高級(jí)英語(yǔ)An_Interactive_Life翻譯.doc

課文 An Interactive Life It will put the world at your fingertips, changing the ways you shop, play and learn. But when will the future arrive? Barbara Kantrowitz with Joshua Cooper Ramo To get an idea of what the future might bring, step into the past. At the Edison National Historical Site in West Orange, N. J., theres a room full of a dozen old phonograph machines. Some were built by Thomas Edison, who invented recorded sound in 1877, and others were produced by competitors. In the decades represented by the display, the concept and purpose of sound recording changed dramatically. Edison conceived of his phonograph as a business machine that would help people in distant places communicate. He intended to record voices nothing more. His competitors envisionedthe greater potential for entertainment and art. Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven. 由過(guò)去的歷史可以推知未來(lái)。在新澤西州西奧蘭治鎮(zhèn)的愛(ài)迪生國(guó)家歷史紀(jì)念館里，有一個(gè)陳列留聲機(jī)的展廳，里面陳列了十二臺(tái)老式留聲機(jī)。這些留聲機(jī)有些是由托馬斯?愛(ài)迪生制造的，正是他于1877年發(fā)明了留聲技術(shù)；而另外的一些則是那些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手們制造的。在這些展出的留聲機(jī)所反映的那幾十年的歷史中，留聲技術(shù)的概念和功用發(fā)生了巨大的變化。在愛(ài)迪生的認(rèn)識(shí)里，留聲機(jī)就是一種能幫助遠(yuǎn)隔兩地的人們進(jìn)行通訊交流的工具。他只想要錄下人們的聲音一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)想到別的，但那些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者們卻想到了它在娛樂(lè)和藝術(shù)方面的更大發(fā)展?jié)摿?。?ài)迪生從留聲機(jī)里看到了備忘記事本，別人卻從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了貝多芬。 Someday, there may well be a similar memorial to the unfulfilled prophecies of the creators of the latest breakthrough - interactivity. Will it really change the world? With so much big money and so many big dreams pinned to an idea that is still largely on the drawing boards, theres no limit to the hype . Simply put, the ultimate promise is this: a huge amount of information available to anyone at the touch of a button, everything from airline schedules to esoteric scientific journals to video versions at oft-oft-off Broadway. Watching a movie wont be a passive experience. At various points, youll click on alternative story lines and create your individualized version of Terminator X II. Consumers will send as well as receive all kinds of data. Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy. Beam it out and make a small fortune by charging an untold number of viewers a tee for watching. Peter Jennings would be obsolete . Video-camera owners could record news they see and put it on the universal network. On the receiving end, the era of the no-brainer will have finally arrived. An electronic device called an intelligent agent would be programmed to know each viewers preferences and make selections from the endless stream of data. Viewers could select whatever they wanted just by pushing a button.將來(lái)某一天，完全有可能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)類似的紀(jì)念館來(lái)紀(jì)念最新的突破性技術(shù)互相作用技術(shù)發(fā)明者們的尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)真的能夠改變世界嗎?一個(gè)尚處于理論設(shè)計(jì)階段的技術(shù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃既得到巨額的資金投入，又成為人們無(wú)限的期望所系，也無(wú)怪乎其能夠轟動(dòng)一時(shí)了。其實(shí)，說(shuō)白了，這一計(jì)劃的最高期望目標(biāo)是：任何人只要觸動(dòng)一個(gè)按鈕即可得到大量的信息從航空班機(jī)時(shí)刻表到深?yuàn)W的專業(yè)雜志到最最新百老匯戲劇實(shí)驗(yàn)中心的戲劇錄像節(jié)目，各種信息應(yīng)有盡有?？