2016-PMP項(xiàng)目管理師考試大綱(中英對(duì)照)(1).docx

PMP考試最新內(nèi)容大綱（中英文對(duì)照版）為了讓項(xiàng)目管理專業(yè)人士（PMP）適應(yīng)專業(yè)發(fā)展的變化，PMI將在2016年1月12日對(duì)PMP考試的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行變化。這些變化將在中國(guó)區(qū)2016年3月PMP考試中體現(xiàn)。2015年12月考試不受影響。 此次變化是基于PMI對(duì)項(xiàng)目管理專業(yè)人士的角色描述研究（RDS），研究通過(guò)對(duì)全球范圍內(nèi)的PMP認(rèn)證持有者進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，確認(rèn)了領(lǐng)域、任務(wù)、知識(shí)、技能版塊的內(nèi)容更新。RDS捕捉來(lái)自各行業(yè)、各工作崗位、各地區(qū)的項(xiàng)目管理實(shí)踐者的視角，作為PMP考試的基礎(chǔ)，以確保其正確性和相關(guān)性。 2015年5月初，PMI發(fā)布了最新PMP考試內(nèi)容大綱英文版。PMP考試大綱主要變化： PMP的五大實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域保持不變。然而，各領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的任務(wù)則被修改、添加或刪除。以下是對(duì)此次新增內(nèi)容的概述： 領(lǐng)域1啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，增加了三個(gè)任務(wù)任務(wù)2、任務(wù)7、任務(wù)8j領(lǐng)域2項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，增加了一個(gè)任務(wù)任務(wù)13領(lǐng)域3項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行，增加了兩個(gè)任務(wù)任務(wù)6、任務(wù)7領(lǐng)域4項(xiàng)目監(jiān)視與控制，增加了兩個(gè)任務(wù)任務(wù)6、任務(wù)7領(lǐng)域5項(xiàng)目結(jié)尾，沒(méi)有新增任務(wù)績(jī)效域1 Initiating the Project 項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng) 任務(wù)1 Perform project assessment based upon available information, lessons learned from previous projects, and meetings with relevant stakeholders, in order to support the evaluation of the feasibility of new products or services within the given assumptions and/or constraints. 根據(jù)現(xiàn)有信息、以前項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)以及相關(guān)干系人的會(huì)談情況進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目評(píng)估，以支持在特定的假設(shè)條件及制約因素下對(duì)新產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的可行性判斷。 任務(wù)2 Identify key deliverables based on the business requirements, in order to manage customer expectations and direct the achievement of project goals. 識(shí)別基于業(yè)務(wù)需求的關(guān)鍵可交付成果，以管理客戶期望和指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)達(dá)成。 任務(wù)3 Perform stakeholder analysis using appropriate tools and techniques, in order to align expectations and gain support for the project. 運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ吆图夹g(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行干系人分析，以便與干系人期望相符，并獲得其對(duì)項(xiàng)目的支持 任務(wù)4 Identify high level risks, assumptions, and constraints based on the current environment, organizational factors, historical data and expert judgment, in order to propose an implementation strategy. 根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境、組織因素、歷史數(shù)據(jù)和專家判斷來(lái)識(shí)別高層級(jí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、假設(shè)條件和制約因素，以提議實(shí)施策略。 任務(wù)5 Participate in the development of the project charter by compiling and analyzing gathered information, in order to ensure project stakeholders are in agreement on its elements. 通過(guò)匯編和分析收集的信息，參與制定項(xiàng)目章程，以確保項(xiàng)目干系人就章程要素達(dá)成一致。 任務(wù)6 Obtain project charter approval from the sponsor, in order to formalize the authority assigned to the project manager and gain commitment and acceptance for the project. 獲得發(fā)起人對(duì)項(xiàng)目章程的批準(zhǔn)，以對(duì)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理正式授權(quán)，并得到其對(duì)項(xiàng)目的支持和認(rèn)可。 任務(wù)7 Conduct benefit analysis with stakeholders (including sponsor, customer, subject matter experts), in order to validate project alignment with organizational strategy and expected business value. 與干系人（包括發(fā)起人、客戶、主題專家）實(shí)施收益分析，以確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目與組織戰(zhàn)略和所期望的商業(yè)價(jià)值相符。 