiàn)值之方案即可獲益 英文：When, for budgetary or practical reasons, an entity must choose between mutually exclusive risk management measures, the entity should choose the measure that offers it the greatest excess of benefits over costs. When both benefits and costs are expressed as expected present values.譯文：當(dāng)為了有限之限算或?qū)嶋H之理由時，經(jīng)濟個體在選取互相沖突之風(fēng)險管理方案時，經(jīng)濟個體應(yīng)選擇預(yù)期收益現(xiàn)值與預(yù)期成本現(xiàn)值差額最大的風(fēng)險管理方案 英文：Competitive bidding which causes market disruption should be avoided.譯文：公開競標易引起市場崩潰應(yīng)予避免 英文：Never depend solely on someone elses insurance .譯文：不要單單依賴某一保險人提供之保險 英文：Retrospective rating plans of more than one year hamper flexibility.譯文：超過一年以上之追溯費率計劃反而妨礙彈性程度 英文：A tax advantage should be considered a “plus”-not a principal reason for a risk financing decision.譯文：稅負減輕之優(yōu)點僅能視為有利因子它不是風(fēng)險理財決策之主要理由 英文：Risk taking presents an opportunity for economic gain.譯文：冒風(fēng)險意愿著在經(jīng)濟上獲益之機會索賠管理準則【準則條文】 英文：The risk manager should be notified immediately (with-in 24 hours)of any major loss or potential loss.譯文：對任何重大或潛在之損失，風(fēng)險經(jīng)理應(yīng)立即（24小時內(nèi)）獲得通知 英文：Major liability claims should be reviewed for adequacy of investigation and accuracy of reserve.譯文：對于重大責(zé)任損失查勘之適當(dāng)性和損失準備之正確性應(yīng)特別注意評估 英文：Be careful of local plant involvement in property and liability claims. Local personnel may be too defensive to properly review a major claim.譯文：特別留意涉及各地工廠部門之財產(chǎn)和責(zé)任索賠案件因為各地工廠部門之人員容易為了減低其損失發(fā)失之責(zé)任而隱瞞實情以致重大之索賠關(guān)鍵無法正確評估 英文：Request early advance payments on large property and business interruption losses.譯文：對于重大的財產(chǎn)和營業(yè)中斷損失及早要求保險人預(yù)付部份賠款 英文：Secure several estimates or an appraisal of self-insured vehicle physical damage losses.譯文：對于自行承擔(dān)之車輛實體毀損應(yīng)盡可能獲取數(shù)種之估價數(shù)據(jù)英文：Aggressive claims subrogation ( insured and self-insured) reduces costs.譯文：主動積極運用代位求償（不管是被保損失之索賠或未保損失之理貼）可降低理賠成本英文：A claim and disability management program, directed toward getting the employee back to work as soon as possible can save money even though the employee cannot do all phases of the job. 譯文：索賠和傷殘管理規(guī)劃中應(yīng)盡可能使員工回復(fù)原有之工作，即使員工無法勝任原有所有之工作但可使企業(yè)組織節(jié)省金錢之花費英文：Periodically audit claims reserves of insurers and self-insurance administrators.譯文：定期審查保險人和自我保險人所設(shè)立的損失理賠準備英文：The best claim is a closed claim譯文：最好的索賠就是結(jié)束索賠員工福利準則【準則條文】英文：The provisions and costs of employee benefit programs should be clearly and frequently communicated to employees譯文：員工福利方案的成本和條款應(yīng)該時常清楚地與員工溝通英文：When installing a new benefit plan, it is harder to reduce benefits than to improve them later on.譯文：當(dāng)設(shè)計一項新的福利項目時，要了解清楚的是將福利給付或項目縮減比事后改善福利項目和內(nèi)容還難英文：A poor employee benefit program can generate more employee relations problems than no plan at all .譯文：一個差勁的員工福利計劃會比不設(shè)立員工福利計劃產(chǎn)生更多的人事關(guān)系糾紛之問題英文：Employee contributions, even small ones, can help you assess the real popularity of a benefit plan.譯文：員工醵出額即使很小也能有助于評估員工福利方案真正被接受支持之普遍程度英文：Know the benefit plans of the companies with whom you compete for labor.