措娪皩⒉辉偈且环N消極被動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷。你司以一邊看，一邊隨意改動(dòng)任何一處的故事情節(jié)從而創(chuàng)造出具有自己的個(gè)人風(fēng)格的“終結(jié)者12號(hào)”節(jié)目來(lái)。消費(fèi)者既能夠接收，也可以發(fā)送各種各樣的信息。例如，你若能拍攝一部你認(rèn)為很有藝術(shù)價(jià)值的錄像片，將它播放出去，便可以通過(guò)向那些為數(shù)不少的觀看該片者收費(fèi)而發(fā)一筆小財(cái)。彼得?杰寧斯將不再聞名，所有持有攝像機(jī)的人都可以自己攝制新聞節(jié)目，然后通過(guò)環(huán)球通用信息網(wǎng)播放出去。而對(duì)于收看節(jié)目的人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)需費(fèi)力調(diào)頻道選節(jié)目的時(shí)代終于到來(lái)。一種稱作“智能助手”的電子裝置可以通過(guò)編制好的程序掌握各個(gè)觀看者的選擇意向?qū)o(wú)窮無(wú)盡的節(jié)目信息進(jìn)行選擇。觀看者只需按一下按鈕就可得到想要的節(jié)目。 Sounds great in theory, but even the truest believers have a hard time when it comes to nailing down specifics about how it will actually work. Will we control the data via the telephone, the TV, the personal computer or a combination of all of the above? When will it be available? Will it be cheap enough for everyone? How will we negotiate such a mass of images, facts and figures and still find time to sleep? Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway? And, frankly, what do we need all this stuff for anyway?這在理論上聽(tīng)起來(lái)是棒極了，但一旦具體到究竟如何運(yùn)作時(shí)，就連最真誠(chéng)的信奉者也感到為難。我們是通過(guò)電話、電視、家用電腦，還是上述幾種方式的綜合運(yùn)用來(lái)支配資料?它何時(shí)可以上市?它能便宜到人人都能買得起嗎?我們?cè)鯓硬拍芴幚砣绱舜罅康膱D像、材料、數(shù)字而還有時(shí)間睡覺(jué)?政府會(huì)對(duì)通過(guò)這廣闊的信息公路發(fā)出的信息進(jìn)行調(diào)控嗎?而且，坦率地講，我們究竟要這些東西干什么呢? The quick answer is: no one knows. Were a long way from Wild Palms, says Diana Hawkins, who runs an interactive-TV consulting firm in Portola Valley, Calif. But even if the techno-chaos of that futuristic fantasy mini-series is far off, some consumers may indeed notice that their personal relationships with their TVs, telephones and computers will be entering a new and deeper phase within a year or two. Instead of playing rented tapes on their VCRs , they may be able to call up a movie from a library of thousands through a menu displayed on the TV. Game fanatics may be able to do the same from another electronic library filled with realistic video versions of arcade shoot-em-ups. In-stead of flipping through the pages of J. Crew of Victorias Secret, at-home shoppers may watch video catalogs with models demonstrating front and rear views of the latest gear. Some cable companies are also testing other interactive models that allow viewers to choose their own news or select camera angles for sporting events.可以毫不猶豫地回答：誰(shuí)也不知道?！耙_(dá)到野棕櫚里描寫的發(fā)展水平還有一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，”在加利福尼亞波托拉谷開(kāi)辦著一家互相作用電視咨詢公司的黛安娜?霍金斯這樣說(shuō)道。不過(guò)，就算這個(gè)未來(lái)主義的小小的科幻電視系列片中描寫的技術(shù)發(fā)展混亂現(xiàn)象還很遙遠(yuǎn)，但有些消費(fèi)者可能已經(jīng)真切地感覺(jué)到在一兩年的時(shí)間內(nèi)他們與電視機(jī)、電話和電腦之間的關(guān)系會(huì)進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的更高級(jí)的階段。他們將不必再去租錄像帶在錄像機(jī)上放映，而有可能從電視上顯示的成千上萬(wàn)的影片目錄上選取一部影片。對(duì)電視游戲感興趣的人也可以這樣來(lái)利用另外一種藏有大量逼真的槍戰(zhàn)游戲的電子資料館。想買衣服的人也不必去翻閱杰克魯服飾公司或是維多利亞服飾公司印制的新款式服裝介紹，坐在家里便可以從電視上看到模特兒全方位地展示最新款式服裝。一些有線電視公司也在探索其他的相互作用模式，設(shè)法使觀眾能按自己的興趣選看新聞或選擇觀看體育比賽的視角。 