任務(wù)8 Inform stakeholders of the approved project charter, in order to ensure common understanding of the key deliverables, milestones, and their roles and responsibilities. 就批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目章程通知干系人，以確保干系人就關(guān)鍵可交付成果、里程碑以及他們的角色與責(zé)任達(dá)成共識(shí)。 知識(shí)與技能 Analytical skills Benefit analysis techniques Elements of a project charter Estimation tools and techniques Strategic management 分析技能 收益分析技術(shù) 項(xiàng)目章程要素 估算工具和技術(shù) 戰(zhàn)略管理 績(jī)效域2 Planning the Project 項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃 任務(wù)1 Review and assess detailed project requirements, constraints, and assumptions with stakeholders based on the project charter, lessons learned, and by using requirement gathering techniques, in order to establish detailed project deliverables. 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目章程和經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，利用需求收集技術(shù)，與干系人一起來(lái)評(píng)估詳細(xì)的項(xiàng)目需求、制約因素和假設(shè)條件，以確定詳細(xì)的項(xiàng)目可交付成果。 任務(wù)2 Develop a scope management plan, based on the approved project scope and using scope management techniques, in order to define, maintain, and manage the scope of the project. 根據(jù)批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目章程并使用范圍管理技術(shù)，制定范圍管理計(jì)劃，以定義、維護(hù)和管理項(xiàng)目范圍。 任務(wù)3 Develop the cost management plan based on the project scope, schedule, resources, approved project charter and other information, using estimating techniques, in order to manage project costs. 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目范圍、進(jìn)度、資源、批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目章程和其他信息，制定成本管理管理計(jì)劃，運(yùn)用估算技術(shù)，以管理項(xiàng)目成本。 任務(wù)4 Develop the project schedule based on the approved project deliverables and milestones, scope, and resource management plans, in order to manage timely completion of the project. 根據(jù)批準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目可交付成果和里程碑、范圍，以及資源管理計(jì)劃，制定項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，以管理項(xiàng)目及時(shí)完工。 任務(wù)5 Develop the human resource management plan by defining the roles and responsibilities of the project team members, in order to create a project organizational structure and provide guidance regarding how resources will be assigned and managed. 通過(guò)定義項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的角色和職責(zé)來(lái)制定人力資源管理計(jì)劃，以創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目組織架構(gòu)并提供如何分派和管理資源的指南。 任務(wù)6 Develop the communications management plan based on the project organization structure and stakeholder requirements, in order to define and manage the flow of project information. 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目組織架構(gòu)和干系人需求制定溝通管理計(jì)劃，以定義和管理項(xiàng)目信息流。 任務(wù)7 Develop the procurement management plan based on the project scope, budget, and schedule, in order to ensure that the required project resources will be available. 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目范圍、預(yù)算和進(jìn)度制定采購(gòu)管理計(jì)劃，以確保所需項(xiàng)目資源的可用性。 任務(wù)8 Develop the quality management plan and define the quality standards for the project and its products, based on the project scope, risks, and requirements, in order to prevent the occurrence of defects and control the cost of quality. 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目范圍、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和需求制定質(zhì)量管理計(jì)劃并定義項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以預(yù)防缺陷發(fā)生并控制質(zhì)量成本。 