必修3 Module3 The Violence of Nature單元重難知識點總結(jié).doc

Unit 3. The Violence of Nature一. 重點詞匯及拓展 1. disaster n災(zāi)難2.result vt.引起；導(dǎo)致3furniture n家具4.bury vt.埋葬5occur vi.發(fā)生6.strike vt. & n襲擊7destroy vt.毀壞8.previous adj.以前的9damage n. & v損失；損害10violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的violence n暴力 11. erupt vi.(火山的)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)eruption n爆發(fā)12possibility n可能；可能性possible adj.可能的probable adj.可能的(近義詞)13terrifying adj.恐懼的terrified adj.害怕的terrify vt.使害怕14experience vt.經(jīng)歷experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗的 二. 重點短語 1.refer to提到；查詢2pick up 拿起，拾起，搭載3take.off.去掉 4on average平均5warn sb.of警告某人 6set fire to縱火燒 7. put out撲滅8in all總共9be active in 積極 10take place發(fā)生11find out弄清楚12end up in以告終 三. 重點句型1.On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.平均來說，美國每年發(fā)生大約800次龍卷風(fēng)，造成大約80人死亡，1 500人受傷。2By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.風(fēng)停時，已有700多人死亡，2 700人受傷。3Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean，only 16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide.蒙特塞拉特島是加勒比海上的一個美麗的小島，長僅16千米，寬10千米。 四. 語法 1.Past perfect passive(過去完成時的被動語態(tài))2.Indirect speech(間接引語) 一. 重點詞匯及拓展 1experience nU經(jīng)驗，體驗；C經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)歷的事； vt.經(jīng)歷，體驗；感受歸納拓展(1)have much teaching/working experience教學(xué)/工作經(jīng)驗豐富learn by/from experience 從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)experience in/of在方面有經(jīng)驗in ones experience據(jù)某人經(jīng)驗看 (2)experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗的，老練的be experienced in 在方面老練/有經(jīng)驗例句：Mr Brown has_.Mr Brown has much experience in teaching/working.布朗先生有30年的教學(xué)/工作經(jīng)驗。 He _ in money matters.他是處理金融事務(wù)的老手。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Human beings have five senses for _ the world around them.Aexperiment Bexperience Cexperimenting Dexperiencing 2bury vt.埋葬，埋藏，用某物覆蓋；從記憶中除去，忘記歸納拓展bury sb.in/at sth.將某人埋葬在bury sth.under/beneath sth.將埋在下面bury ones face in hands用手捂住臉 例句：The climbers_.登山者被埋在一堆巖石中。She_ and wept.她雙手掩面哭了起來。After the divorce，she _.離婚后她埋頭于工作。8 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】He _ his head under his pillow because of the noise from upstairs. But he still couldnt _ asleep.Aburied；go Bplaced；went Cburied；fall Dlaid；go to 3occur vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；(想法、念頭等)浮現(xiàn)，想起歸納拓展(1)If anything should occur.如果發(fā)生什么事情的話It occurred to sb. that.某人剛剛想到sth.occurs to sb.某事浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中；某人想到(2)occurrent adj.正在發(fā)生的，偶然發(fā)生的occurrence n發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，事件，發(fā)生的事情 例句：_I would travel to Europe.我突然想到要到歐洲旅游。An excellent idea _when I woke up this morning.今天早晨起床時，我突然想到一個絕妙的主意。I suppose it never_to phone the police?我想你壓根兒就沒想到給警方打電話吧？ 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Why are you so late?I was in half the way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to fetch it.Aoccurred Bhit Chappened Dreminded用happen，occur，take place完成句子How did the accident_?Just as I was leaving the house it _to me that I had forgotten my keys. Great changes have_ in China in the last 20 years.4strike(struck；struck/stricken)vt.打；(災(zāi)難、暴風(fēng)雨等)襲擊；侵襲；使突然發(fā)生；到達(dá)vt.&vi.碰上，碰撞；突然想到vt.給以印象；打動某人的心(常用被動結(jié)構(gòu))；感動vt.(鐘)敲響；劃(火柴)n罷工歸納拓展(1)strike sb.in/onthe身體部位打某人某處be struck by/on/with.被打動，迷戀(2)be on strike在罷工go on strike舉行罷工 例句：Many people didnt have any preparation in their minds when the earthquake _.