While these developments are clever, fun and even convenient, theyre not quite revolutionary. Denise Caruso, editor of Digital Media, a San Francisco-based industry newsletter, calls this fakeinteractive, just one step past passive viewing, pure couch-potato mode. In the most common version of this scheme, consumers will communicate with the TV through the combination of a control box and their remote control, or, perhaps, the telephone. To some degree, viewers already have accepted a certain amount of fake interactivity by channel surfing with their remotes, ordering pay-for-view movies and running up their credit-card bills on the Home Shopping Network.盡管這些發(fā)明創(chuàng)造很聰明，很有趣，甚至帶來(lái)很多便利，但還不算什么大的改革。設(shè)在舊金山的工業(yè)通訊雜志數(shù)字媒介的編輯丹尼斯?卡魯索把這稱作“假冒的相互作用”，只比被動(dòng)觀看前進(jìn)一步，純粹是一種懶散的老式觀看電視的風(fēng)尚。這一方案最常見(jiàn)的一種說(shuō)法就是消費(fèi)者通過(guò)一個(gè)操縱箱、他們的遙控器也許還有電話結(jié)合在一起，與電視溝通。在某種程度上，觀眾已接受了一部分假冒的相互作用，如用遙控器快速選擇頻道，預(yù)定付錢觀看的電視，以及利用居家購(gòu)物網(wǎng)購(gòu)物，以致信用卡帳單迅速上升。 Moving beyond phase one, into what Caruso calls true interactive, will require major changes in the technological and regulatory infrastructure . Todays television cables will likely be replaced by fiber-optic cables, which are capable of transmitting much more data at higher speeds. Either a government agency or the communications industry itself will have to set a performance standard so that different networks can connect with each other. At home, viewers may have to learn to use a TV monitor that functions more like a computer screen fronting for a gigantic hard disc full of all kinds of data, everything from games and movies to specially created programs.要跨過(guò)第一階段，進(jìn)入卡魯索所謂的“真正相互作用”階段，首先需要技術(shù)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面有較大的變化。今天所用的那種電視電線可能被光纖電纜所代替，因?yàn)楣饫w電纜的傳送信息量更大，傳送速度更快。為使不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)彼此連通，必須由政府機(jī)關(guān)或是通訊部門自己制定一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。電視接收器若是配上一個(gè)大容量硬盤，里面儲(chǔ)存從游戲節(jié)目到影片到各種特制節(jié)目等各種信息，那么電視接收器的功能便頗有點(diǎn)類似計(jì)算機(jī)顯示器屏幕了，觀眾們恐怕得經(jīng)過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)才會(huì)使用。 The shows of the future may be the technological great grandchildren of current CD-ROM titles. These are compact discs that store data instead of music and can play on either television or computer screens. To play CD-ROMs today, you need a special machine. There are at least four models on the market, and titles produced for one format wont play on another. CD-ROMs do provide e glimpse of what the future might hold, however. A number of companies, including Newsweek, are developing multimedia products that combine text, video, sound and still photographs. The result is what may someday be a powerful new medium With no set story line as in a book or magazine. Users pick and choose information that interests them. Philips Interactive, for example, has dozens of titles, among them a tour of the Smithsonian, in which the viewer selects which corridor to enter by clicking on the screen. Other titles: Jazz Glants, a musical history, and Escape from CyberCity, an animated adventure game.未來(lái)的節(jié)目可能是今天的CDROM(光盤只讀存儲(chǔ)器)視盤的技術(shù)后代。CD-ROM視盤是一種儲(chǔ)存各種其他信息而非音樂(lè)信息的光盤，它既可以在電視機(jī)屏幕上播放，也可以在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上播放。但今天放CD-ROM視盤需要用一種專用播放機(jī)，這種播放機(jī)市面上出售的至少有四種不同的型號(hào)，適于一種型號(hào)的播放機(jī)的視盤換到別種型號(hào)的播放機(jī)上便不能播放。盡管如此，現(xiàn)有的這種視盤還是有助于我們窺視未來(lái)技術(shù)發(fā)展的前景。包括新聞周刊出版公司在內(nèi)的許多家公司都在積極研制融圖文聲像于一體的多媒體產(chǎn)品。其結(jié)果也許是將來(lái)某一天研制出一種新的信息傳播媒體。這種新媒體不像一般書刊一樣有固定的信息內(nèi)容，使用者可以從中任意選取自己感興趣的信息。