第六章、推理判斷題命題思路透析.doc

第六章、推理判斷題命題思路透析.txt看一個(gè)人的的心術(shù)，要看他的眼神；看一個(gè)人的身價(jià)，要看他的對(duì)手；看一個(gè)人的底牌，要看他的朋友。明天是世上增值最快的一塊土地，因它充滿了希望。第六章、推理判斷題命題思路透析Part I、命題規(guī)律透析 推理判斷題主要用來(lái)考查考生的推理和判斷的能力。它與細(xì)節(jié)題不同，一般題干所問(wèn)的問(wèn)題在閱讀文章中沒(méi)有直接且清晰的表述，因此不能在文章中找到現(xiàn)成的答案，而是要根據(jù)文章提供的信息來(lái)進(jìn)行推理?？忌枰C合利用文章中提供的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)并根據(jù)上下文提供的線索進(jìn)行邏輯分析，尤其要讀透文章字里行間的含義，即透過(guò)表面認(rèn)識(shí)本質(zhì)，從而通過(guò)自己的推理、判斷和引申來(lái)得出正確的認(rèn)識(shí)。推理判斷題涉及的文章內(nèi)容可能是一句話或幾句話、可能是一個(gè)或者兩三個(gè)段落、甚至也可能是整篇文章。因此，推理判斷題有較大的難度，也是考生失分較多的地方。 但是，考生要記住的是，推理判斷題考查的都是最簡(jiǎn)單的推理判斷能力，不會(huì)涉及到復(fù)雜的推理和判斷。推理判斷題的題干中一般都包含了若干標(biāo)志性詞匯，如suggest, imply, infer, show, conclude, assume, learn, see等，比較容易判斷。在做題時(shí)，一個(gè)總的原則就是要以原文的內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，既不能原搬照抄原文的意思，也不能撇開(kāi)原文的信息做空想的推理判斷。也就是說(shuō)，做推理判斷題的關(guān)鍵方法在于綜合分析原文中提供的相關(guān)信息，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行paraphrase。 根據(jù)推理判斷題的性質(zhì)和出題范圍，我們可以大致把這種題型分為三種類(lèi)別：1、局部推理題，即考查對(duì)于文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的判斷能力，如上文所說(shuō)，其對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容可以是文章的一句話或幾句話、抑或是一兩個(gè)段落，是相對(duì)比較容易快速定位的推理題，題干中經(jīng)常包含了以下一些詞匯，如the author believes that, the author implies that, according to the author等。2、全文推理題，這種題型一般不是考查對(duì)于全文中心思想的推理，同樣也是考查對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理，只不過(guò)是這些細(xì)節(jié)散布在文章的各個(gè)角落，需要考生進(jìn)行全面的歸納，同時(shí)題干中也經(jīng)常包含了以下詞匯， 如we can learn from the passage that, we can imply from the text that等。3、判斷題，這種題型是細(xì)節(jié)題和推理題的綜合 ，一般的問(wèn)法為which of the following is TURE，或者Which of the following is NOT true等，即正向判斷和反向判斷兩種方式，要求考生找到符合原文信息的選項(xiàng)，而且四個(gè)選項(xiàng)所涉及的內(nèi)容可能分布在文章各個(gè)段落，需要考生迅速定位并進(jìn)行推理判斷。推理判斷題常見(jiàn)表達(dá)方式1、局部推理題It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that . (2007)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . (2007)We can conclude from the last paragraph that . (2007)What can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3? (2007)It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that . (2006)We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that . (2006)What can we infer from the last paragraph? (2005)The statement “it is all too monkey” (last line, paragraph 1) implies that . (2005)Cartwright seems to suggest that . (2005)What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams? (2005)According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English . (2005)The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the authors . (2005)According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “China” a s . (2005)The 4th paragraph suggests that . (2004)Emerson, according to the text, is probably . (2004)What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? (2003)It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that . (2003)It can be learned from paragraph 4 that . (2003)The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are . (2002)From paragraph four we can infer that . (2001)The author believes that Futurist poetry is . (2000)It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . (1999)Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that . (1999)According to the author, basic computer skills should be . (1999)The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that . (1999)The author asserts that scientists . (1999)The author implies that the results of scientific research . (1999)In the view of Net purists, . (1999)It seems that some young scientists . (1999)We can conclude from the available statistics that . (1998)The author believe that . (1998)From the last paragraph we can infer that . (1997)It could be inferred from the last paragraph that . (1997)From the second paragraph we learn that . (1997)2、全文推理題The text suggests that immigrants now in the US . (2006)We can infer from the text that Americans have a history of . (2004)From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is . (2003)It can be inferred from the text that public services . (2002)We can infer from the passage that . (2001)What can be inferred from the passage? (2000)It could be inferred from the passage that in the authors country the European model of professional training is . (1999)3、判斷題Which of the following maybe required in an intelligence test? (2007)Which of the following is true of the text? (2006)To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely to agree? (2005)Which of the following is true according to the text? (2004) Which of the following is true according to the text? (2004)Which of the following statements is true according to the text? (2002)Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1? (2001)Which of the following is true according to the author? (2000)The panel agreed on all of the following EXCEPT that . (1999)Which of the following is true according to the passage? (1998)Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? (1998)According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? (1997)According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? (1997)推理判斷題常見(jiàn)出題位置1、文章的第一段和最后一段，以及每個(gè)段落的第一句話和最后一句話。2、某個(gè)或者某些段落的主題句（可能不是該段落的首句和末句）。3、文章中與中心思想關(guān)系密切的、起到重要支持作用的細(xì)節(jié)。4、文章中表示起承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞匯：如but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, indeed, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas, by comparison, so, therefore等。5、文章中出現(xiàn)的特殊句型，如同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、插入語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞、各種從句如定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等。6、文章中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：如also, as well, even, indeed, even more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, most of all等。推理判斷題正確答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)1、正確答案一般其內(nèi)容的含義比較豐富，更加具有綜合性和概括性，尤其是當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合常識(shí)或者題目意思的時(shí)候，意義最豐富的那個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案。2、正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，不會(huì)用絕對(duì)詞匯，而會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留下一些余地的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。3、正確答案有的時(shí)候反而是與我們通過(guò)常識(shí)判斷得出的結(jié)論是相反的。因此，如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)看上去與常識(shí)的判斷相符，而余下的那一個(gè)卻是反常識(shí)的，那么那個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案。推理判斷題干擾答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)1、選項(xiàng)中意思雖然與原文相符，但是只是涉及一些細(xì)枝末節(jié)，不符合題干。2、選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)表示絕對(duì)意義的詞匯。3、選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合常識(shí)判斷，但是卻無(wú)法通過(guò)文章的內(nèi)容推導(dǎo)出來(lái)。4、選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文無(wú)關(guān)。5、選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容作了張冠李戴的處理。6、選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容作了偷換概念的處理，使用了與文章一樣的詞匯但是卻改變了其含義。7、選項(xiàng)將原文的邏輯關(guān)系作了顛倒處理，比如把因果關(guān)系中的因和果進(jìn)行對(duì)調(diào)。8、選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，不是推理得出的結(jié)論。9、選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容純屬主觀臆斷得出的結(jié)論，文章根本沒(méi)有提及。推理判斷題解題方法 要做好推理判斷題，要求考生能夠充分理解閱讀文章、分析語(yǔ)篇特征、尋找解題依據(jù)?？忌鷳?yīng)該在領(lǐng)會(huì)全文的基礎(chǔ)