當(dāng)?shù)卣鹨u擊城市時，很多人根本沒有思想準(zhǔn)備。The visitors _.游客們被鄉(xiāng)村的美麗打動了。The church clock _ when I reached the village.當(dāng)我到達(dá)村莊時，教堂的鐘敲了11下。A snowball_.一個雪球打在他的頭上。A good idea _.經(jīng)理忽然想到了一個好主意。 Within half an hour，all the drivers were out_.半個小時內(nèi)，所有的司機都出去罷工了。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I washed it in hot water. It never_to me to check the label.Astruck Bhappened Coccurred Drealized 5ruin vt.毀壞，使破產(chǎn)n毀壞，毀滅；破產(chǎn)，垮臺；(pl.)廢墟；遺跡歸納拓展(1)ruin oneself毀掉自己(2)in ruins成為廢墟be the ruin of成為毀滅/墮落的原因bring.to ruin使毀滅；使沒落go to/fall to/come to ruin毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉 例句：He knocked over a bottle of ink and _.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄臟了。Alcohol and drugs almost _.酒精和毒品幾乎毀掉了他的事業(yè)。Whole blocks of the city were _ after war.戰(zhàn)后這座城市所有的街區(qū)成為一片廢墟。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The houses across the street are _，but they were in good condition a few years ago.Ain rows Bin ruins Cin number Din detail 6damage n損害，破壞vt.使受損；破壞歸納拓展(1)the damage to.對的損害do/cause damage to sth.對某物造成損害；使某物受到損害costs for damage損害賠償費(2)damage ones health/reputation損害某人的健康/名譽例句：The storm _ the crops.暴風(fēng)雨使莊稼遭受了很大損失。The earthquake_.地震使這座橋遭受嚴(yán)重破壞。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】用damage，destroy與ruin填空I _ my shoes in football practice today.The building was completely _ by fire.She poured some ink all over my new drawing and _ it. 二. 重點短語1pick up 拾起，拿起；(無意中)學(xué)會、獲得信息；收聽，收到；收拾，整理；(車輛等)中途搭人，中途載貨；取物；加速歸納拓展pick at一點兒一點兒地吃pick on選擇；針對；挑中(某人)(作挨罵或受罰對象)pick out選出；認(rèn)出例句：Lets _ the room before the meeting starts at two oclock.讓我們在兩點鐘開會前把這房間整理好。 The women _ in the nursery on their way home from the factory.婦女們在從工廠回家的路上到托兒所接回她們的孩子。You are great to have _ when you were in France.你居然在法國時自己學(xué)會了法語，真了不起。I _ every day.我每天收聽“英國BBC”廣播。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I_a flu when I was on a spring outing with my classmates.Acaught up Bpicked up Ctook up Dbrought upShe _ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.Apicked out Bmade out Cmade up Dpicked up 2end up in以結(jié)束，以告終歸納拓展(1)end (up) in failure/victory/a draw以失敗/勝利/平局結(jié)束(強調(diào)在某種結(jié)果中結(jié)束，用in)end (up) with good wishes以美好的祝愿結(jié)尾(end up with多指以某種方式結(jié)束)end up結(jié)果為，以結(jié)束(尤指意料之外)(2)on end豎立，筆直地，連續(xù)地come to an end到頭了，結(jié)束了put/bring.to an end使終止from beginning to end從頭到尾，自始至終 例句：Hell _ if hes not careful.如果他不小心，最后會鋃鐺入獄的。The film_ the heroine dying.在電影結(jié)束時，女主角去世了。The meeting _.會議結(jié)束了。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】On Christmas eve, the English evening_singing the song “The Unforgettable Tonight”Acame up Bdrew up Cran up Dended up 3in all總共，總計歸納拓展above all首先，最重要的是after all畢竟，終究at all在肯定句、疑問句中意為“竟然，終于”；在否定句中意為“一點兒也不，根本不”；在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中，意為“既然”。first of all首先，最先 例句：You have four apples and I have three bananas，making seven pieces of fruit _.你有4個蘋果，我有3個香蕉，總共有7個水果。He doesnt go to see his father often，_，he is very busy with his work.他不常去看他的父親，畢竟他是忙于工作。Well，_we cant possibly spare the time.你看，最主要的是我們實在抽不出時間。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】There were more than two hundred people _ at his wedding ceremony.Aafter all Bin all Cat all Dabove all Although he had to spend lots of money for going to the ball，he accepted the invitation._ the ball was important to him.AAfter all BIn all CFirst of all DAbove all 三. 