例如，菲利浦相互作用公司制作的幾十種多媒體光盤中有一種光盤的內(nèi)容是史密斯博物館導(dǎo)游，觀看者可通過(guò)屏幕操作選擇要游覽的陳列室。其他多媒體光盤有“爵士樂(lè)大師”和“逃出塞北城”等?！熬羰繕?lè)大師”是音樂(lè)史劇，“逃出塞北城”是驚險(xiǎn)動(dòng)畫游戲片。 Many investors are betting on entertainment as the most lucrative interactive market. But some industry observers predict the development of two parallel home markets, one catering to leisure activities and the other to businesses. Hawkins says the work-at-home market could be computer based and provide an outlet for teleconferencing and portable computing devices, like the Newton touted by Apple chairman John Soulley that can be carried in a pocket and runs on handwritten commands scribbled on a small screen. The entertainment market, primarily games and movies, would be centered on some kind of monitor.許多投資者認(rèn)定娛樂(lè)團(tuán)是相互作用產(chǎn)品的最有利可圖的市場(chǎng)，但一些研究工業(yè)發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)的專家則預(yù)言相互作用產(chǎn)品將向兩個(gè)平行方向發(fā)展，一為娛樂(lè)用品，一為辦公用品。霍金斯認(rèn)為，辦公用品將以電腦為主，也包括電話會(huì)議設(shè)備和便攜式計(jì)算器具，如蘋果電腦公司總裁約翰?斯考萊極力稱頌的牛頓便攜機(jī)，它可以裝入口袋中，可根據(jù)小屏幕上的手寫指令運(yùn)行。而主要是游戲和電影的娛樂(lè)產(chǎn)品則以某種監(jiān)視器為主。 If all this comes to pass - still a very big if - the next step could be what Digital Medias Caruso calls complete viewer control. She says consumers would be a little like information cowboys, rounding up data from computer-based archives and information services. There will be thousands of channels delivered, Caruso thinks, through some combination of cable, telephone, satellite and cellular networks . To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewer s will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rope in the subjects the viewer wants.假如這些都能變成現(xiàn)實(shí)這還是個(gè)很大的未知數(shù)下一步的目標(biāo)可能就是數(shù)字媒介雜志編輯卡魯索所謂的“完全觀眾控制”。她說(shuō)，消費(fèi)者將會(huì)有點(diǎn)像是信息“牛仔”，因?yàn)樗麄兿衽Ｗ汹s牛一樣從電腦檔案和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)中收集信息?？斔髡J(rèn)為，到那時(shí)信息傳播是多途徑的，電纜、電話、衛(wèi)星和蜂窩電話網(wǎng)結(jié)合使用。為避免被泛濫成災(zāi)的巨量信息弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向，消費(fèi)者必須使用電子信息選擇器來(lái)從大量信息中提取自己所需的內(nèi)容。 Carusos final frontier is what she calls video telephonya complete two-way link of video, audio and data. A user might stand in front of a monitor receiver and just talk and listen, communicating with whatever or whomever is Out There. Images and voices would be beamed back and forth. (At the very least, it would probably mean the end of anonymous obscene phone calls. ) There is no exact analogy to any technology weve seen before, says Red Burns, chair of the Interactive Telecommunications Program at New York University. Inter active means we are all involved. There is no viewer. Interactive is like a conversation.卡魯索的“最終目標(biāo)”是她所稱的電視電話，也就是一種集圖像、聲音和信息于一體的完全的雙向通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)技術(shù)。這種電話的使用者只需站在電視接收器前即可與對(duì)方通話，并且聲音和形象都能雙向傳遞。(這樣至少會(huì)結(jié)束打匿名猥褻電話的行為。)“我們以前所見(jiàn)的任何一項(xiàng)技術(shù)都不能與之相提并論，”紐約大學(xué)相互作用通訊工程研究室主任雷德?伯恩說(shuō)?！跋嗷プ饔靡馕吨覀兇蠹胰紖⑴c其中，沒(méi)有誰(shuí)是旁觀者。