任務(wù)9 Develop the change management plan by defining how changes will be addressed and controlled, in order to track and manage change. 通過(guò)定義如何處理和控制變更，制定變更管理計(jì)劃，以跟蹤和管理變更。 任務(wù)10 Develop the risk management plan by identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing project risks, and defining risk response strategies, in order to manage uncertainty and opportunity throughout the project life cycle. 通過(guò)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別、分析和優(yōu)先級(jí)排序制定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理計(jì)劃，并定義風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)策略，以管理項(xiàng)目生命周期中的不確定性和機(jī)會(huì)。 任務(wù)11 Present the project management plan to the relevant stakeholders according to applicable policies and procedures, in order to obtain approval to proceed with project execution. 根據(jù)適用的政策和程序向相關(guān)干系人展示項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃，以獲取批準(zhǔn)來(lái)繼續(xù)項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行。 任務(wù)12 Conduct kick-off meeting, communicating the start of the project, key milestones, and other relevant information, in order to inform and engage stakeholders and gain commitment. 召開(kāi)啟動(dòng)會(huì)議，溝通項(xiàng)目開(kāi)工、關(guān)鍵里程碑以及其他相關(guān)信息，以告知干系人，爭(zhēng)取干系人參與，并獲得干系人承諾。 任務(wù)13 Develop the stakeholder management plan by analyzing needs, interests, and potential impact, in order to effectively manage stakeholders expectations and engage them in project decisions. 通過(guò)分析需求、利益和潛在影響，制定干系人管理計(jì)劃，以有效管理干系人期望并爭(zhēng)取他們參與項(xiàng)目決策。 知識(shí)與技能 Change management planning Cost management planning, including project budgeting tools and techniques Communications planning Contract types and selection criteria Estimation tools and techniques Human resource planning Lean and efficiency principles Procurement planning Quality management planning Requirements gathering techniques (e.g., planning sessions, brainstorming, and focus groups) Regulatory and environmental impacts assessment planning Risk management planning Scope deconstruction (e.g., WBS, Scope backlog) tools and techniques Scope management planning Stakeholder management planning Time management planning, including scheduling tools and techniques Workflow diagramming techniques 變更管理規(guī)劃 成本管理規(guī)劃，包括項(xiàng)目預(yù)算工具和技術(shù) 溝通規(guī)劃 合同類型與選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 估算工具與技術(shù) 人力資源規(guī)劃 精益與效率準(zhǔn)則 采購(gòu)規(guī)劃 質(zhì)量管理規(guī)劃 需求收集技術(shù)（例如規(guī)劃會(huì)議、頭腦風(fēng)暴和焦點(diǎn)小組） 監(jiān)管與環(huán)境影響評(píng)估規(guī)劃 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理規(guī)劃 范圍分解（例如WBS、范圍待辦列表）工具與技術(shù) 范圍管理規(guī)劃 時(shí)間管理規(guī)劃，包括制定進(jìn)度計(jì)劃工具和技術(shù) 工作流程圖技術(shù) 績(jī)效域3 Executing the Project 項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行 任務(wù)1 Acquire and manage project resources by following the human resource and procurement management plans, in order to meet project requirements. 通過(guò)遵循人力資源和采購(gòu)管理計(jì)劃來(lái)獲取和管理項(xiàng)目資源，以滿足項(xiàng)目需求 任務(wù)2 Manage task execution based on the project management plan by leading and developing the project team, in order to achieve project deliverables. 通過(guò)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和發(fā)展項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)，根據(jù)項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃管理項(xiàng)目任務(wù)執(zhí)行，以實(shí)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目可交付成果。 任務(wù)3 Implement the quality management plan using the appropriate tools and techniques, in order to ensure that work is performed in accordance with required quality standards. 