重點句型1On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.美國每年平均會發(fā)生800多次龍卷風(fēng)，造成大約80多人死亡，1 500人受傷。歸納拓展(1)句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示結(jié)果。(2)分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。邏輯主語與分詞是主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞。 (3)現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，還可以表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨等。例句：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后將門隨手關(guān)上。He died，leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五個孩子。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_in the natural light during the day.Ato let Bletting Clet Dhaving letThe direct flight has proved successful，_Taiwan another tourist destination for people on the mainland.Amade Bmaking Cmake Dmakes 2Montserrat is a beautiful small island in the Caribbean，only 16 kilometres long and 10 kilometres wide.蒙塞拉特島是加勒比海上的一個美麗的小島，僅長16千米，寬10千米。歸納拓展表示“長、寬、深、高、厚、年齡”等的句型：(1)主語be數(shù)詞單位詞復(fù)數(shù)形容詞(如long/wide/high/tall/thick/deep/old等)(2)主語be數(shù)詞單位詞復(fù)數(shù)in名詞(如length/width/height/depth/age等) (3)This is a數(shù)詞單位詞單數(shù)形容詞名詞例句：The bridge is 200 metres long._.=_. 這座橋長200米。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The two boys are both 1.80 metres _ height，but they are not _ the same age.Ain；of Bof；in Cof；of Din；in 四. 語法1過去完成時和過去完成時的被動語態(tài)(1)過去完成時由“助動詞had過去分詞”構(gòu)成。用法如下：表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作。它表示這個動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”；這一過去時間可用by，at，before等構(gòu)成的短語或when，after，until等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文來表示。例句：By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun to make a living by himself.到了12歲時，愛迪生已經(jīng)開始自己謀生了。 表示從過去某一時間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作。這個動作可能還要延續(xù)下去。常和for或since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。例句：He had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to Boston.他搬到波士頓之前在紐約住了十年。用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句。例句：If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天看見你，他就會問這件事了。 用在間接引語或賓語從句中。放在像said，told，thought，wondered等動詞過去時的后面，表示在這些動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為。例句：My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告訴我他已經(jīng)通過了考試。用在“It was the first/second time that.”句型中。此句型中主句用一般過去時，that引導(dǎo)的從句用過去完成時。例句：It was the first time (that) we had spoken together.這是我們第一次在一起說話。 (2)過去完成時的被動式表示動作在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已完成，且謂語動詞與發(fā)出這一動作的主語存在被動關(guān)系。句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語had been done其他”。與by過去時間搭配的被動語態(tài)用過去完成時。例句：By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished.當(dāng)他趕到學(xué)校的時候，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)上完了。 在say，report，ask等動詞之后的賓語從句中，若表示過去某一被動動作時，用過去完成時。例句：The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the hurricane.媒體報道說有一千多人在颶風(fēng)中喪生。根據(jù)語意可以判斷出動作先后的被動語態(tài)，用過去完成時。例句：As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.因為作業(yè)已經(jīng)完成，他上網(wǎng)查閱一些資料。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】It was reported that Mr Smith_by the police for driving his car while drunk.Akilled Bhad been shot Ccaught Dhad been caughtI was shocked to hear that your house _into.Awas broken Bbroke Chad been broken Dhave been brokenHis earlier concert in Shanghai _ a big success.It was the first time the Taiwan singer _ a concert on the mainland.Ais；held Bwas；held Chad been；would hold Dw