相互作用即是相互交流。” Interactivity may be the biggest buzzword of the moment, but convergence is a close second. It means different things to different people. To the moneymen, it means that everything will come together and theyll clean up. To scientists, it means that the technology has reached a critical point where fantasy could now become reality. Nicholas Negroponte, director of MITs Media Lab, a leading think tank in this new world, remembers that back in the 1970s, a government agency gave him a grant on the condition that he remove the word multimedia from his proposal. They were afraid we would get one of Senator Proxmires Golden Fleece awards, he says. Now, politicians, from President Clinton on down, are falling over themselves to proclaim support for the new medium.“相互作用”可能是目前使用頻率最高的詞，而“輻合”則緊隨其后。該詞的含義因人而異。對(duì)于金融家來(lái)說(shuō)，它意味著一切都會(huì)趨于集中，而他們即可囊括一切。對(duì)科學(xué)家們來(lái)說(shuō)，它意味著科學(xué)技術(shù)已發(fā)展到了使幻想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的臨界點(diǎn)。這一新領(lǐng)域的第一號(hào)智囊?guī)炻槭±砉W(xué)院媒介實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任尼古拉?尼格羅邦特回憶說(shuō)，七十年代中，某政府機(jī)構(gòu)在撥款支持他的研究計(jì)劃時(shí)曾附加條件令他勿用“多媒體”一詞?！八麄兣挛覀儠?huì)得到(參議員)普羅斯麥的金羊毛獎(jiǎng)，”他說(shuō)。但如今，自克林頓總統(tǒng)起，大小各級(jí)官員都紛紛表示他們支持這一新媒體。 These dreams are possible because researchers have made vast leaps in both the quality and quantity of data transmittal. In the past decade, the amount of data that could be put on a silicon chip has doubled every year while the price has been cut in half. In 1960, a high-quality transistorcost several dollars. Today a chip with the capacity of 4 million transistors costs about a tenth of a cent per transistor.這些夢(mèng)想之所以可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)是因?yàn)榭蒲腥藛T在技術(shù)上所取得的進(jìn)步使信息傳播在質(zhì)量上和數(shù)量上都大大提高了。最近十年中，集成電路片的信息儲(chǔ)存量每年要翻一番，而其價(jià)格則每年要減一半。1960年，一個(gè)高質(zhì)量晶體管價(jià)格要若干美元，而今一個(gè)容量相當(dāng)于400萬(wàn)個(gè)晶體管的集成電路片的價(jià)格約為每個(gè)晶體管110美分。 Transmission - putting that information into the hands of everyone who wants it - is also much more efficient. Until now, data have been sent as a series of electrical signals along wires or cables or through the air as radio waves. But as the amount of data and the demand for them have increased, these electronic highways have become clogged. The solution: fiber optics.信息傳輸將信息輸送到每個(gè)需要者手中的效率也有了很大提高。直到現(xiàn)在，信息一直是以一連串電子信號(hào)的方式通過(guò)電線傳輸或以電波的形式通過(guò)空氣傳輸。但隨著信息量和信息需求量的增多，這些電子運(yùn)輸公路已形成堵塞。解決問(wèn)題的辦法是使用光纖電纜。 Both of these developments are possible because of digitalization , a mathematical scheme that translates data into the simplest form. Called binary formatting, the sys-tem expresses numbers and letters in a code using only 1 and 0. The letter A, for example, could be 00000. Z would be 11001. Originally, this code was stored as on-or-off electrical charges along the standard wires and cables; now it can be transmitted as pulses of light on the fiber-op-tic cables. Bringing high-speed computers into the loop means that much more complicated information can be digitized: combinations of sound, still images, video and text. Multimedia is the wrong word, says MITs Negroponte. Everything has now become digitized, he says. We have created a unimedia, really. Bits are bits.這兩方面的發(fā)展提高全賴于數(shù)字編碼技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。數(shù)字編碼技術(shù)是將信息轉(zhuǎn)換成最簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字形式的數(shù)學(xué)方法。這種方法稱作二進(jìn)制數(shù)字排列法，任何數(shù)字或字母都可以通過(guò)一個(gè)由1和0組成的編碼來(lái)表示。比如，字母A可用00000表示，字母Z可用11001表示。起初，這種編碼是以時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)線或電纜的電荷存儲(chǔ)于計(jì)算機(jī)里的，而現(xiàn)在則可以光波的形式通過(guò)光纖電纜傳送。