高考單選英語命題八大陷阱和解題七大策略.doc

高考英語專項訓練單項選擇題的命題陷阱和解題策略泰來縣第一中學趙福友高考，既是一場既定已久的戰(zhàn)斗，也是一場讓考生充分展示才華與潛能的重大人生機遇。如何抓住高三階段的寶貴時光，盡快提高自己的英語成績，無疑是每個考生都非常關注的事情。本節(jié)課談一談如何抓好英語單項選擇題的科學備考一.高考英語單選命題的八大陷阱 (1)思維定勢型思維定勢有時會誤導同學們,對于一些比較特殊的句子或語言現(xiàn)象想當然地套用已形成的思維定勢，從而得出錯誤的結(jié)論。 考試的命題者常常利用考生思維定勢這一特點，有意編擬一些比較特殊的句子或結(jié)構(gòu)來測試考生對某一知識點的靈活處理技巧和深層理解能力。典例分析1.He ran as fast as he could _ the bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught2. Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as (2)母語干擾型由于母語在大腦中根深蒂固，所以常常會對外語學習者大腦中尚不牢固的外語知識產(chǎn)生負面影響，干擾學習者學習正確、地道的外語。比如漢語說“年輕一代”，說成地道的英語通常是younger generation,而不是young generation,盡管漢語表達中看不出比較意味，但其相應的英語卻用比較級。典例分析( )1.I wont go there alone, and Ill take _wants to go. A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. what( )2.Stop that noise; it is _ me mad. A. putting B. causing C. driving D. turning (3)借用倒裝型有些試題借用倒裝這一語法項目，改變了原來的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，導致理解偏差，在主觀判斷上造成失誤因此，對一些固定句式和特殊用法需要做到“死去活來”:牢記,活用.典例分析( )1.Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _ lives his uncle. A. which B. who C. where D. that( )2. _ loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. A. So B. Very C. Too D. Much (4)結(jié)構(gòu)誤配型有許多試題，從表面上看是甲結(jié)構(gòu)，而實際上是乙結(jié)構(gòu)；或者命題人考查的是甲結(jié)構(gòu)，而應試者卻將其誤認為是乙結(jié)構(gòu)；或者從選項來看是甲結(jié)構(gòu)，而題干考查的實際上是乙結(jié)構(gòu)等等對于這類問題，若不仔細識別，則很容易出錯典例分析( )1. Whom would you rather _ with you, Jim or Jack? A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go( )2. He was in great need of money, so he _ $5,000 for his car. A. paid B. took C. cost D. spent (5)規(guī)則硬套型所謂“規(guī)則硬套”，即指不從語言實際出發(fā)，不考慮特定的語言環(huán)境，而是機械地套用語法規(guī)則，生搬硬套語法的條條框框，結(jié)果難免會出錯典例分析( )1. He was sentenced to death _ what he had stolen from the bank. A. that B. since C. because of D. because ( )2. -“Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” -“Is it _ black one? I found it in the corner.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a (6)詞義誤解型有許多所謂的陷阱題，倒不是因為句子結(jié)構(gòu)有多么復雜，用詞多么生僻，而是因為其中有個別詞（尤其是其中的關鍵詞）的詞義很容易誤解，或是同學們對此平時沒引起足夠的重視，對這類詞理解不準，在運用時其詞義在腦海中模棱兩可，從而導致做題失誤典例分析( )1.Mr. Black , who is a _ , is now in love with Miss Smith, who is a _ . A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter( )2.These _ much alike that I cant tell which is which. A. twin looks B. twins look C. twin look D. twins looks (7)詞性誤用型英語和漢語不僅在譴詞造句句型搭配習慣用法等方面有很大的差別，就是在詞性方面也有很大的差別，并且這種差別有時會使同學們稍不留心就釀成錯誤典例分析( )1._ his stay in Japan, he visited many places. A. During B. Since C. While D. In( )2. _ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher? A. Do B. Can C. Are D. Did (8)插入隔離型有時一個本來很簡單的句子,由于表達的需要,在其中置入一個插入成分,或?qū)⒛承┏煞謴恼Ｎ恢谜{(diào)入一個在同學們看來屬于非正常的位置,則很有可能給同學們的理解帶來困難.典例分析( )1. I think _, though I should be mistaken, he liked me. A. who B. which C. that D. what( )2. “Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university.” “So do I” A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 二、高考英語單選解題的七大策略點撥提示單項填空以考查基礎知識為主,即基礎語法,詞匯句式用法和交際用語等.其中又以動詞和從句為考查重點.答題時應分清考查的項目,選題要以語法知識為依據(jù),在上下文的語境中做出正確判斷.單項填空的正確答案應該是兩通:語法通,語義通.1.化簡法有的單項填空的題干相當復雜,讓考生一時分不清結(jié)構(gòu).這是應該化繁為簡,理清主干,忽略次要成分.化減法練習題( )1.Jhon,a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3.000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned( )2. -Did you take enough money with you? -No, I needed _I thought I would. A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than2.補全法有的單項填空的題干由于省略了句子成分,看起來相當簡單,同樣讓考生分不清結(jié)構(gòu),這就需要考生利用所學的省略知識,補全省略的部分,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然.補全法練習題( )1. I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _good A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds( )2._automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members. A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out3.還原法由于英語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝現(xiàn)象,致使好多考生分不清結(jié)構(gòu),造成失分.應將其還原,恢復短語,句型和結(jié)構(gòu)的本來面目.還原法練習題( )1.Only then _how much damage had been caused. A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized( ) 2.At the foot of the mountain_. A. a village lies B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village4.排同法正確的答案只有一個,因此,如果兩個答案在意義或用法上作用相同,則可肯定這兩個答案都不正確.排同法練習題( )1._with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared( )2.What he did suggested that he _little education. A. receive B. had received C. should receive D. receives5.一致法句子前后的關系要一致.包括:主謂一致,時態(tài)一致,代詞指代一致,比較對象一致,邏輯關系一致以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)一致等. 一致法練習題( )1.According to the art dealer, the painting _to go for at least a million dollars. A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting( )2.-The window is dirty. -I know. It _for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 6.標點法標點符號的作用不可忽視.在做題時,一個標點符號也可能決定一個題的答案,逗號可以決定一個非限制性定語從句.標點法練習題( )1.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine mouths, _the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which( )2.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _,of course made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which高考英語單選題的解題策略7.語境法近幾年的高考題更加注意考查學生綜合運用英語的能力.僅從單項填空題來看,純粹直來直去的語法題已經(jīng)減少,增加更多考查語境的試題.對這類題,如果考生不借助語境信息,就很難選出正確答案來.這類試題有兩類:一類是考查日常交際用語(如打電話,問路,購物等);另一類是借助語境,考查學生的英語基礎知識.語境法練習題( )1.- Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK._. A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you( )2.Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better. A. or B. while C. but D. and三.初試鋒芒( )1.Good luck to you, and _ all your wishes come true! A. can B. may C. must D. should( )2. “Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?” “I _ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.” A. had B. would C. was going to D. did( )3.He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _ to. A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken( )4.If _ carefully, the experiment will be successful. A. do B. does C. done D. Doing( )5.