小升初英語語法-冠詞.doc

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考二、冠詞冠詞有不定冠詞(a, an )和定冠詞(the)兩種, 常放在名詞的前面, 用來限定名詞的意義, 起泛指或特指的作用。(一) 不定冠詞的用法：不定冠詞a / an用在單數(shù)名詞的前面，a用在輔音開頭的詞前面，an用在元音開頭的詞的前面。1) 用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，指人或事物的某一種類，以區(qū)別于其他種類，例如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人強(qiáng)壯多了。)(不能譯為：一頭大象比一個(gè)人強(qiáng)壯。) She is a girl. Pass me an apple, please.2) 指某人或某物, 但不具體說明何人或何物（非特指），例如： A boy is waiting for you We work six days a week.There is a dog lying on the ground.3) 表示 “一”這個(gè)數(shù)量, 但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈，例如: We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.4) 用于某些固定的詞組中.例如: a bit(一點(diǎn)), a little(一點(diǎn)), a few(幾個(gè)), a lot (許多), a kind of(一種), a pair of(一副、一雙), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一張、一片), half an hour(半小時(shí)), have a good time(玩得開心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一會(huì)兒,等等。5) 用于quite a(an), many a(an), half a(an), what a(an), such a(an) many a/an +單數(shù)名詞=many +復(fù)數(shù)名詞many a student=many students 許多學(xué)生, 但是many a/an +單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.【注】: 用a還是an, 要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭. 特別注意“數(shù)字”和“字母”，如：數(shù)字8 eight，18 eighteen，80 - eighty（包括80多、800多），11- eleven 字母 a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x A a ei, E e i:, F f ef, H h eit, I i ai, L l el, M m em, N n en, O o u, R r :, S s es, X x eksB b bi:, C c si:, D d di:, G g di:, J j dei K, k kei, P p pi:, Q q kju:, T t ti:,U u ju:, V v vi:, W w dblju:, Y y wai, Z z zi:zed 特別需要注意的詞：English，idea，orange，umbrella，old，arthour，university，useful，uniform，(二) 定冠詞的用法：定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，例如：the photo of the boyThe man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克)2) 指雙方都知道的人或物.例如: - Where are the new books, Jim? - They are on the small table.Look at the blackboard, Lily. (莉莉, 請(qǐng)看黑板。)3) 指上文提過的人或物，例如： Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(樹下有個(gè)人, 那個(gè)人叫羅伯特。)4) 用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前, 例如： The sun is bigger than the moon.The earth turns around the sun.(地球繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。)5) 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前.例如：【注意】：副詞最高級(jí)前不加，序數(shù)詞前有形物代時(shí)不加 The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The third one is carrying the fewest of all.Who is the first one to go? (誰第一個(gè)去？) Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近)6) 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前, 例如: the Great Wall the Spring Festivalthe United States of America7) 用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。例如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains. (我從來沒有去過喜馬拉雅山)8) 用在樂器前面（西洋樂器），例如：play the violin, play the guitar, play the piano9) 用與形容詞和分詞前表示一類人，表復(fù)數(shù)（加復(fù)數(shù)謂語），例如：the old, the young, the poor, the rich10) 表示“一家人”，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)用法與family類似，例如：the Greens, the Zhangs11) 用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞前，例如：in the east，on the shoulder12) 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的每個(gè)年代，例如：in the 1990s（二十世紀(jì)九十年代）13) 用在一些習(xí)慣用語中, 例如: in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the left (right) at the end of / in the end(最后) by the way(順便說一下)on the way(在路上)the sameall the time(一直) the whole time(三) 不用冠詞的情況1）在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前（第一次使用）。例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milkChina is a very large country.(中國是個(gè)大國) Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水)2）名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時(shí)，如this, that, my, your, some, any, another等。例如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了) The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day.3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)（泛指）。例如： My father and mother are teachers.Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聰明)I like cakes.4）在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日、三餐、球類、棋類、語言、學(xué)科的名稱前。例如： It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.) Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter.He went to school after breakfast. Can you play basketball?We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我們?cè)诩页栽顼?在校吃午飯)The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)5）在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如： Uncle Wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs Greens shoes?6）與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前，例如：on footby train, by air, by bus, by bike, by plane, by ship, by coach, by sea7）以and連接的連個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)，例如：knife and fork, day and night, husband and wife【注意】：在某些固定詞組中，如：at home, go to school, go to bed, in bed, in hospital, in class, after class, at noon等的名詞前不用冠詞。(1) at / to / from / out of / after / for school;(2) in / to / for / after class(3) in / to / out of / into bed(4) after / at/ from / out of / to work(5) at / from home(6) at night/noon/midnight(7) go to school/bed(8) on top of(9) in front of(10) on show/display/duty/watch(11) in / out of hospital(12) at all(13) on/in time(14) at first/last/once(15) in Chinese/English(16) take care of8）在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別：in front of 在前面 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里 in the front of 在范圍內(nèi)的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 go to bed / go to the bedgo to school / go to the school【冠詞練習(xí)】：1. Theres _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A. an,an B. a, a C. an, the D. a, the 【例題解析】：1. _ milk is food. _ milk in this cup has gone bad.2. -Do you like playing _ football? -Yes. But I have only _ basketball.3. Do you know _girl on _another side of _ lake?4. Theres _ “u” and _ “s” in _word “use”.5. She says _animals cants live without _air, either.6. His father, who is _honest man, is teaching in _ university.7. Which is heavier, _elephant or _ horse?8. _ cold wind was blowing from the north.9. He is always ready to help _ old and _ young.10. _ Greens are traveling in _ South China.11. Although _most of us like to drink beer, those who drink _most are _least healthy.12. Xiaomei saw _ interesting film last night. _ film was about _ kind doctor.13. You can have _ second try if you fail _ first time.14. Tom went to _school as usual, but he didnt know his father went to _school for a parent meeting.15. _ knowledge begins with _ practice.練習(xí)與鞏固： 一、在空白處填入a / an 或the。1. -Mum, what shall we have for _dinner? -Dumplings. -Oh, what _ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.2. _ PLA（Peoples Liberation Army）was founded on _August 1st, 19273. _ Kings came to us at _ noon.4. The scientists from _ United States live in _ Ninth Street.5. The doctor to him, “Take _ medicine twice _day. Stay in _ bed and youll be better soon.”6. September 10th is _ Teachers Day.7. Mr. Black arrived here on _ Tuesday morning.8. There are four seasons in _year. _ first season is spring. It is _best one of _ four.9. Some people have been to _moon, in _ spaceship.10. _ China is _ old country with _ long history11. They are living _happy life now.12. _bag on _desk is mine.13. There is _empty box on the table.14. Do you like _music of the film “Titanic”?15. On _Saturday, I stay in _bed till 12:00.16. _Browns have been to China twice.17. Dont make any noise in _class.18. This is such _interesting story that you must listen to it.19. Next week they will go to Australia by _air.20. Which is bigger, _sun or _moon?三、在空白處填入a / an或the。1. This morning I bought _ newspaper and _ magazine. _ newspaper is in my bag but I dont know where I put _ magazine.2. I saw _ accident this morning. _ car crashed into _ tree. _ driver of _ car wasnt hurt but _ car was badly damaged.3. There are two cars parked outside: _ blue one and