高中英語人教大綱第二冊下：Unit14 Freedom fighters(備課資料).doc

Reference for Teaching.異域風(fēng)情The African ancestors of todays black Americans were brought to the US as slaves in the seventeenth,eighteenth,and nineteenth centuries.They worked on farms,especially the large farms in the southern states.Slowly they became a necessary part of the economic system of the South.Slaves did not have the rights of people;according to the law,they were a “thing” which belonged to the person who bought them.They had to obey the orders of their owners without questions.They were not allowed to learn to read;their owners feared the educated slaves would begin to think about the injustice of the system and would learn to struggle for their freedom.Slaves had to work long hours in every unhealthy conditions.Their owners had complete power over them.They could be bought and sold like animals.At the slave markets,black children were separated from their parents and never allowed to see them again.Slave owners had the right to punish the slaves who broke the law or was against the system.Slaves were often beaten or even killed by their owners.After the Civil War,one free slave reported that his owner killed an older slave who was teaching him to read.In theory an owner who treated a slave badly could be punished.In practice,however,the law meant nothing.Opposition to slavery began very early in the history of the USin 1671but little progress was made until the beginning of the nineteenth century.By 1804 slavery was illegal in the northern states.But it continued,and even grew,in the southern states,which depended on cotton for their economic wealth.Slavery ended in the South only after the Civil War.For blacks,however,the end of slavery was only a beginning,the late beginning of a long and difficult struggle for true justice.知識歸納1.在英語中，do,have,make,take這四個動詞，加上名詞作賓語（名詞前可有形容詞）構(gòu)成詞組，可以表達許多不同含義，其意義相當于在名詞前加上一個相關(guān)動詞，現(xiàn)分述如下：(1)do+名詞e.g.Mary has done (=has written) an article.瑪麗寫了一篇文章。He will do(=draw) a large portrain of Ren Changxia.他要為任長霞畫一幅大畫像。do computer study=study computerdo the room=clean the roomdo the dishes=wash the dishesdo ones hair=comb ones hairdo ones teeth=brush ones teethdo the fish=cook the fishdo the puzzle=work out the puzzledo science=study sciencedo a comedy=act a comedydo a concert=hear a concertdo the tower=visit the towerdo Japan=visit Japando 20 miles=travel 20 milesdo ones guests well=serve ones guests well有時賓語也可用doing,并在doing前加some。do some reading=read some books,read some pagesdo some studying=study somethingdo some walking=walk for some time還有do most of the talking,do some morning shopping等。(2)have+名詞e.g.We had a long talk(=talked for a long time) last Sunday.上星期天我們進行了一次長談。Theyre having a rest(=resting).他們在休息。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有：have a chat,have a look at,have a drink,have an interview,have a smoke,have a fight,have a bath,have a dream名詞前可有修飾成分，如have no respect,have no wish,have some good laughs,have one more try等。有時意義上等于在名詞前加上一個相關(guān)的動詞，如：have a lesson (class)上一節(jié)課have an X-ray進行X光檢查have a great success取得很大成功have a small accident出了小事故have a headache(a flu,cold)得頭疼?。鞲?，感冒）have a baby生孩子have ones advice聽從某人的建議have a telegram收到一封電報have an answer有了答案(3)make+名詞（相當于名詞的動詞含義）e.g.The police made an examination in her room.警察檢查了她的房間。The teacher made a clear explanation.老師清楚地作了解釋。We made a comparison of the two articles.我們把這兩篇文章作了比較。make an attempt=attemptmake a suggest=suggest還有make a visit參觀，make a long stay住了很長時間，make another start又重新開始了，make preparations作準備，make arrangements作安排，make decisions作決定，make a choice作選擇，make a map畫一張地圖，make tea沏茶，make an expression留下印象（4）take+名詞（相當于名詞相應(yīng)的動詞）e.g.He took a look at(=look at) this book.他看了一下這本書。I want to take a nap(=nap).我想午休一會兒。這類詞組還有：take a bath 洗澡take a walk散步take exercise進行鍛煉take an action采取行動take an examination進行考試，進行檢查take a trip旅行take a vacation度假相當于“吃，喝，吸（入）”，如：take the food,take pills,take medicine,take tea (coffee),take a glass of beer,take sugar,take a breath of fresh air,還有：take a taxi(bus,train)坐出租車（公共汽車，火車）take a room要一個房間，租用一個房間take ones advice接受的建議take a job承擔一項工作take ones degree接受學(xué)位take chemistry選學(xué)化學(xué)2.with的一種用法with之后可以加一個抽象名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語，作用相當于這一名詞相對應(yīng)的副詞。e.g.He looked at her with respect(=respectfully).他恭敬地看著她。She told Tom the story with a smile(=smilingly).