使用合適的工具和技術(shù)來(lái)實(shí)施質(zhì)量管理計(jì)劃，以確保按所需的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)完成工作。 任務(wù)4 Implement approved changes and corrective actions by following the change management plan, in order to meet project requirements. 遵循變更管理計(jì)劃實(shí)施已批準(zhǔn)的變更和糾正措施，以滿足項(xiàng)目需求。 任務(wù)5 Implement approved actions by following the risk management plan, in order to minimize the impact of the risks and take advantage of opportunities on the project. 遵循風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理計(jì)劃實(shí)施已批準(zhǔn)的措施，以使風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)項(xiàng)目影響最小化，并充分利用機(jī)會(huì)。 任務(wù)6 Manage the flow of information by following the communications plan, in order to keep stakeholders engaged and informed. 遵循溝通計(jì)劃管理信息流，以保持干系人參與和知情。 任務(wù)7 Maintain stakeholder relationships by following the stakeholder management plan, in order to receive continued support and manage expectations. 遵循干系人管理計(jì)劃維護(hù)干系人關(guān)系，以獲得干系人持續(xù)支持并管理干系人期望。 知識(shí)與技能 Continuous improvement processes Contract management techniques Elements of a statement of work Interdependencies among project elements Project budgeting tools and techniques Quality standard tools Vendor management techniques 持續(xù)改進(jìn)過(guò)程 合同管理技術(shù) 工作說(shuō)明書(shū)要素 項(xiàng)目要素間的依賴關(guān)系 項(xiàng)目預(yù)算工具和技術(shù) 質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具 供應(yīng)商管理技術(shù) 績(jī)效域4 Monitoring and Controlling the Project 項(xiàng)目監(jiān)控 任務(wù)1 Measure project performance using appropriate tools and techniques, in order to identify and quantify any variances and corrective actions. 使用適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ吆图夹g(shù)測(cè)量項(xiàng)目績(jī)效，以識(shí)別和量化各種偏差和糾正措施。 任務(wù)2 Manage changes to the project by following the change management plan, in order to ensure that project goals remain aligned with business needs. 遵循變更管理計(jì)劃來(lái)管理項(xiàng)目變更，以確保項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)依然與商業(yè)需要保持一致。 任務(wù)3 Verify that project deliverables conform to the quality standards established in the quality management plan by using appropriate tools and techniques, in order to meet project requirements and business needs. 通過(guò)使用適當(dāng)?shù)墓ぞ吆图夹g(shù)，驗(yàn)證項(xiàng)目可交付成果符合質(zhì)量管理計(jì)劃所建立的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以滿足項(xiàng)目需求和業(yè)務(wù)需要。 任務(wù)4 Monitor and assess risk by determining whether exposure has changed and evaluating the effectiveness of response strategies, in order to manage the impact of risks and opportunities on the project. 通過(guò)決定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口是否發(fā)生變化，以及評(píng)價(jià)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)策略的有效性來(lái)監(jiān)控和評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)項(xiàng)目的影響。 任務(wù)5 Review the issue log, and update if necessary, and determine corrective actions by using appropriate tools and techniques, in order to minimize the impact on the project. 評(píng)審問(wèn)題日志，如有需要進(jìn)行更新，使用合適的的工具和技術(shù)來(lái)確定糾正措施，以使其對(duì)項(xiàng)目的影響最小化。 任務(wù)6 Capture, analyze, and manage lessons learned using lessons learned management techniques, in order to enable continuous improvement. 通過(guò)使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)管理技術(shù)來(lái)收集、分析和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，以持續(xù)改進(jìn) 任務(wù)7 Monitor procurement activities according to the procurement plan, in order to verify compliance with project objectives. 根據(jù)采購(gòu)計(jì)劃監(jiān)督采購(gòu)活動(dòng)，以驗(yàn)證符合項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)。 