譯文：應(yīng)深切了解在人力市場上與自己公司互相競爭的同業(yè)公司之員工福利計劃英文：Benefit consultants and brokers are not efficiency replacements for in-house stall functions.譯文：福利顧問和經(jīng)紀人無法有效取代內(nèi)部專業(yè)職員之功能英文：Collective bargaining of employee benefits should involve corporate benefit professionals.譯文：員工福利在集體議商制定時，公司的福利專業(yè)人員應(yīng)積極涉入?yún)⑴c英文：Legislation and regulation are intensifying in the employee benefit field. Make your companys opinions known to the government before legislation is enacted.譯文：政府之立法和管理規(guī)定對員工福利具有重大實質(zhì)之影響故立法通過和執(zhí)行前，自己企業(yè)公司之意見應(yīng)讓政府單位知道退休年準則【準則條文】英文：The ultimate cost of any pension plan is equal to the benefits paid, plus the cost of administration, less any investment earning of the fund.譯文：任何退休計劃終極本等于給付支出額加上行政處理費用扣除資金之投資收益英文：For the most part different actuarial methods and/ or assumptions may alter the incidence of cost, but seldom alter the ultimate level of cost.譯文：對于大部份不同的精算成本方法和（或）精算假設(shè)也許改變了每年退休成本的偶然不同性，但很少改變終極成本之水平英文：Clearly identify your corporate objectives with respect to your retirement program.譯文：明確確認公司目標與退休計劃方案之關(guān)系英文：Recognize that retirement plans are long-term obligations which will span many political, economic and social environments.譯文：確認退休計劃是屬長期之責(zé)任義務(wù)，這種計劃涵蓋了許多政治的、經(jīng)濟的和社會的層面環(huán)境英文：Identify the nature and extent of pension liability prior to any acquisition or divestiture.譯文：做任何有關(guān)退休債務(wù)之取或舍之決定前，應(yīng)認清該退休債務(wù)之性質(zhì)和程度范圍英文：Establish formal investment objectives with respect to your pension funds which define risk , diversification and absolute performance parameters.譯文：應(yīng)正式以書面建立與退休基金有關(guān)之投資目標，此目標應(yīng)包括投資所可能產(chǎn)生風(fēng)險之范圍，投資項目之多元化之內(nèi)容和肯定會影響投資績效之因素有那些英文：Monitor the performance of your pension fund in the context of your investment objectives譯文：應(yīng)以投資書面目標評估退休基金之投資績效英文：Identify and monitor your corporate exposure as a result of participation in any industry wide multiemployer pension plans.譯文：辨認和評估因參加任何同業(yè)之合同退休計劃所可能產(chǎn)生之不利影響國際性風(fēng)險管理準則【準則條文】英文：Multinational organizations should step up to their international risk management responsibilities.譯文：多國籍企業(yè)應(yīng)逐步提升國際性風(fēng)險管理之責(zé)任英文：Establish a worldwide risk and insurance management program; dont rely totally on a difference-in-conditions approach.譯文：多國籍企業(yè)應(yīng)設(shè)立全球性風(fēng)險和保險管理規(guī)劃方案；不可完全抑賴條款差異保險英文：A combination of admitted and non-admitted insurance usually provides the best world wide insurance program.譯文：被認可保險與不被認可保險之組合通常提供了最佳的全球性保險計劃英文：Avoid the use of long-term policies overseas.譯文：避免使用海外之長期保單英文：Be sensitive to and dont underestimate nationalism when implementing a worldwide risk management program.譯文：在執(zhí)行全球性風(fēng)險管理方案時，尤需保持警覺，并且不能低估國家主義所致之嚴重問題英文：Dont ignore local objections to worldwide programs.譯文：不要忽視海外當(dāng)?shù)貙θ蛐杂媱澐桨钢磳︼L(fēng)險管理行政準則【準則條文】英文：Establish a level of authority via management policy statement.譯文：透過一份管理策略說明書建立起不同的權(quán)責(zé)標準英文：Prepare and universally distribute a corporate risk management manual.