她微笑著給湯姆講了個故事。He accepted the invitation with pleasure(=pleasurably).他愉快地接受了邀請。這類詞組常見的還有：with calmness=calmly冷靜地with curiosity=curiously好奇地with surprise=surprisingly驚奇地with ease=easily輕易地with difficulty 艱難地with amazement驚奇地with sympathy同情地with disapproval不滿地with fear害怕地with delight (joy)高興地with envy妒忌地with anger生氣地with efficiency有效地with one accord voice異口同聲地with tears in ones eyes含淚地in+名詞也可以這樣用。例如：“How did you come here?”He asked in surprise(=surprisingly).“你是怎么到這兒的？”他驚奇地問。Jack shut his eyes in fear(fearfully).杰克害怕得閉上了眼睛。His sister stared at him in amazement(=amazingly).他的妹妹驚奇地看著他。He came home in high cheerfulness(=cheerfully).他興高采烈地回了家。常見的這類詞組還有：in terror害怕地in astonishment驚奇地in anxiety焦急地in amazement驚奇地in confusion大惑不解地in alarm驚慌地in curiosity好奇地in great happiness非常愉快地in a hurry急忙地in a low voice低聲地in hatred and despair滿懷仇恨和絕望地in earnest 認真地.同義詞語辨析1.murder,kill,massacre(1)murder是“謀殺，殺害”的意思。英語意思是to kill unlawfully,especially on purpose。e.g.The bandits murdered the man for his money.歹徒為了謀取他的錢而殺害了他。Every two hours someone was murdered.每兩個小時就有一人被謀殺。(2)kill用于因兇器或在非常事故中死亡的場合。英語的意思是cause to die。e.g.His father was killed in a railway accident.他父親在一次火車事故中身亡。Only a few people were killed in the earthquake.地震中只有少數(shù)人死亡。He killed him with a spear.他用矛刺死了他。kill還可作“使難受之極，使極其尷尬，使失去，消磨（時間）”解。e.g.My back killed me.我的背非常難受。It killed him to admit he is wrong.承認他錯了使他感到極為尷尬。The joy killed the audience.這個玩笑讓觀眾笑得要死。The train was late,so we killed time by playing cards.火車晚點了，我們就打牌消磨時間。（3）massacre“大屠殺”，英語意思是to kill a number of people without mercy。e.g.When the soldiers captured the town,they massacred all the inhabitants.當敵兵占領(lǐng)這座城市后，他們屠殺了城里的所有居民。另外，表示“為而獻出生命”的同義詞組有：devote ones life todedicate ones life togive ones life forlay down ones life forlose ones life for另外還有一些詞組可以用來表示“死”，但此用法較委婉：(sb.)pass away;ones heart stop beating forever;(sb.)sleep peacefully;those who have fallen;(sth.)cost sb. his life;sb.is dead and gone;(sb.)be in heaven for some time2.ask for,require,demand(1)ask for指要求得到具體的物質(zhì)的東西，普通用詞。也可用ask sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，語氣較客氣。e.g.He asked for some money.他讓了一些錢。He asked his mother to wake him at six in the morning.他讓他母親早上六點叫醒他。I asked that I (should be) was allowed to see her.我請求允許我看望她。(2)require“要求，有必要”,語氣不如demand強，一般強調(diào)從需要、規(guī)章、慣例出發(fā)，要求別人做某事，含有客觀上必要的，缺此不可的性質(zhì)。e.g.He has done all that was required of him.凡需要他做的他都做了。How many days will be required to finish this work?完成這項工作需要多少天？(3)demand“要求，需要”,指堅持要得到某物或堅持要做某事，用于人時，通常表示提出要求的一方認為他們有權(quán)這樣做，語氣較強烈，有時帶有強制的意味；用于物時，指一般的“需要”，這時可和require,want,need等詞互換。e.g.The Iraqi people demanded that the USA soldiers should get out of Iraq.伊拉克人要求美國兵從伊拉克撤退。All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights.整個一生他都認為如果人民沒有權(quán)利的話，要求社會變革是正確的，而且是必要的。The work demands(=requires,wants,needs,etc,) great skill.這個工作需要熟練的技巧。.能力訓(xùn)練1.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換他們把黑人作為奴隸對待。（1）They _ blacks as slaves.（2）They _ blacks as slaves.（3）They _ blacks as slaves.（4）They _ blacks as slaves.（5）They _ _blacks as slaves.（6）They _ blacks as slaves.（7）They _ blacks _ _ slaves.答案：(1)treated (2)took (3)regarded (4)had (5)looked on (6)considered(7)considered;to be二十加十等于三十。(1)Twenty and (plus) ten _thirty.(2)Twenty and (plus) ten _ _ _ thirty.(3)Twenty and (plus) ten _thirty.(4)Twenty and (plus) ten _thirty.答案：(1)equal/equals (2)are/is equal to (3)are/is (4)make/makes經(jīng)理進來時他恭恭敬敬地站在那里。(1)He stood there _ when the manager came in.(2)He stood there _ _ when the manager came in.答案：(1)respectfully (2)with respect這個學(xué)生在認真地做作業(yè)。(1)The student was doing his homework _.(2)The student was doing his homework _ _.答案：(1)earnestly (2)in earnest2.用適當?shù)脑~填空(1)相對論使得愛因斯坦在全世界出名了。Theory of relativity _ Einstein _ all over the world.答案：made;famous(2)金為美國黑人的政治權(quán)利而奮斗。King fought for _ _ for blacks in the USA.答案：political rights(3)金相信他能通過和平行動而不是暴力來達到他們的目標。King believed that he could _ his _ by _ _,not by _.答案：achieve;goal;peaceful action;violence(4)她后來被警察逮捕了。Later she was _ by the police.答案：arrested(5)在這個國家經(jīng)常舉行反對種族歧視的非暴力的示威游行。In this country,there are many _ _ _ _ _.答案：nonviolent demonstrations against racial discrimination(6)他的講話鼓舞不同種族的人民為平等權(quán)利而斗爭。His speech _ people of all races to fight for _.答案：inspired;equality.高考真題1.(2004北京卷)The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for