知識(shí)與技能 Performance measurement and tracking techniques (e.g., EV, CPM, PERT, Trend Analysis) Process analysis techniques (e.g., LEAN, Kanban, Six Sigma) Project control limits (e.g., thresholds, tolerance) Project finance principles Project monitoring tools and techniques Project quality best practices and standards (e.g., ISO, BS, CMMI, IEEE) Quality measurement tools (e.g., statistical sampling, control charts, flow- charting, inspection, assessment) Risk identification and analysis techniques Risk response techniques Quality validation and verification techniques 績(jī)效測(cè)量與跟蹤技術(shù)（例如：EV、CPM、PERT、趨勢(shì)分析） 過(guò)程分析技術(shù)（例如：精益、看板、六西格瑪） 項(xiàng)目控制界限（例如：臨界值、公差） 項(xiàng)目財(cái)務(wù)準(zhǔn)則 項(xiàng)目監(jiān)督工具與技術(shù) 項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量最佳實(shí)踐與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（例如：ISO、BS、CMMI、IEEE） 質(zhì)量測(cè)量技術(shù)（例如：統(tǒng)計(jì)抽樣、控制圖、流程圖、檢查、評(píng)估） 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別與分析技術(shù) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)響應(yīng)技術(shù) 質(zhì)量確認(rèn)與核實(shí)技術(shù) 績(jī)效域5 Closing the Project 項(xiàng)目收尾 任務(wù)1 Obtain final acceptance of the project deliverables from relevant stakeholders, in order to confirm that project scope and deliverables were achieved. 從相關(guān)干系人獲得項(xiàng)目可交付成果的最終驗(yàn)收，以確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目的范圍和可交付成果已實(shí)現(xiàn)。 任務(wù)2 Transfer the ownership of deliverables to the assigned stakeholders in accordance with the project plan, in order to facilitate project closure. 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，將可交付成果的所有權(quán)移交給指定干系人，以促進(jìn)項(xiàng)目收尾。 任務(wù)3 Obtain financial, legal, and administrative closure using generally accepted practices and policies, in order to communicate formal project closure and ensure transfer of liability. 以普遍公認(rèn)的做法和政策來(lái)進(jìn)行財(cái)務(wù)、法律和行政收尾，以做好項(xiàng)目收尾的正式溝通，并確保責(zé)任的移交。 任務(wù)4 Prepare and share the final project report according to the communications management plan, in order to document and convey project performance and assist in project evaluation. 根據(jù)溝通管理計(jì)劃準(zhǔn)備和分享最終的項(xiàng)目報(bào)告，以記錄和傳遞項(xiàng)目績(jī)效，并幫助項(xiàng)目評(píng)估。 任務(wù)5 Collate lessons learned that were documented throughout the project and conduct a comprehensive project review, in order to update the organizations knowledge base. 整理項(xiàng)目過(guò)程中記錄的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，并實(shí)施全面的項(xiàng)目評(píng)審，以更新組織的知識(shí)庫(kù)。 任務(wù)6 Archive project documents and materials using generally accepted practices, in order to comply with statutory requirements and for potential use in future projects and audits. 采用普遍公認(rèn)的做法來(lái)歸檔項(xiàng)目文件和資料，以符合法定要求，并可供今后項(xiàng)目以及審計(jì)的潛在使用。 任務(wù)7 Obtain feedback from relevant stakeholders, using appropriate tools and techniques and based on the stakeholder management plan, in order to evaluate their satisfaction. 根據(jù)干系人管理計(jì)劃，使用合適的工具和技術(shù)從相關(guān)干系人獲得反饋，以評(píng)估干系人的滿意度。 Archiving practices and statutes Compliance (statute/organization) Contract closure requirements Close-out procedures Feedback techniques Performance measurement techniques (KPI and key success factors) Project review techniques Transition planning technique 文件歸檔實(shí)踐與法規(guī) 合規(guī)（法規(guī)/組織） 合同收尾需求 收尾程序 反饋技術(shù) 績(jī)效測(cè)量技術(shù)（KPI和關(guān)鍵成功因素） 項(xiàng)目評(píng)審技術(shù) 移交規(guī)劃技術(shù) 所有績(jī)效域 Cross-Cutting Knowledge and Skills 交叉知識(shí)與技能 Active listening Applicable laws and regulations Benefits realization Brainstorming techniques Bu