只要將高速計(jì)算機(jī)接上光纖電線，就可以用數(shù)字編碼方法來(lái)處理復(fù)雜得多的信息：聲音、靜止圖像、電視畫面和文字相結(jié)合的信息。麻省理工學(xué)院的尼格羅邦特認(rèn)為，“多媒體”一詞用得不當(dāng)。他說(shuō)，“現(xiàn)在什么都可以用數(shù)字編碼表示了。我們其實(shí)是創(chuàng)造了一種單媒體。數(shù)字可不能混淆。” At the Media Lab, Negroponte and other scientists are experimenting with the future. Pattie Maes, an expert in artificial intelligence, is trying to build some working intelligent agents. (At a recent Media Lab conference, an ac-tor dressed as a butler tool. the stage, playing the part of an agent. Thats interactive humor. ) In one program, Maes has created four icons on the computer screen representing agents with specific marching orders. For example, one dressed in a business suit seeks out business news. Al-though the agents are initially programmed, they actually learn by watching their masters preferences. She thinks that one day, agents may even communicate with agents from other users: Lets say both you and I like the same movie reviews. Our agents could get together and deter-mine that we also had other interests in common. ” (Imagine the conversation: Have I got a compatible user for you!)在麻省理工學(xué)院媒介實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，尼格羅邦特和其他科學(xué)家正對(duì)未來(lái)的需要進(jìn)行著實(shí)驗(yàn)研究工作。人工智能研究專家帕蒂?米斯正致力于研制一種有實(shí)用價(jià)值的“智能型助手”。(在最近一次媒介實(shí)驗(yàn)室科學(xué)研討會(huì)上，一個(gè)演員打扮成男管家，扮演智能助手的角色上臺(tái)演出，這是相互作用式的幽默。)在一道程序中，米斯在計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上創(chuàng)造出了四個(gè)人像，分別代表四個(gè)智能助手機(jī)器人而各有其具體的分工程序。比如，其中一個(gè)穿工作套服的智能助手機(jī)器人就負(fù)責(zé)搜尋業(yè)務(wù)信息。盡管這些機(jī)器人開(kāi)始是編了程序的，但它們后來(lái)卻可以通過(guò)觀察主人的愛(ài)好來(lái)學(xué)到知識(shí)。她認(rèn)為，終有一天，不同的用戶使用的智能助手機(jī)器人之間能夠互相進(jìn)行交流：“假如說(shuō)你我兩人都欣賞同樣的電影評(píng)論，我們的智能助手機(jī)器人見(jiàn)面交談后就會(huì)查知我們還有別的共同點(diǎn)?！?想一想這樣的對(duì)話 1 47該是多有意思：“我可為你物色到一個(gè)好用戶了吧!”) Maes and others concede that theres a dark side to all these bright dreams. Who will protect the privacy of consumers whose shopping, viewing and recreational habits are all fed into one cable-phone company data bank? And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind: spies who might like to keep tabs on the activities of your electronic butlers? Advertising companies see my presentations and get very excited, says Maes. Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information. Advertisers arent the only ones who could abuse the network if they were able to tap into it. The government could electronically spy on individuals; bosses could track employees.米斯和其他科學(xué)家都承認(rèn)這些光明的前景也有其陰暗的一面。消費(fèi)者購(gòu)物、觀看節(jié)目和娛樂(lè)等方面的興趣習(xí)慣全都通過(guò)電纜電話存儲(chǔ)于某個(gè)公司的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里，誰(shuí)來(lái)確保他們的隱私呢?而且，既然已有了智能助手，是否不久即會(huì)出現(xiàn)反助手，即時(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)視著你的電子管家的一舉一動(dòng)的間諜呢?“一些廣告公司看了我的報(bào)告后十分激動(dòng)，”米斯說(shuō)道。的確，智能助手可以源源不斷地為你提供寶貴的信息，成為信息的金礦。只要可以偷偷接通信息網(wǎng)，不僅廣告商可以濫用信息網(wǎng)，其他的人一樣可以濫用信息網(wǎng)。政府可以通過(guò)電子手段對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)行監(jiān)視，老板也同樣可以監(jiān)視雇員。 If the tolls for using the information highway are too high, interactivity may widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots, the rich and wired vs. the poor and un-plugged. Some plans call for charging hundreds of dollars for the black box in t