形容詞比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則

形容詞比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則 形容詞級的變化規(guī)律和級的用法 一 形容詞級的變化 1 規(guī)律變化 單音詞的變化 四條 一般情況 er 比較級 est 最高級 eg quiet quieter the quietest bright brighter the brightest 明亮 聰明的 dear dearest the dearest clever cleverer the cleverest 詞末為 e 不發(fā)音 r st eg fine finer the finest nice nicer the nicest cute cuter the cutest close closer the closest white whiter the whitest large larger the largest free freer freest 特殊 重讀閉音節(jié) 末尾只有一個輔音字母的 雙寫輔音字母 er 雙寫輔音字母 est eg hot hotter the hottest big bigger the biggest red redder the reddest wet wetter the wettest sad sadder the saddest fat fatter the fattest thin thinner the thinnest fit fitter fittest 少數(shù)以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié) 原根詞 變 y 為 i er 變 y 為 i est 形容詞和副詞用法比較 形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級和最高級 形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成 形式基本上一樣 它們的形式與單音節(jié) 雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)有關(guān) 當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式 形 容詞和副詞比較級的基本用法分為同級比較 比較級和最高級三種形式 但這三種形式都 有它們特殊的表達方式以及它們的慣用法 對以下要點大家須一一掌握 第一節(jié) 形容詞比較級和最高級的形式 一 形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成 形容詞的比較級和最高級變化形式規(guī)則如下 構(gòu) 成 法 原 級 比 較 級 最 高 級 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加 er 和 est strong stronger strongest 單音節(jié)詞如果以 e 結(jié)尾 只加 r 和 st strange stranger strangest 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 一個輔音字母 須先雙寫這個輔音字母 再加 er 和 est sad big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest 少數(shù)以 y er 或 ure ow ble 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 末尾加 er 和 est 以 y 結(jié)尾的詞 如 y 前是輔音字母 把 y 變成 i 再加 er 和 est 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞仍 只加 r 和 st angry clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞 more 和 most different more different most different 1 The most high A mountain in B the world is Mount Everest which is situated C in Nepal and is twenty nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high D 2 This house is spaciouser A than that B white C one I bought in Rapid City South Dakota D last year 3 Research in the social A sciences often proves difficulter B than similar C work in the physical D sciences 二 形容詞比較級或最高級的特殊形式 1 三個或三個以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加 more 和 most 只能說 more beautiful 而不能說 beautifuller 只能說 the most beautiful 而不能說 beautifullest 但是 以形容前綴 un 結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況 如 unhappy untidy 我們可 以說 unhappier unhappiest untidier untidiest 2 由 ING 分詞和 ED 分詞演變過來的形容詞 包括不規(guī)則動詞如 know known 只能加 more 或 most 來表示它們的比較級和最高級 more most striking more most interesting more most wounded more most worn 等 4 The drawings A of the old masters B are among the treasuredest C works in museums D 3 英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級形式 absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta utter entire foremost perfect neous vital eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole excellent infinite primary supreme wooden 三 不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式 good well better best bad ill worse worst many much more most little few less least far farther farthest further furthest 5 African elephants are larger fiercer and difficulter A to tame B than C Asian elephants D 6 Sarah Hale became A one of the famousest B magazine C editors in the United States during D the 1800 s 7 Of all A the Native American tribes B the Shawnee Indians were C a most D transient 四 例題解析 1 A 錯 應(yīng)將 most high 改為 highest 這是在考形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成形式 2 A 錯 改為 more spacious 3 B 錯 改為 more difficult 4 C 錯 treasured 在本句中是 ED 分詞 動詞 treasure ed 作形容詞使用 是 寶貴 的 珍貴的 意思 修飾名詞 works 作品 其最高級形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured 5 A 錯 改為 more difficult 6 B 錯 改為 the most famous 因為 famous 著名的 是雙音節(jié) 其最高級變化應(yīng)在前 面加 the most 7 D 錯 應(yīng)改為 the most 因為此處表示的是最高級 the most transient 意為 延 續(xù)時間 最短暫的 第二節(jié) 副詞比較級和最高級的形式 副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣 一般 副詞 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest late later latest early earlier earliest 特殊 副詞 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 但是 開放類副詞即以后綴 ly 結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加 er 或 est 如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 注 early 中的 ly 不是后綴 故可以把 y 變 i 再加 er 和 est 第三節(jié) 形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的基本用法 一 原級比較的基本用法 1 原級比較由 as 形容詞或副詞 或再加名詞或短語 as 構(gòu)成 原級相同 比較句 表示兩 者比較 其否定式 即 程度不及 比較句型為 not so as 形容詞或副詞 as 而且 as as 結(jié)構(gòu)前可用 just almost nearly quite 等表示程度的詞修飾 1 Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteen minute walking 2 The gorilla 大猩猩 while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee 黑猩猩 shows more persistence C and memory retention 記憶力 in solving D a problem 3 Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state Texas 2 as so 名詞 as 名詞 進行名詞比較 這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞 但 如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語 應(yīng)當(dāng)用 so 而不用 as 4 Thomas Jefferson s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician A such B more C as D than 5 I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter 88 年考題 A that B so C this D as 二 比較級 1 比較級由 形容詞 副詞 比較級 than 構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方 更加 連詞 than 后可接句子 也可接名詞 代詞 名詞短語 介詞短語 動詞 動詞不定式 ING 結(jié)構(gòu)和 ED 結(jié)構(gòu) 有時也可省去 than 6 Natural mica 云母 of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica 7 She is older than A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8 Josephine McCrackin joined A the Santa Cruz Sentinel in 1905 and until her death fifteen years late B remained C active in journalistic D work 2 注意 than 前后兩項相比較的人或事物要一致 9 The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10 Sound travels air A faster through water than through B faster than through water and C through water faster and D where it is faster through water than through 11 Gerbrand von den Feckhout one of Rembrand s pupils followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D 三 最高級 1 最高級用于三者以上比較 形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是 定冠詞 形容詞最高級 名詞 表示 范圍的短語或從句 如 all of all of the tree in the world that has ever taken place 等 12 The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear 13 Of all economic A problems inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and business 14 the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2 副詞的最高級與形容詞最高級的區(qū)別在于最高級前沒有定冠詞 the 四 例題解析 1 B 為正確答案 2 B 錯 改為 as 和前面的 as 和形容詞原形 curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較 3 B 錯 改為 as large 4 C 對 動詞 rival 勝過 匹敵 前后是兩個相比較的成分 achievements 成果 和 contributions 貢獻 由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語 as an architect 故空白處也應(yīng)用 as 使前后對比成分一致 5 B 為正確答案 6 C 錯 應(yīng)改為比較級 cheaper 比較級后并不一定跟接連詞 than 有時在其間有名詞或名 詞短語 被形容詞所修飾 介詞短語 不定式或其他成分隔開 7 A 為正確答案 She 作為單個不能跟全組比 C 和 D 不對 也不能跟全組所有相比 因 為 她 也是其中一員 自然 她 不能跟自己相比 這里 She 比較的是 這組中的任何一個 所以 A 對 8 B 錯 應(yīng)改為比較級 later 因此處實為與 1905 年相比晚 15 年 故應(yīng)使用比較級 9 D 為正確答案 10 A 為正確答案 11 D 錯 改為 his master s 12 A 錯 改為 most 13 C 錯 改為 the significant 是多音節(jié)形容詞 在此處應(yīng)用最高級形式 在前面加 the most 注意句中的 of all 14 C 為正確答案 本句空白處缺狀語 A 和 B 全為名詞短語 不符合條件 D 為句子 和 空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系 故亦應(yīng)排除 只有 C 正確 和后面的最高級 the most familiar 前后呼應(yīng) 第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達法 一 形容詞與副詞的同級比較 由 as so as 引出 其否定式為 not so 或 not as as 考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有 as 結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子 1 as such 表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child and must be treated as such 他是個孩子 必須被當(dāng)作孩子對待 2 as much 表示 與 同量 Take as much as you like 拿多少都行 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it 就是價格再貴一倍 我也會愿意把它買下的 He as much as admitted the whole story 他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了 3 as many 表示 與 一樣多 I found six mistakes in as many lines 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個錯 二 表示 幾倍于 的比較級 用 twice 兩倍 four times 四倍 ten times 十倍 加上 as as 結(jié)構(gòu) This one is four times as big as that one 這個是那個的四倍大 這個比那個大三倍 Our campus is three times as large as yours 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍 He has books twice as many as she does 他的書比她多一倍 1 The five year deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C three million more as D the old pact s minimum 三 the same 名詞 as 表示同等比較 2 The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye A in the same function B the same function as C the function is the same as D and has the same function 3 The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四 比較級前可用 a little a bit slightly a great deal a lot many much 等詞語表示不定量 far completely still 表示程度或更進一步 4 There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5 The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6 Common porpoises 海豚 are usually not considered A migratory although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter 兼有兩種形式的副詞 1 close 與 closely close 意思是 近 closely 意思是 仔細地 He is sitting close to me Watch him closely 2 late 與 lately late 意思是 晚 lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late What have you been doing lately 3 deep 與 deeply deep 意思是 深 表示空間深度 deeply 時常表示感情上的深度 深深地 He pushed the stick d