譯文：編制并普通分發(fā)公司的風(fēng)險管理手冊英文：Set up realistic annual objectives with your brokers, underwriters and vendors and measure their accomplishments and results.譯文：與您的經(jīng)紀人，保險人和廠商設(shè)立實際具體可完成之年度目標俾便評估其成效和結(jié)果英文：Verify the accuracy of all relevant information you receive.譯文：應(yīng)證實您所獲取所有有關(guān)信息之精確性英文：Read every insurance policy carefully譯文：仔細閱讀每一張保險單英文：Keep program design simple譯文：應(yīng)盡量保持風(fēng)險管理方案設(shè)計之簡明化英文：Consolidate-where it makes sense to do so譯文：如果行政工作程序合并簡化具積極意義時就該合并英文：Develop record retention procedures譯文：應(yīng)發(fā)展一套紀錄保存之程序英文：Keep intercom any premium allocation confidential. 譯文：公司單位部門間之保費分攤應(yīng)使人信服英文：Establish administrative procedures in writing譯文：應(yīng)以書面建立行政處理程序風(fēng)險管理技巧準則【準則條文】英文：Insurance policy provisions should be uniform as to named insured, notice and cancellation clauses, territory, etc.譯文：保單條款中有關(guān)記名被保人、通知和注銷條款、投保區(qū)域之規(guī)定等應(yīng)求取一致英文：The “notice ”provision in all insurance policies should be modified to mean notice to a specific individual譯文：所有保單中之“通知”條款應(yīng)被修訂成通知特定單位或個人之通知條款英文：Primary policies with annual aggregates should have policy periods which coincide with excess policies譯文：年度累積式基本保單之期間應(yīng)與超額保單期間一致英文：Joint loss agreements should be obtained from fire and boiler and machinery insurers.譯文：應(yīng)取得火災(zāi)和鍋爐機械保險之聯(lián)合共同損失協(xié)議條款英文：Add “drive other car” protection to your corporate automobile insuracne譯文：公司的汽車保險方案中應(yīng)加入“駕駛他車”之保障條款英文：Eliminate coinsurance clauses.譯文：應(yīng)消除共保條款英文：Know the implications of and difference between “claims made” and “pay on behalf of” liability contracts.譯文：應(yīng)該認識清楚“請求索賠”責(zé)任保單和“代被保人賠償”責(zé)任保單之涵義和其間之區(qū)別英文：Risks accepted under contracts are not necessarily covered under contractual liability coverage譯文：透過契約而承受的風(fēng)險不一定需由契約責(zé)任保險來承保英文：Add employees as insureds to liability contracts. Use discretionary language to avoid defending hostile persons.譯文：應(yīng)將員工納入責(zé)任保險之被保人中并采用較為廣義彈性之用語以避免并防范懷有惡意之他人風(fēng)險管理溝通準則【準則條文】英文：All communication providing or requesting information should be expressed in clear, objective language, leaving no room for individual interpretation.譯文：溝通上所要提供之信息或所需之信息均應(yīng)以明確且客觀之用語顯示，千萬勿令人有兩可解釋之余地英文：All communications and relationships should be conducted with due consideration to proprietary information.譯文：所有之溝通及工作關(guān)系應(yīng)充份尊重考慮最高負責(zé)人意思后才予實施英文：Communicate effectively up and down and avoid management surprises譯文：溝通應(yīng)有效地做到上聞下達之地步并避免令管理人員聞訊后感到訝異英文：Dont tell senior management anything-ask them, counsel them, inform them.譯文：對最高管理階層人員千萬勿用告訴字眼而是用請問、建議、通知他們之字眼英文：Communicate in business language, avoid insurance jargon.譯文：應(yīng)以一般商業(yè)用語溝通，避免用艱深之保險術(shù)語英文：Obtain letters of intent or interpretations regarding agreements(coverage or administration) which are outside of and/or in addition to actual insurance or service contracts. Never rely on verbal agreements.譯文：對于保險契約或服務(wù)契約本身外的協(xié)議或額外的協(xié)議（保障或行政事項），應(yīng)確實獲得有關(guān)解釋說明之書面文件絶對不可依賴口頭上之協(xié)議來行事英文：The immediate supervisor to the ri