直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法及練習(xí)(含答案).docx

直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場(chǎng)作相應(yīng)變動(dòng)。人稱代詞的變動(dòng)情況要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語(yǔ)中的變化相同。可記住一個(gè)口訣：“一主、二賓、三不變”。即第一人稱按照主句中的主語(yǔ)變化，第二人稱按照主句中的賓語(yǔ)變化，第三人稱一般不需要變化。例如：1)Hesaid,“Iamgladtoseeyou.”Hesaidthathewasgladtoseeme.2) “Doyouknowthemanoverthere?”MarysaidtoTom.MaryaskedTomifheknewthemanoverthere.3) Jimsaidtome,“Janeleftherschoolbagathome.”JimtoldmethatJanehadleftherschoolbagathome.2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化（1）主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不變)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)完成時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他說(shuō)：“我常在星期天看電視”。He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說(shuō)他常在星期天看電視。He said, “Im using the knife.”他說(shuō)：“我正在用小刀?！盚e said that he was using the knife.他說(shuō)他正在用小刀。She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她說(shuō)：“自從五月份來(lái)我就沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信?！盨he said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說(shuō)自從五月份以來(lái)她就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。He said，“I came to help you.”他說(shuō)：“我來(lái)幫助你?！盚e said that he had come to help me.他說(shuō)他來(lái)幫助我。注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老師說(shuō)：“地球是圓的。”The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說(shuō)地球是圓的。（2） 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)（3） 如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變He says, “I finished the work.”他說(shuō)：“我做完工作了?！盚e says that he finished the work. 他說(shuō)他做完工作了。He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他會(huì)說(shuō)：“我己經(jīng)澆花了?！盚e will say he has watered the flowers. 他會(huì)說(shuō)他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞 this/these that/those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now then today that day tonight that night this week (month) that week (month) Yesterday the day before last week (month) the week (month)before two weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)before tomorrow the next day next week (month) the next week (month)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) here there動(dòng) 詞 come-go Bring-takeHe said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他說(shuō)：“三天前我妹妹在這兒?！盚e said that his sister had been there three days before.他說(shuō)三天前他妹妹在那兒。(herethere; agobefore)She said, “I will come here this evening.”她說(shuō)：“今晚我將來(lái)這兒?！盨he said that she would go there that evening.她說(shuō)那晚她將去那兒。（comego；herethere；thisthat）以上這些變化,要根據(jù)說(shuō)話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。2、 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語(yǔ)中that可以省去。從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如：Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”Shesaidto/toldmethatshehadcomebackanhourbefore.3、 當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)1、疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。2、主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said時(shí)，要改為asked；沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)（如me，him等）。3、句末用句號(hào)。4、 從句中的人稱、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。5、原句若為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述；Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.6 原句若為選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whetheror/ornot；Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.7. 原句若為反意疑問(wèn)句，則常用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述?！癥ouvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheaskedSheasked(me)whether/ifIhadalreadygotwell.四、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)如果直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原句中的wh-類的詞引導(dǎo)，其余的變化同直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句的情況25條一樣。例如：“Whatisyourname?”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heasked:“Whereareyoutogetoff,Peter?”HeaskedPeterwherehewastogetoff.如果在直接引語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，則語(yǔ)序不需要變化。例如：“Whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass?”askedtheboysfather.Theboysfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass.五、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)“主語(yǔ)+askedsb.(not)todosth.”。1、需將原祈使句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。2、原主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said須改為asked，told或ordered等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。asksb.(not)todosth.表示客氣）tellsb.(not)todosth.（命令性強(qiáng)于上面）ordersb.(not)todosth.（命令性最強(qiáng)）例如：Hesaid,“Dontmakesomuchnoise.”Hetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise.3、 原句有“please”時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)多用asked（請(qǐng)求），并去掉please。例如：Hesaidtome,“Shutthewindow,please.”Heaskedmetoshutthewindow.4如果以let開(kāi)頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用“suggest+that從句”或“suggestdoing”來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：“Letsgotothecinema.”Tomsaid.Tomsuggestedgoingtothecinema.Tomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.六、直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用that引導(dǎo)，將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。例如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.Heasked_forthecomputer.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.Heaskedme_.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.askedtocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.Hesaid_.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”Heasked_.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematterHesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo11.Heasked_fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid12.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehasputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehadputD.wherehasAliceput13.Thesephotoswillshowyou_.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeYoucantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited_shesaidsuggestedthatshehadntdecided_togoornot.A.What,ifB.That,whetherC.What,whetherD.What,whichever16.Illaskmyparents_.A.whethertheywillagreetogoB.iftheyletmegoC.iftheywillletmegoD.whethertheyallowmeto17.-DoyoumindifJimwillcometohelp?-Ireallydontknow_apersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.A.whatB.thatC.howD.ifHeaskedmeif_.thetrainwilllateB.thetrainalwaysarrivedlateC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshereItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)_theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was20.Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.-WherewasI?-You_youdidntlikeyourfathersjob.A.hadsaidB.said C.weresayingD.hadbeensaying31.Heaskedme_IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.how32.Joyce,pleasedontopenthewin